Objective To investigate the expression of histamine in the cardiac sympathetic fibers from the guinea pig superior cervical ganglion and its coexistence with norepinephrine so as to provide morphological evidence for histamine as a cardiac sympathetic neurotransmitter.Methods Biotinylated dextranamine(BDA) anterograde tracing and immunofluorescence histochemical staining for histamine/norepinephrine were applied.Results After injection of BDA into the superior cervical ganglion,BDA labeled sympathetic fibers in the left and right atria and ventricle were observed.Meanwhile,the tracing fibers proved histamine-like immunoreactive or both histamine and norepinephrine-like immunoreactive.Conclusion Histamine is expressed in the cardiac sympathetic fibers from the guinea pig superior cervical ganglion and coexisted with norepinephrine.

Objective To investigate the effects of salmeterol/fluticasone (seretide) combined with community intervention on lung function and quality of life of chronic obstruetive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in the stable period.Methods 96 cases with COPD in the stable period were divided into two groups randomly:Group A was treated only by seretide for six months,group B was treated by seretide combined with community intervention (health education,psychological intervention,exercise training,and nutritional guidance).6 months later,the lung function was determined and the quality of life was assessed by SGRQ.Results The lung function and the score of the quality of life in two groups after treatment [Group A:(1.78 ±0.16)L,(65 ±9)％ and 40 ± 18,36 ± 16,125 ±40;group B:(2.05 ±0.28)L,(73 ±9)％ and 21 ± 10,20 ± 11,58 ± 28,respectively] were improved than those before treatment [Group A:(1.59 ±0.15),(58 ±7) and 63 ±22,50 ±24,167 ±68;group B:(1.61 ±0.14)L,(58 ± 8)％ and 62 ±22,48 ± 22,163 ± 67,respectively] (P ＜ 0.05 );The lung function and the score of the quality of life in B group were improved than those in A group after treatment ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Using community intervention combined with seretide in treatment of COPD patients has better effect than the single use of seretide therapy,it improves lung function and quality of life.It is a safe treatment method and worthy to spread widely.

Based upon the measure of depression as defined by Hamilton depression scale (HAMD)scores ＞ 17,120 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were classified into 2 groups:COPD patients with or without depression.According to the mini-mental state examination (MMSE),the cognitive functions of all patients were evaluated.Meanwhile,oxygen saturation and pulmonary function were measured by blood gas analyzer and spirometer respectively.Fifty-four COPD patients were complicated with depression.HAMD scores were significantly negatively correlated with oxygen saturation and pulmonary function (P ＜0.05).Multiple regression analysis revealed that gender,oxygen saturation and MMSE scores were risk factors of depression (P ＜ 0.05).MMSE scores decreased more obviously in the COPD patients with depression and were positively correlated with oxygen saturation (P ＜ 0.01).A negative correlation existed between MMSE scores and HAMD scores (r =-0.549,P ＜ 0.05).

Objective To investigate the influences of depression on exercise capacity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 6-minute walk test (6MWT).Methods One hundred and twenty COPD patients,whose acute exacerbation was controlled,were enrolled in the study from September 2009 to April 2011.According to Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) scores,48 patients with HAMD scores ＜ 7 were classified as non-depression group (control),60 patients with HAMD scores ≥17 were classified as depression group,patients with 7 ≤ HAMD scores ＜ 17 were classified as uncertain depression and not included in the experiment.Six-minute walk testing was performed in patients.Blood pressure,heart rates,respiratory rates,Borg scores were measured before and after 6MWT; body mass index and lung function were also measured in all patients.Results The distances of walk in the depression group and control group were (259 ±91) and (312 ±71) meters,respectively (P ＜0.05).Heart rates,svstolic blood pressure,respiratory rates and Borg index in depression group after testing were (108± 11)/min,(148.7 ± 15.4) mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),(23.3 ±3.9) /min and (4.65 ± 1.67),respectively;those for control group were (95 ±9) /min,(141.8±8.9) mm Hg,(20.2 ±3.7) /min and (2.59±1.52),respectively.There were significant differences between two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Depression may affect the exercise capacity of COPD patients,the psychological status of the patients should be under consideration when conventional treatment is taken.

A total of 185 hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were recruited.And the questionnaire of COPD Assessment Test (CAT) was used to evaluate the CAT scores and Hamihon Depression Scale to evaluate HAMD scores.Lung function,body mass index,smoking and medication were measured and recorded in details.According to the HAMD scores,65 cases had depression and 120 cases no depression.Comparing with the no-depression group,the results show that HAMD and CAT scores were higher significantly in the depression group and there was a lower proportion of long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy.According to the logistic regression analysis,the CAT scores were associated with global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) stages Ⅳ and HAMD scores.These results suggest that poor lung function and depression affect greatly the quality of life for stable COPD patients.

Objective To observe the effect of malnutrition on cognitive function of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in stable period.Methods According to score of Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) ＞ 17 points and ≤ 17 points,120 patients with stable COPD were divided into control group and malnutrition group.The mini-mental stat examination (MMSE) was used to detect the cognitive function of patients,and oxygen saturation,pulmonary function,serum NSE and S-100β were detected as well.Results Compared with the control group,the disease course of the malnutrition group was longer,and measured value to expected value of the first second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and blood oxygen saturation were significantly lower,but there were no significant differences in the age and education level between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).There were significant differences in total score,directive force,delayed memory,attention and calculating ability,recollection ability,language between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the MMSE score was mainly related to age,education,measured value to expected value of FEV1,blood oxygen saturation,and MNA score.Both NSE and S-100β protein were negatively correlated with MMSE score (r =-0.365、-0.441,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Malnutrition can aggravate the cognitive impairment of COPD patients in stable stage.Serum S-100β and NSE levels may be used as predictors for cognitive impairment in COPD patients with malnutrition.

Objective To observe the effect of malnutrition on cognitive function of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in stable period.Methods According to score of Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) ＞ 17 points and ≤ 17 points,120 patients with stable COPD were divided into control group and malnutrition group.The mini-mental stat examination (MMSE) was used to detect the cognitive function of patients,and oxygen saturation,pulmonary function,serum NSE and S-100β were detected as well.Results Compared with the control group,the disease course of the malnutrition group was longer,and measured value to expected value of the first second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and blood oxygen saturation were significantly lower,but there were no significant differences in the age and education level between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).There were significant differences in total score,directive force,delayed memory,attention and calculating ability,recollection ability,language between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the MMSE score was mainly related to age,education,measured value to expected value of FEV1,blood oxygen saturation,and MNA score.Both NSE and S-100β protein were negatively correlated with MMSE score (r =-0.365、-0.441,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Malnutrition can aggravate the cognitive impairment of COPD patients in stable stage.Serum S-100β and NSE levels may be used as predictors for cognitive impairment in COPD patients with malnutrition.

Objective Stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)and radiofrequency ablation(RFA)are primary treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)at present.However,the effect of these treatments in clinical trails are rather controversial.The purpose of this paper is to conduct a meta-analysis on the clinical effect and related complications of SBRT and RFA for HCC.Methods A computerized retrieval of academic papers concerning the treatment effect of SBRT and RFA for HCC from the databases of PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Scopus,Web of Science,CBM,CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP was conducted.The retrieval time period was from the establishment of the database to June 2022.Stata14.0 software was used to make meta-analysis.Results A total of 14 retrospective studies including 6 806 patients were included in this analysis.The results of combined hazard ratio(HR)based on overall survival(OS)showed that the OS rate of SBRT was lower than that of RFA(HR=1.25,95％CI=1.10-1.43,12=0％,P=0.000 9),while the results of combined HR of local control(LC)rate indicated that SBRT had a better therapeutic effect(HR=0.61,95％CI=0.47-0.78,I2=0％,P=0.000 1).Subgroup analysis revealed that the combined HR of LC rate favored the performance of SBRT for patients with tumor diameter larger than 2 cm(HR=2.64,95％CI=1.56-4.48,I=0％,P=0.000 3).No statistically significant difference in the incidence of late serious adverse reactions existed between SBRTgroup and RFA group(OR=1.01,95％CI=0.59-1.73,I2=30％,P=0.97).Conclusion SBRT is superior to RFA in controlling local HCC lesions,especially in patients whose tumor diameter is larger than 2 cm,although it does not show certain advantages in the survival benefit.(J Intervent Radiol,2023,32:1233-1241)

Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of different types of neonatal sepsis.Methods:From January 2012 to December 2019, neonates with confirmed sepsis from 5 neonatal centers of central-south China were reviewed. The neonates were assigned into early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) group, and the latter was further subgrouped into hospital-acquired LOS (hLOS) group and community-acquired LOS (cLOS) group. The etiological and clinical characteristics were analyzed. SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 580 neonates were enrolled, including 286 (49.3%) in the EOS group and 294 (50.7%) in the LOS group. In LOS group, 147 were in hLOS group and 147 were in cLOS group. The gestational age and birth weight of hLOS group were significantly lower than the other two groups [(32.7±3.6) weeks vs. (37.1±3.7) weeks and (37.7±3.0) weeks, (1 810±717) g vs. (2 837±865) g and (3 024±710) g] ( P<0.05). The common pathogens in EOS and cLOS groups were coagulase-negative staphylococci and Escherichia coli, while Klebsiella pneumoniae was common in hLOS group. Carbapenems usage in the hLOS group was significantly higher than the other two groups [62.6% vs. 28.7% and 16.2%] ( P<0.05). Antibiotics duration in the hLOS group was longer than the other two groups [19 (14, 27) d vs. 15 (12, 20) d and 14 (12, 19) d] ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The clinical characteristics of neonatal sepsis vary among different types of infections, and it is necessary to establish appropriate prevention, control, diagnosis and treatment protocols.