BACKGROUND: The study aims to correlate osteogenesis with autophagy during the mineralization induction of MC3T3-e1 through exploring the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)/lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 5 (LAMPT5). METHODS: The induction of mineralization in MC3T3-e1 was followed by detecting the expressions of osteogenesisrelated indexes such as RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and LAPTM5 using RT-qPCR and Western blot from 0 to 14 days. Transmission electron microscope was utilised in visualizing the alterations of autophagosomes, which was followed by immunofluorescence detecting the subcellular localization of autophagy-related index sequestosome 1 (P62) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light 3 (LC3) protein and scrutinising the expression of P62 mRNA and P62 and LC3 proteins. RESULTS: Induction of MC3T3-e1 mineralization demonstrated an increased expression of osteogenesis-related indicators such as RUNX2, ALP, OCN, and LAPTM5 (p < 0.05), as evident from the results of RT-qPCR and Western blot. Meanwhile, the expression of autophagosomes increased one day after mineralization induction and then experienced a gradual decline, and enhanced expression of LC3 protein was noted on days 1–2 of mineralization induction but was then followed by a corresponding reduce. In contrast, a continuous increase was reported in the expression of P62 mRNA and protein, respectively (p < 0.05). Up- and down-regulating RUNX2/LAPTM5 expression alone confirmed the aforementioned results. CONCLUSION It was therefore proposed that RUNX2 may be responsible for an early increase and then a gradual decrease in LAPTM5-mediated autophagy through the regulation of its high expression. Meanwhile, increased LAPTM5 expression in osteogenic mineralization presumed that RUNX2/LAPTM5 promoted autophagy and osteogenic expression, which may play a bridging role in the regulation of autophagy and osteogenesis.

Objective To biologically evaluate the three-dimensional(3D) printed co-poly lactic acid/glycolic acid/tri-calcium phosphate(PLGA/TCP) scaffold which could be used for repairing oral and maxillofacial bone defects,and to provide experimental evidence for its further research and clinical application.Methods PLGA/TCP scaffolds were fabricated using low temperature rapid prototyping technique.Micro-CT and scanning electron microscope(SEM) were used to characterize the surface morphology.MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto the scaffold and stained with the rhodamine phalloidin and calcein acetomethoxy.After that,confocal laser scanning microscope was exploited to observe the features and viability of the cells.Moreover,the cells were co-cultured with the extract of PLGA/TCP and complete medium,respectively.The proliferation capability of the cells was assessed by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) on the 1st,2nd,and 3rd day.The PLGA/TCP scaffolds incorporated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) of 0,30,60 μg(i.e.blank control group,low-dose group and high-dose group) were implanted into the latissimus dorsi muscle of the rats,and 6 weeks later,the samples were harvested to estimate the volume and pattern of new bone.Results The 3D printed PLGA/TCP scaffold possessed a regular and well-defined porous stereo-structure with porosity of (73±3)％.Micro-CT and SEM showed that pore size were (379±32) and (453t29) μm respectively,and distance between layers were (452± 24) and (415±25) μm,and cylinder diameter were (342±24) and (350±28) μm.It also exhibited excellent cell adhesion and growth ability on the exterior and inner surface through rhodamine phalloidin and calcein acetomethoxy staining.The CCK-8 test demonstrated that the absorbance value of extract group on the 1st and 2nd day(0.51 ±0.08 and 0.63±0.09) were significantly higher than those in the blank control group(0.39± 0.05 and 0.53±0.05)(P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference between the extract group(0.67±0.06)and the blank control group(0.68±0.04)(P＞0.05) on the 3rd day.For in vivo test,there was obvious ectopic new bone formation on the PLGA/rcP scaffold incorporated with rhBMP-2,and this was demonstrated using the histological examination and micro-CT.The bone formation in the low-dose group was similar to the shape of the pre-implanted 3D printed scaffold,while much diversity was revealed in the high-dose group duo to over osteogenesis which was validated by the examinations of gross observation,histology and micro-CT.Conclusions Customized PLGA/TCP scaffolds can be manufactured by 3D printing technique.The scaffold showed an excellent biocompatibility and ectopic osteogenesis when incorporated with rhBMP-2.However,further research is needed to validate it's effect on repairment of the oral and maxillofacial bone defects.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the intraoperative hemodynamics and quality of early postoperative recovery in patients undergoing tumor resection.Methods:This was a prospective cohort study. A total of 249 patients undergoing malignant tumor resection in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January to August 2023 were divided into chemotherapy group (group C, n=104) and non-chemotherapy group (group N, n=145) based on their chemotherapy history. Heat rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded on admission (T 0), 1 min before endotracheal intubation (T 1), immediately after endotracheal intubation (T 2), at skin resection (T 3), 30 min after endotracheal incision (T 4), at the end of surgery (T 5) and 24 h after surgery (T 6), and the Quality of Recovery-15 score was recorded at T 6. The occurrence of hypoxemia, oropharyngeal airway implantation, bucking and aspiration after tracheal extubation was observed. The occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was recorded. Results:Compared with group N, the mean arterial pressure was significantly decreased at T 1 and increased at T 2, 3, the heart rate was increased at T 2-5, the total Quality of Recovery-15 score, postoperative physical comfort score, emotional state score and pain score were decreased at T 6, and the incidence of hypoxemia and postoperative nausea and vomiting after tracheal extubation was increased in group C ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Preoperative chemotherapy can affect the intraoperative hemodynamic stability and the quality of early postoperative recovery is decreased in patients undergoing preoperative tumor resection.