OBJECTIVEWe aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of maxillary protraction on maxillary maldevelopment using Coben analysis to illustrate the advantages of Coben analysis in identifying pathogenic mechanisms and in designing treatment plans for Class III malocclusions.

METHODSA total of 120 patients were diagnosed to have skeletal Class I maloc- clusions with maxillary maldevelopment. These patients were selected as the subjects of the present research. Maxillary protraction was exerted to promote maxilla growth. Cephalometric analysis was conducted by using Coben analysis and angle analyses of Beijing Medical University to collect data before and after maxillary protraction.

RESULTSAccording to Coben analysis measurements, the height of facies cranii increased after maxillary protraction. The depth of lower face decreased, whereas that of mid-face increased and the Ptm-A value increased significantly in the mid-face (P < 0.001). In the angle ana- lysis of Beijing Medical University, SNA, ANB, U1/NA, U1/SN, MP/SN, and Y-axis angles increased significantly (P < 0.001), whereas SNB, U1/L1 (P < 0.001), and L1/MP (P < 0.05) decreased.

CONCLUSIONMaxillary protraction has a significant effect on growing skeletal Class III malocclusions withthe chief mechanism of Ptm-A value just diagnosed as minor by Coben analysis. Coben analysis is visual and clear in identifying pathogenic mechanisms of Class III malocclusions.

OBJECTIVE: To study the ability of HRCT to delineate the semicircular canals and the diagnostic value of HRCT in identifying labyrinthine fistula in chronic otitis media (COM) by means of multiplanar reconstruction. METHOD: Eighty-six patients (79 healthy ear and 93 failed ears) with chronic otitis media were scanned with HRCT, and the original data was processed with MPR. In the normal ears the semicircular canals form were individually observed and the canal geometry were compared in axial and coronal and s-MPR. In COM the destruction of the canal were observed and compared with the intraoperative findings. RESULT: The full length of horizontal semicircular canal can be displayed in some cases and the full length of the three canals can't be displayed in any single coronal image but they can be individually displayed in one image in s-MPR. In the COM, six ears labyrinthine fistula were found in the axial and five ears in coronal images; six ears were located at the horizontal semicircular canal and two ears at the superior semicircular canal in the s-MPR, which corresponded with the intraoperative findings. CONCLUSIONS MPR can display the full path of individual semicircular canal in one image and is promising in identifying labyrinthine fistula.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fistula ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Labyrinth Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otitis Media ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnostic value of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) in assessment of semicircular canals disease. METHOD: Eighty-three patients were scanned with HRCT and the original data were processed with MPR. The semicircular canals full length was respectively observed in one image of MPR in the normal ears. The abnormal location of the canal were observed. RESULT: In one image the full length of the horizontal, superior and posterior semicircular canal can be respectively displayed in one image of MPR in normal ears. By this way ,1 superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD)was found in precaution group, 1 superior and 2 horizontal semicircular canal blocked, 1 vestibular aqueduct (VA) joined into superior semicircular canal and 2 VAs joined into posterior semicircular canal and abnormity of the three semicircular canals were found in SNHL. CONCLUSION MPR canould display the three canals full length in one picture and have a high specificity in the diagnosis of the semicircular canal abnormity.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Conductive ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Semicircular Canals ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To observe the inner ear structure with volume rendering (VR) reconstruction and to evaluate the role of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in congenital inner ear malformations. METHOD: HRCT scanning was performed in 10 patients (20 ears) without ear disease (control group) and 7 patients (11 ears) with inner ear malformations (IEM group) and the original data was processed with VR reconstruction. The inner ear osseous labyrinth structure in the images generated by these techniques was observed respectively in the normal ears and malformation ears. RESULT: The inner ear osseous labyrinth structure and the relationship was displayed clearly in VR imaging in the control group,meanwhile, characters and degree of malformed structure were also displayed clearly in the IEA group. Of seven patients (11 ears) with congenital inner ear malformations, the axial, MPR and VR images can display the site and degree in 9 ears. VR images were superior to the axial images in displaying the malformations in 2 ears with the small lateral semicircular canal malformations. The malformations included Mondini deformity (7 ears), vestibular and semicircular canal malformations (3 ears), vestibular aqueduct dilate (7 ears, of which 6 ears accompanied by other malformations) , the internal auditory canal malformation (2 ears, all accompanied by other malformations). CONCLUSION HRCT can display the normal structure of bone inner ear through high quality VR reconstructions. VR images can also display the site and degree of the malformations three-dimensionally and intuitively. HRCT is valuable in diagnosing the inner ear malformation.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ear, Inner ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

The"eighteen-character formula"encapsulates the clinical wisdom of the national medical master,Prof.LU Zhizheng,and provides crucial guidance for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.The"inflammation cancer transformation"of chronic gastritis is a multifaceted process involving multiple factors,stages,and mechanisms.Drawing upon Prof.LU Zhizheng's"eighteen-character formula"to explore its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies holds substantial theoretical and clinical value.Within Prof.LU Zhizheng's academic framework,the concept of"holding the center and moving the periphery"underscores the pivotal role of the spleen and stomach,"benefiting the emotions and smoothing the qi activity"highlights the relationship between liver and stomach,liver and spleen,spleen and stomach,and"mediating moisture and dryness,restoring the normal function of spleen and stomach"reflects the balance between dryness and moisture,mutual assistance between yin and yang,aiming to restore the normal digestive and transport functions of spleen and stomach.In the clinical management of"inflammation cancer transformation"in chronic gastritis,it is imperative to focus on the spleen and stomach as the foundation,ensuring the health of the five zang-fu organs by the activation of peripheral functions;to base treatment on the balance of qi and blood,establishing vital activities by the regulation of ascending and descending movements;and to adhere to the principles of yin and yang,ensuring the normal digestive and transportive functions of the spleen and stomach by the harmonization of moisture and dryness.Our team,inspired by Prof.LU Zhizheng's theoretical framework and medicinal expertise,has developed a compound herbal formula known as Manpi Xiao.Clinical and foundational research have shown that Manpi Xiao effectively prevents and treats the malignant progression of precancerous lesions to gastric cancer,further affirming the clinical significance and value of Prof.LU Zhizheng's"eighteen-character formula".

The " inflammation cancer transformation" in chronic gastritis is a complex process that involves multiple factors,stages,and mechanisms. As the disease progresses,morphological changes occur in the gastric mucosal gland orifices and capillary vessels,and pathologically,it is characterized by a reduction in the number of glands,structural disarray,or cellular atypia. In traditional Chinese medicine,the onset of chronic gastritis is believed to be related to external pathogenic factors invading the stomach or the internal generation of various pathogenic factors. The disease process is considered to progress from qi to blood,and from meridians to collaterals,which is in line with the theory of "prolonged disease invading collaterals". This article explores the pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment of the "inflammation cancer transformation" in chronic gastritis based on the theory of the stomach collaterals,summarizing the characteristics of the disease evolution as follows:the stomach collaterals are invaded by pathogenic factors,leading to disharmony of qi and collaterals;obstruction of the stomach collaterals,resulting in the internal production of turbid toxins;and deficiency of the stomach collaterals,leading to the loss of nourishment and masses. Clinically,the therapeutic methods include expelling pathogenic factors,regulating qi,and activating collaterals;resolving stasis and detoxifying to unblock collaterals;and replenishing deficiency and eliminating masses to nourish the collaterals,thereby ensuring the patency of the stomach collaterals and the nourishment of the stomach. Starting from the theory of the stomach collaterals and integrating modern scientific research,this article aims to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the differential diagnosis and dynamic comprehensive management of the "inflammation cancer transformation" in chronic gastritis.

Objective We aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of maxillary protraction on maxillary maldevelopment using Coben analysis to illustrate the advantages of Coben analysis in identifying pathogenic mechanisms and in designing treatment plans for Class Ⅲ malocclusions. Methods A total of 120 patients were diagnosed to have skeletal Class Ⅲ maloc-clusions with maxillary maldevelopment. These patients were selected as the subjects of the present research. Maxillary protraction was exerted to promote maxilla growth. Cephalometric analysis was conducted by using Coben analysis and angle analyses of Beijing Medical University to collect data before and after maxillary protraction. Results According to Coben analysis measurements, the height of facies cranii increased after maxillary protraction. The depth of lower face decreased, whereas that of mid-face increased and the Ptm-A value increased significantly in the mid-face (P<0.001). In the angle ana-lysis of Beijing Medical University, SNA, ANB, U1/NA, U1/SN, MP/SN, and Y-axis angles increased significantly (P<0.001), whereas SNB, U1/L1 (P<0.001), and L1/MP (P<0.05) decreased. Conclusion Maxillary protraction has a significant effect on growing skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusions with the chief mechanism of Ptm-A value just diagnosed as minor by Coben analysis. Coben analysis is visual and clear in identifying pathogenic mechanisms of Class Ⅲ malocclusions.