Objectives To investigate the prevalence of heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus(hVISA) and the sensitivity of hVISA to novel antibiotics,and to explore the risk factors and infection attributable mortality associated with hVISA infection.Methods A total of 456 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were isolated in Zhongshan Hospital from January,2008 to November,2010.All MRSA isolates were investigated for hVISA by two agar screening methods BHIA5T (brain-heart infusion containing teicoplanin 5 mg/L)or BHIA6V (brain-heart infusion containing vancomycin 6 mg/L),as well as macroEtest method(MET).Possible hVISA isolates were tested by modified population analysis profile-area under the curve (PAP-AUC).The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid were determined by microbroth dilution as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI).The contribution difference between hVISA and vancomycin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (VSSA) in different MIC range was compared.A retrospective case-control study of the patients with hVISA infection or VSSA infection was carried out and statistical analysis was performed using t test,Mann-Whitney test,x2 test and Fisher exact test.Results A total of 105 isolates of hVISA were screened by BHIA5T and BHIA6V (23.0％) with other 23 isolates by MET(5.0％) and 21 by PAP-AUC(4.6％).All isolates were 100％ sensitive to vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid.The vancomycin MIC [(1.76 ±-0.16) mg/L] in hVISA group was significantly higher than that in VSSA group[(1.09 ± 0.07)mg/L,P ＜ 0.01],which was a potential risk factor for hVISA infection.The retrospective study showed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was also a risk factor for hVISA infection of the lower respiratory tract.No significant difference in infection attributable mortality was showed between the hVISA group and the VSSA group.Conclusions The overall prevalence of hVISA in Zhongshan Hospital is estimated as 4.6％,while the prevalence of hVISA isolated from blood is as high as 12.5％.All isolates are 100％ sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.COPD is a risk factor for hVISA infection of the lower respiratory tract.

Objective To explore the role and clinical significance of GSTM 3 ( glutathione S-trans-ferase mu 3) expression in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods We had used the two-dimensional fluores-cence difference gel electrophoresis ( 2D-DIGE) and mass spectral analysis to further verify the microarray data of mRNA expression profiling discovered .GSTM3 mRNA level was detected by Rael-time Quantitative PCR ( RT-QPCR) in 28 pairs of prostate cancer tissue and benign tissue .The relationship of GSTM 3 level with the serum PSA level and the clinical feature of PCa were analyzed . Results In 2D-DIGE study, we found that the expression of GSTM 3 protein in adjacent tissues was significantly higher than that in PCa tis-sues (P<0.05).RT-QPCR results showed that GSTM3 in adjacent tissues (8.12±0.51) was significantly higher than that in PCa tissues (7.18±0.54) (P<0.05).There was no significant difference of GSTM3 ex-pression in different serum PSA packets ( P>0.05) and prostate cancer clinical pathological parameters ( P>0.05). Conclusions GSTM3 expression is down-regulated in PCa tissues, and we may identify PCa by detecting the GSTM 3 expression .

Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol on miRNA-106b in Alzheimer′s disease ( AD ) animal model.Methods Fifty Kunming male mice were divided into five groups by completely randomized block sampling.The five groups included three dosage resveratrol groups , an AD model group and a control group.The AD models were established in one month prior to treatments. Subsequently, from the 31st day various doses of resveratrol were provided intragastricly for 60 days.Then the memory function was observed by the step-down test.Meanwhile, the varying expressions of APP , P62, ApoA1, miRNA-106b, ABCA1 were tested in each group to determine whether there is the binding site for miRNA-106b in APP 3′UTR sequence.Results Compared with the control group by step-down test, the memory function of the AD model group mice decreased in different degree , which in the drug treatment group was higher than that in the model group (P<0.05).Compared with the AD group, the expression of APP (1.131 ±0.035) in the drug treatment group was higher than that in the model group (0.652 ± 0.026), while the P62 (0.412 ±0.022) and ApoA1 (0.534 ±0.032) were lower than the model group ( all P<0.05 ).High and medium dose groups of resveratrol treatment reduced varying degrees of APP (0.733 ±0.018,0.929 ±0.019,F=177.733) levels, and increased P62(0.954 ±0.035,0.633 ±0.015, F=434.5 ) and ApoA1 ( 1.042 ±0.051, 0.824 ±0.034, F=286.582 ) levels ( all P<0.05 ).The expression of miRNA-106b (0.464 ±0.313) and ABCA1(0.293 ±0.042) in the model group was lower than that in the control group (miRNA-106b 1.064 ±0.032, F=238.159; ABCA1 0.781 ±0.027,F=341.61;both P<0.05).The miRNA-106b (0.843 ±0.034, 0.601 ±0.012) and ABCA1 (0.882 ± 0.025, 0.624 ±0.036) levels in the high, medium dose resveratrol treatment groups increased to different extent ( both P<0.05 ).After the drug treatment , luciferase reporter vector experiments showed that the APP 3′UTR sequence contains the binding site of miRNA-106b.Conclusions APP is one of the target genes of miRNA-106b.Resveratrol is capable of improving AD by enhancing the expression of miRNA-106b and down-regulating the target genes including APP , P62 and ApoA1.This provides a new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of AD.

About 80％ of the patients with pancreatic cancer have glucose metabolism alterations,which suggests an association between diabetes and the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer.Studies have shown that diabetes and hypoglycemic agents are closely related to the occurrence risk,clinical manifestation and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.Recent findings demonstrate that insulin resistance,hyperinsulinemia,the expression level of insulin-like growth factor related protein and inflammatory reaction are the possible mechanisms of the interaction between diabetes and pancreatic cancer.However,the definite mechanism still remains unclear,and further researches are still needed.

Objective To investigate the timing of super-selective renal artery embolization (SRAE) for the treatment of renal hemorrhage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) .Methods From June 2005 to February 2013 ,a total of 2 165 patients with upper urinary tract calculi underwent PCNL (2 384 PCNL procedures) and 16 of them suffered severe bleeding (0 .74% ) .In the 16 cases ,SRAE was used .The medical records of all the 16 cases were retrospectively analyzed .Results In 16 patients ,15 patients were successful with the first SRAE ,but 2 of them underwent an additional pure renal artery angiography (1 patient before SRAE and 1 patient after SRAE);1 healed after the second SRAE .The mean blood loss and transfusion volume were 32 .9 g/L and 250 mL before the first angiography/SRAE ,and an additional 3 .2 g/L and 0 mL before the second try .Although 1 patient died ,the oth-ers were recovered without complications .Conclusion SRAE should be adopted early for the treatment of severe renal hemorrhage after PCNL .However ,a second try should be considered for the repeated bleeding patients after the negative results of first renal artery angiography or SRAE .

Objective:To explore the value of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in differential diagnosis of brucellosis spondylitis (BS) and tuberculous spondylitis (TS).Methods:Retrospective analysis was used to collect the data of patients with BS and TS diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2016 to December 2018. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), laboratory data, and the expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were analyzed.Results:There existed significant differences in imaging findings like the infection levels, the number of infected vertebrae and the paravertebral soft tissue lesions between BS and TS patients ( n=26, 27, P < 0.05). Basophils in BS patients were significantly higher than those in TS patients [(0.022±0.019) × 10 9 number/L vs (0.017±0.007) × 10 9 number/L, t=2.19, P < 0.05]; but the C-reactive protein of BS patients was significantly lower than that of TS patients [(16.12±14.16) mg/L vs (33.78±24.05) mg/L, t=2.45, P < 0.05]. The expression of MMP-9 in BS patients was significantly lower than that in TS patients [76.92% (20/26) vs 96.30% (26/27), χ 2=4.34, P < 0.05], but there was no significant difference in the expression of MMP-2 ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:MMP-9 may be a new biomarker in differential diagnosis of BS and TS, which can be helpful for the differential diagnosis of BS and TS by combining MRI findings with laboratory findings.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the bone marrow characteristics of methimazole-induced agranulocytosis and other hematologic damage, and to explore its correlation with clinical features and prognosis.Methods:The bone marrow and clinical parameters of 20 patients of Graves′ disease diagnosed with methimazole-induced agranulocytosis at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2000 to December 2022 were collected. The intergroup differences in bone marrow characteristics and granulocyte recovery time were analyzed. Differences in peripheral blood and bone marrow characteristics between patients with single agranulocytosis and pancytopenia were compared. Besides, literature review of the bone marrow characteristics of methimazole-induced hematologic diseases was conducted.Results:Compared to patients with bone marrow characteristics of granulocyte and precursor maturation disorders(Type Ⅱ), patients with aplastic marrow(Type Ⅰ) had significant decreases in the proportions of granulocytes in all phases( P<0.05). Patients with bone marrow characteristics of Type Ⅰ had a significant increase in the proportion of the lymphocyte system [51.00%(41.50%, 75.50%) vs 22.00%(14.00%, 35.00%), P=0.002], and got a longer to recovery time [(6.58±1.68)d vs(3.71±1.60)d, P=0.003]; Correlation analysis suggested the granulocyte to erythrocyte ratio was negatively correlated with the granulocyte recovery time( r=-0.520, P=0.023), and the proportion of the bone marrow lymphocyte was positively correlated with granulocyte recovery time( r=0.622, P=0.004). Compared to patients with single agranulocytosis, patients with pancytopenia had a markedly longer hospital stay duration [(27.14±5.27)d vs(14.15±7.36)d, P=0.001]. Literature review suggestsed that methimazole may cause various degrees of damage to blood system and bone marrow. Conclusion:Methimazole can induce a variety of hematologic damages. Analysis of bone marrow characteristics can aid in further prognosis assessment. Clinicians should be vigilant about potential hematologic adverse reactions when using methimazole and promptly diagnose and treat them to prevent serious consequences.

Objective To observe area of coagulation necrosis after microwave ablation(MWA)of rabbit liver showed on contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)in comparison with pathological findings.Methods Twenty-five healthy male experimental rabbits were equally randomly divided into L0,M0,H0,M7 and M14 groups.MWA was achieved with different power and time,and then CEUS and pathological examinations were performed,respectively.Four target areas of rabbit liver were ablated under 20 W for 1 min in L0 group,under 30 W for 1 min in M0 group and under 30 W for 3 min in H0 group,and the ablated areas were observed on the same day after MWA,while 2 target areas of rabbit liver were ablated under 30 W for 1 min in M7 and M14 groups,and the ablated areas were observed 7 days and 14 days after MWA,respectively.The ablated foci and ablated foci+edema band(inflammatory reaction band,IRB)showed on CEUS and pathology were compared,and their differences and changes with time going were analyzed.Results On the day of ablation,the extent of ablation foci,ablation foci+IRB as well as IRB in L0,M0 and H0 groups showed on CEUS were all larger than pathological findings under light microscopy(all P＜0.05),and the difference value of the length of the ablation foci between 2 methods increased sequentially among group L0,M0 and H0(all adjusted P＜0.05).Seven days after ablation,the area of ablation foci measured with CEUS in M 7 group was slightly larger than that measured with pathology(adjusted P=0.045),but no significant difference of the length nor the short diameter was found(both adjusted P＞0.05).Fourteen days after ablation,no significant difference of the length,the short diameter nor the area of ablation foci was detected between 2 methods in M14 group(all adjusted P＞0.05).The length,short diameter and area of ablation foci in M0 group measured with CEUS or pathology were all smaller than those in M 7 and M14 groups(all adjusted P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found between the latter 2 groups(all adjusted P＞0.05).Conclusion On the day of MWA of rabbit liver with different power and time settings,the areas of ablation foci,ablation foci+IRB and IRB showed on CEUS were larger than pathological findings.The range of ablation foci showed on CEUS 7 days after ablation was basically in line with pathology,indicating that CUES should be reexamined 7 days after ablation to evaluate the actual extent of coagulation and necrosis of ablation foci.

The importance of gut microbes to human health has gradually attracted attention. With the use of animal models, it has been revealed that maternal microbes during pregnancy could influence their children's health outcomes through shaping their microbial composition and regulating the development of their metabolic and immune system. However, the physiological mechanism of the human body is more complex and is affected by the interaction of multiple factors. The research results obtained from animal models are often inconsistent with human studies. At present, the influence of maternal intestinal microbes during pregnancy on the microbial colonization in their offspring and on a series of children's health outcomes is still unclear. Establishing a sub-cohort to detect the microbiome of the women across pregnancy and of their offspring, and further to integrate with variety of environmental and behavioral exposures can better provide reliable support for the research on the mechanism of children's health and diseases. This paper briefly introduces the research objectives, content, progress, strength and limitations of the sub-cohort study.

Humans ; COVID-19/genetics* ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/genetics* ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; RNA, Viral/genetics*