Objective To investigate the time and dose dependent effects of 17 β-estradiol ( E2 ) on eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide (NO) production from bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). Methods The BAECs were cultured in 24-well flat plate.The dose dependent rapid induction of NO release by E2 in the BAECs was explored,and the non-genomic mechanism was studied. Each experiment was repeated for 3 times. The NO level was quantified by the electron spin resonance spectroscopy(ESR)method,and the phosphorylation of eNOS were determined by Western blot. Results NO release increased time dependently from BAECs after treatment with E2 at 100 nmol?L-1 at 1,5,10 and 15 min,and the effect peaked at 10 min.There were dose dependent effects of NO production as well as eNOS phosphorylation after treatment with E2 at different concentrations for 10 min,and the effect was the most obvious at the concentration of 100 nmol?L-1 .Upon treatment with equal volume of saline,E2 and actinomycin D (25 μg?mL-1 ) for 10 min,the NO release was(5.38±2.35),(10.59±3.28)and(10.68± 3.31) nmol?mg-1 ,respectively,and the eNOS phosphorylation level was 0.36±0.03,0.98±0.08 and 0.99±0.08,respectively. Compared with 0.9% sodium chloride solution,the NO release and eNOS phosphorylation were significantly increased in E2 treated cells(all P<0.05). Conclusion 17 β-estradiol at 100 nmol?L-1 induced eNOS phosphorylation as well as NO production from bovine vascular endothelial cells through non-genomic mechanism.The effect peaked at 10 minutes.

Objective To investigate the situation of infectious diseases prevention and control and its possible influencing factors of primary and middle schools in Pudong New Area,in order to provide evidence for establishment of effective control system of primary and middle schools.Methods The situation of infectious diseases prevention and control of 368 primary and middle schools in Pudong New Area was investigated.Results Organization and relevant system for infectious diseases prevention and control were carried well,but the proportion of full-time health care personnel was low.There had been infectious diseases in 297 (80.71％) schools from 2013 to 2015,involving 4 326 cases.And 129 (35.05％) schools had 255 infectious diseases clusters.Whether the disinfection of sanitary ware and indoor air were qualified were the possible influencing factors of infectious diseases prevention and control.Conclusions The overall work of infectious diseases prevention and control is developed well,but some aspects need further improvement.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of TOMY self-ligation appliance technique in the treatment of anterior crossbite and moderate crowding, and to explore its clinical application.Methods:A patient, manifested as anterior crossbite and moderate dentition crowing, diagnosed as Angle class Ⅲ subclass malocclusion, MaoⅡ1+Ⅰ1 malocclusion, high angle,and facial asymmetry, was selected.This patient was treated with TOMY self-ligation appliance technique without tooth extraction.The length and width of the dental arch, the width of the alveolar bone and the width of the basal arch were measured before and after treatment;the lateral radiographs of the patient were taken too.Results:After treatment,the upper and lower dentition arranged in neat rows, reached a neutral occlusal relationship;SNA, SNB and ANB had no obvious changes;the lip inclination of anterior teeth was increased by 10 degrees, and reached the normal value;the upper and lower dental arch width, alveolar bone width, basal bone arch width and dental arch length were lower than before treatment.Conclusion:For the patient with anterior crossbite and moderate dental crowding treated with non-extraction, the TOMY self-ligation technique can be considered to use, by increasing the arch width and length to improve the anterior crossbite and moderate crowding, in order to achieve the effective treatment.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in medical institutions in Pudong New Area.Methods Ten medical institutions in Pudong New Area were selected as monitored hospitals, cross-sectional survey on HAI in each hospital at a given day of November 2013 and November 2014 were conduc-ted.Prevalence of HAI in different levels of hospitals were compared.Results The prevalence rates of HAI in 2013 and 2014 were 4.04% and 3.75% respectively,there was no significant difference between two years(χ2 =0.709,P=0.400).The prevalence rates of HAI in primary,secondary,and tertiary hospitals in 2013 were 0.66%,3.32%, and 4.60% respectively,in 2014 were 0,3.52%,and 4.01 % respectively,prevalence rates of HAI in different lev-els of hospitals of each year were significantly different (all P <0.05).Prevalence rates of HAI were high in depart-ments of neurosurgery,hematology,intensive care units(ICUs),and gerontology.The prevalence rate of infection in ICUs increased obviously,from 10.09% to 18.78% (χ2 =3.921 ,P =0.048),departments of gerontology de-creased obviously,from 10.07% to 5.02%(χ2 =5.698,P =0.017).The main HAI sites were lower respiratory tract (36.72%),upper respiratory tract (9.96%),and urinary tract (12.89%).172 pathogenic isolates were de-tected in 2013,and 177 were detected in 2014,gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria,and fungi accounted for 60.74%,26.37%,and 12.89% respectively.Constituent ratios of pathogens causing HAI between two surveys were not significantly different (χ2 =5.819,P =0.830).Conclusion Among different levels of hospitals in Pudong New Area,tertiary hospitals have the highest prevalence rate,HAI in ICU increases obviously,the main HAI site is lower respiratory tract,the main pathogens are gram-negative bacteria.

OBJECTIVEWe aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of maxillary protraction on maxillary maldevelopment using Coben analysis to illustrate the advantages of Coben analysis in identifying pathogenic mechanisms and in designing treatment plans for Class III malocclusions.

METHODSA total of 120 patients were diagnosed to have skeletal Class I maloc- clusions with maxillary maldevelopment. These patients were selected as the subjects of the present research. Maxillary protraction was exerted to promote maxilla growth. Cephalometric analysis was conducted by using Coben analysis and angle analyses of Beijing Medical University to collect data before and after maxillary protraction.

RESULTSAccording to Coben analysis measurements, the height of facies cranii increased after maxillary protraction. The depth of lower face decreased, whereas that of mid-face increased and the Ptm-A value increased significantly in the mid-face (P < 0.001). In the angle ana- lysis of Beijing Medical University, SNA, ANB, U1/NA, U1/SN, MP/SN, and Y-axis angles increased significantly (P < 0.001), whereas SNB, U1/L1 (P < 0.001), and L1/MP (P < 0.05) decreased.

CONCLUSIONMaxillary protraction has a significant effect on growing skeletal Class III malocclusions withthe chief mechanism of Ptm-A value just diagnosed as minor by Coben analysis. Coben analysis is visual and clear in identifying pathogenic mechanisms of Class III malocclusions.

Objective To Know the present situation of diabetes′ self-management ,explore its influencing factors and provide theoretical evidences for conducting diabetic health education and improving patients′ level of self-management .Methods Using random sampling method ,we took 483 cases of diabetic patients concluded inpatient and outpatient from a first class hospital and two community hospitals who meet the inclusion criteria from March 2011 to April 2013 in Chongqing city .All patient were investi-gated with diabetes self-management questionnaire scale .Results 500 questionnaires ,received 483 valid questionnaires ,and the ef-fective rate of recovery is 96 .6% .Among 483 cases of diabetic patients in the investigation ,78 .7% of patients understood diabetes knowledge from medical staffs .In the aspect of following the treatment plan :drug plan had the best executive power with 59% ;the average score of diabetes knowledge was (41 .747 ± 10 .23) ,score index was 51 .5% ;82 .2% of patients did ,not understand their value of glycated hemoglobin ,44 .5% of patients did not understand the two-hour postprandial blood glucose ;The average score of diabetes′self-care behaviors was(3 .59 ± 1 .249) ,score index was 51 .29% ,different score index accompany with different self-man-agement levels .Educational level ,retirees ,diet control ,blood glucose monitoring ,the understanding of diabetes knowledge were pro-tective factors for receiving health education .Conclusion Patients grasp diabetic knowledge are poorly in average ,the present situa-tion of patients′self-management is not optimistic ,it is better to increase the health education of diabetes′ self-management ,and make great efforts to improve diabetes′self-management skills .

Objective:To investigate the site and characteristic ofp53 gene mutations in familial or early-onset breast cancer patients in part population of southern China.Methods:A total of 150 patients with familial and early-onset breast cancer in parts population of southern China were enrolled.Genomic DNA was isolated from each peripheral blood sample,and the entire coding sequence and exon and intron splicing region of p53 gene were amplificated by PCR in the 150 patients.The mutation analysis were detected by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and confirmed by DNA sequence analysis.Results:In the 150 patients with familial and early-onset breast cancer,6 mutations including one novel pathogenic mutation 869_888 ins20 (insert mutation) and 5 previously reported pathogenic mutations (deletion mutation 643_660de118 and 4 missense mutation 91G＞A,215C＞G,537T＞G,743G＞A) were identified in p53 gene encoding region in 9 patients of breast cancer.Moreover,one same sense mutation 141G＞A in exon 4,one 16 bases deletion in intron 3,and 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms in p53 gene introns were also identified.The total mutation frequency ofp53 gene in 150 patients with familial breast cancer and early-onset breast cancer from part population of southern China was 6.00％,and the mutation frequency of familial breast cancer and early-onset breast cancer was 6.81％ and 6.25％,respectively.Conclusion:The total mutation frequency ofp53 gene in 150 patients with familial breast cancer and early-onset breast cancer from partpopulation of southern China is higher than the frequency previously reported.The pathogenicity of the novel mutations (insert mutation) 869_888ins20 will be confirmed by function analysis in the future study.The deletion mutation 643_660de118 enriches the p53 gene mutation database among Chinese population,which is probably the specific mutation of breast cancer in Chinese population.

Objective To study the expressions of DD3 mRNA and PSA mRNA in the prostate tissues and its diagnostic value in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods DD3 mRNA and PSA mRNA were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( FQ-RT-PCR) based on Taqman technique in the tissues of 21 cases of PCa and 39 cases of BPH. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of DD3 mRNA, PSA mRNA and DD3 mRNA/PSA mRNA. Results The expressions of DD3 mRNA and PSA mRNA, and DD3 mRNA/ PSA mRNA were significantly higher in PCa tissues than those in BPH tissues ( P 0.05 for all). The AUC-ROC of DD3 mRNA,PSA mRNA and DD3 mRNA/PSA mRNA were 0. 937 (95% CI,0. 879 -0. 995) , 0.755(95% CI,0.629 -0.880) and 0.839 (95%CI,0.738 -0.940),respectively. The sensitivity for DD3 mRNA,PSA mRNA and DD3 mRNA/PSA mRNA was 90. 5% ,81. 0% and 81. 0% , respectively, and the specificity was 85.0% ,62.0% and 66.7% at cutoff value of 1.4?105 copies/mg tissue,3.0?107 copies/ mg tissue and 5. 0?10-3,respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of simultaneous detection for DD3 mRNA and PSA mRNA were 100% and 85.0%. Conclusions Both DD3 mRNA and PSA mRNA expressions were significantly higher in PCa tissues than those in BPH tissues; and the quantitative detection of DD3 mRNA is more helpful for the diagnosis. The simultaneous detection of DD3 mRNA and PSA mRNA can improve the sensitivity in the diagnosis of PCa.

OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnostic value of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) in assessment of semicircular canals disease. METHOD: Eighty-three patients were scanned with HRCT and the original data were processed with MPR. The semicircular canals full length was respectively observed in one image of MPR in the normal ears. The abnormal location of the canal were observed. RESULT: In one image the full length of the horizontal, superior and posterior semicircular canal can be respectively displayed in one image of MPR in normal ears. By this way ,1 superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD)was found in precaution group, 1 superior and 2 horizontal semicircular canal blocked, 1 vestibular aqueduct (VA) joined into superior semicircular canal and 2 VAs joined into posterior semicircular canal and abnormity of the three semicircular canals were found in SNHL. CONCLUSION MPR canould display the three canals full length in one picture and have a high specificity in the diagnosis of the semicircular canal abnormity.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Conductive ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Semicircular Canals ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To observe the inner ear structure with volume rendering (VR) reconstruction and to evaluate the role of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in congenital inner ear malformations. METHOD: HRCT scanning was performed in 10 patients (20 ears) without ear disease (control group) and 7 patients (11 ears) with inner ear malformations (IEM group) and the original data was processed with VR reconstruction. The inner ear osseous labyrinth structure in the images generated by these techniques was observed respectively in the normal ears and malformation ears. RESULT: The inner ear osseous labyrinth structure and the relationship was displayed clearly in VR imaging in the control group,meanwhile, characters and degree of malformed structure were also displayed clearly in the IEA group. Of seven patients (11 ears) with congenital inner ear malformations, the axial, MPR and VR images can display the site and degree in 9 ears. VR images were superior to the axial images in displaying the malformations in 2 ears with the small lateral semicircular canal malformations. The malformations included Mondini deformity (7 ears), vestibular and semicircular canal malformations (3 ears), vestibular aqueduct dilate (7 ears, of which 6 ears accompanied by other malformations) , the internal auditory canal malformation (2 ears, all accompanied by other malformations). CONCLUSION HRCT can display the normal structure of bone inner ear through high quality VR reconstructions. VR images can also display the site and degree of the malformations three-dimensionally and intuitively. HRCT is valuable in diagnosing the inner ear malformation.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ear, Inner ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods