OBJECTIVE To discuss the therapeutic effect of one stage surgical treatment in the multiple primary hypopharyngeal and cervical thoracic esophageal carcinoma.METHODS The thoracoscopy group: dissecting the esophagus and mediastinal lymph node assisted with thoracoscope, and then opened abdominal cavity to make gastric tube. Head and neck group: doing the cervical lymph node dissection, total laryngectomy, total hypopharyngectomy and total esophagectomy, and then anastomosis of the pharynx with gastric tube. All cases were received conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy after operation.RESULTS All the cases in this group were successfully underwent the one stage operation. The postoperative complications were pulmonary infection in 3 cases, pleural effusion in 2 cases and tracheal tear in one case. No anastomotic fistula or postoperative deaths occurred. The 3 and 5 year survival rates were 63.6% and 50.0% respectively.CONCLUSION It should take necessary examinations of cervical thoracic esophagus to prevent missing the multiple primary carcinoma of the hypopharyngeal carcinoma. The total laryngectomy, total hypopharyngectomy and total esophagectomy, and anastomosis of the pharynx with gastric tube for multiple primary hypopharyngeal and cervical thoracic esophageal carcinoma is a feasible and active treatment method.

AIM:To investigate the effects of Cong Rong San(CRS)on neuronal injury and endoplasmic re-ticulum stess(ERS)in rat models of Alzheimer disease.METHODS:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats(2 months old)were randomly divided into control(CON),model(MOD),low-dose CRS(CRSD),medium-dose CRS(CRSZ),high-dose CRS(CRSG),and memantine hydrochloride(MJG)groups.Morris water maze experiments were used to assess learning and memory in the rats.The morphology of neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was examined using HE and Nissl staining,and the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum in hippocampal cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Neuronal apoptosis in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was evaluated by TUNEL staining,while Western blot was used to assess the protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78),B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),caspase-3,protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK),p-PERK,activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP)in rat hippocampal tissues.RE-SULTS:Compared with those in the MOD group,rats in the CRSZ and CRSG groups showed improved learning and mem-ory,together with reduced hippocampal neuronal loss,PERK-ATF4-CHOP activity,and the expression of the pro-apoptot-ic proteins Bax and caspase-3,while the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was increased.CONCLUSION:Treatment with Cong Rong San was found to mitigate cognitive impairment,as well as damage and apoptosis in hippocam-pal neurons,in rat models of Alzheimer disease,possibly by inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for detecting human urinary thiocyanate by gas chromatographic and pre-column derivatization with 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl bromide( PFB-Br). METHODS: A total of 20. 0 μL of urine was taken and 1. 0 m L of acetonitrile and 100. 0 μL of PFB-Br were added for derivative reaction. The gas chromatography was directly used for measurement. RESULTS: The urinary thiocyanate concentration showed a good linear range of 1. 000-10. 000 mg/L. The linear correlation coefficient was 0. 999 6. The minimum detection concentration was 0. 112 mg/L,and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0. 411 mg/L( 20. 0 μL urine sample). The standard recovery rate was 97. 22%-102. 04%.The within-run relative standard deviation( RSD) of this method was 1. 56%-5. 35%. The between-run RSD was 1. 46%-5. 10%. Hydrocyanic acid ions interfered with the measurement. Other common inorganic ions such as chloride,sulfate,and nitrate ions did not interfere with the measurement results. The samples can be stored at 4 ℃ for at least 15 days. CONCLUSION: This method is suitable for detecting human urinary thiocyanate.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of 14 chlorinated hydrocarbons in urine. METHODS: The urine sample 4.00 mL and anhydrous sodium sulfate 3.00 g were added into a 10.00 mL headspace bottle, then the headspace bottle was maintained at 70 ℃ for 40.0 min. After headspace pretreatment, 14 chlorinated hydrocarbons in headspace air were separated in the DB-5 MS capillary column of the gas chromatography and detected by mass spectrometer. RESULTS: There was a good linear relationship of 14 chlorinated hydrocarbons in urine in the range of 0.62-1 630.00 μg/L. The linear correlation coefficient was greater than 0.999 0.The minimum detectable concentration was 0.19-0.43 μg/L and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.62-1.44 μg/L. The average recovery rate was 89.8%-107.1%. The within-run relative standard deviation(RSD) was 4.0%-8.5% and the between-run RSD was 6.3%-9.1%. Urine samples can be stored at 4 ℃ or-8 ℃ for 3 days and below-20 ℃ for 7 days. CONCLUSION: This method is rapid, simple, sensitive, accurate and has little interference,which can be used as a method for detecting 14 kinds of chlorinated hydrocarbons in urine samples of patients with occupational poisoning.