Objective To investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and endogenous androgens at early and late phase of postmenopause.Methods A total of 105 women with early postmenopause (≤5 years since menopause) and 107 women with late postmenopause (≥ 10 years since menopause) were enrolled in this study.In the mean time,those women were classified into normal weight [body mass index (BMI),BMI ＜24 kg/m2] group and overweight (BMI≥24 kg/m2) group.Sex hormonebinding globulin (SHBG),testosterone (T),dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S),fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin (FINS)levels were measured and then calculated free androgen index(FAI) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).The relationship between sex hormones and insulin resistance was analyzed by partial correlation and multiple linear regression analyses.Results Compared to early postmenopausal women,late postmenopausal women had higher FINS [(7.9 ± 6.6) mU/L versus (6.6 ±4.0) mU/L] and HOMA-IR(2.1 ± 1.9 versus 1.7 ± 1.1),but they had lower DHEA-S [(0.9 ± 0.5) mg/L versus (1.1 ± 0.5) mg/L,all P ＜ 0.05)].Both in early postmenopausal and late postmenopausal groups,overweight women had higher HOMA-IR (early group,2.2 ± 1.0 versus 1.2 ±0.9 ; late group,2.8 ± 2.6 versus 1.6±1.1)and FINS early group[(6.9±2.9) mU/L versus (4.6±2.0) mU/L] ;late group [(10.2 ± 9.3) mU/L versus (6.4 ± 3.6) mU/L] than those at women with normal weight group(all P ＜ 0.05).In early postmenopausal group,overweight women had lower SHBG [(52 ±37) nmol/L versus (71 ±37) nmol/L] and higher FAI(2.5 ±2.1) versus (1.3 ± 1.1) than those at normal weight women group(all P ＜ 0.05).In late postmenopausal group,overweight women had higher DHEA-S (1.0 ± 0.5) mg/L versus (0.8 ± 0.4) mg/L (P ＜ 0.05).The analyses suggested that in early postmenopausal group,SHBG was correlated negatively with FINS and HOMA-IR (β =-0.386,P ＜ 0.05 ;β =-0.553,P ＜0.05),DHEA-S was correlated positively with FBG (β =0.348,P ＜ 0.05) in early postmenopausal group.FAI was correlated positively with FBG in late postmenopausal group (β =0.505,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The increased androgenic activities are associated with insulin resistance after of menopause.These correlations are different at different stages of postmenopause,which SHBG levels correlate with high risk of insulin resistance and DHEA-S levels correlates with high blood glucose levels at early postmenopause and FAI correlates with high blood glucose levels at late postmenopause.

OBJECTIVEResearch on the phytoestrogenic effect and its possible mechanism of formononetin.

METHODTo evaluate the estrogenic effect and mechanisms of formononetin through the test of its influence on proliferation and ER subtype expression of T47D cells.

RESULTThe proliferation rates of T47D cells treated with 1 x 10(-7) -1 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1) formononetin were not increased. On the influence of ICI182, 780, the proliferation rates of T47D cells treated with 1 x 10(-7) 1 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1) formononetin were decreased. Formonenetin could induce the augment of ERalpha expression significantly of T47D.

CONCLUSIONFormonenetin has phytoestrogenic effect Formonenetin can not accelerate ER(+) T47D cell proliferation. But the expression level of ERalpha subtype in T47D cells change significantly with certain concentrations of formonenetin.

Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Phytoestrogens ; pharmacology ; Receptors, Estrogen ; genetics ; metabolism

In order to construct the recombinant retrovirus vector of human ngn3 gene and its packaging cell line, we successfully amplified the open reading frame (ORF) of ngn3 gene from human fetal pancreatic tissue by RT-PCR. The PCR products of human ngn3 gene was subcloned into pMD18-T vectors and sequenced. Results showed that its sequence was fully consistent with the ngn3 gene published in GenBank(GenBank Accession No. BC126468). The correct fragment was digested by EcoR I and Hpa I from recombinant pMD18-T vector and inserted into the same restriction enzyme sites of retroviral vector pMSCV-neo. We got recombinant retrovirus vector pMSCV-ngn3, which was identified by double restriction enzyme digestion and then transfected into PT67 cells by lipofectamine 2000. We established the PT67-ngn3 packaging cell line by G418 selection, which was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining. The detection results showed that the Ngn3 expressed at the mRNA and protein level in the packaging cell line. RT-PCR detection and electronic microscope analysis showed that the recombinant retroviral vector pMSCV-ngn3 was packaged into infectious virus particles and released into the supernatant of the cells. These results demonstrated that a PT67-ngn3 packaging cell line was successfully established, and this could facilitate the study of differentiation of the human fetal pancreatic progenitor cells into insulin-producing cells by using the ngn3 gene.
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Fetus ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; cytology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Open Reading Frames ; genetics ; Pancreas ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Retroviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Transfection

Objective To explore the detection trend of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia(VaIN)of lower genital tract from 2013 to 2015. Methods A retrospective analysis was undertaken of colposcopy-directed biopsy of cervical, vaginal and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia lesions include cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), VaIN and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 2013 to December 2015. Results (1) Overall data of CIN, VaIN and VIN:a total of 16732 cases were diagnosed of lower genital intraepithelial neoplasia in 3 years, accounting for 23.20% (16732/72128) of total colposcopy-directed biopsy cases. Among them, CIN, VaIN and VIN accounted for 19.48%(14053/72128), 2.67%(1923/72128), 1.05%(756/72128) of total colposcopy-directed biopsy cases of the lower genital tract, 83.99%(14053/16732), 11.49%(1923/16732), 4.52%(756/16732) of total lower genital intraepithelial neoplasia, respectively. (2) Annual data of CIN, VaIN and VIN from 2013 to 2015. The annual proportion of CIN in all intraepithelial neoplasia of lower gential tract was basically stable, consisting of 86.02%(3955/4598),83.25%(4795/5760) and 83.20%(5303/6374), respectively. The annual proportion of VaIN was gradually increasing, consisting of 8.09% (372/4598), 12.45%(717/5760) and 13.08%(834/6374), respectively. The annual proportion of VIN was gradually decreasing, consisting of 5.89% (271/4598), 4.31% (248/5760) and 3.72% (237/6374), respectively. Conclusion The increasing detection of VaIN from 2013 to 2015 might correlate with the increasing attention to inspection of the entire vaginal wall.

Objective:To explore the detection rate, clinical characteristics of vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL).Methods:Women diagnosed with vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) through colposcopy-guided biopsy from January 1, 2018 to August 31, 2022 in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were included in a 1∶1 ratio with patients diagnosed with vulvar low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) during the same period. Clinical characteristics including human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rate, genotype, cytology result, colposcopy impression, and lesion location were retrospectively analyzed.Results:(1) The proportion of vulvar SIL detected by colposcopy-guided biopsy increased annually from 2018 to 2022, with rates of 1.64% (740/45 057), 2.34% (1 110/47 402), 2.68% (1 108/41 335), 3.26% (1 536/47 078), 3.31% (667/20 155), with an average rate of 2.57% (5 161/201 027). (2) A total of 1 096 cases of vulvar HSIL and 1 096 cases of vulvar LSIL were included. The overall infection rate of HPV was 92.7% (1 993/2 150), with higher infection rate in vulvar HSIL patients than that in vulvar LSIL patients [96.0% (1 012/1 054) vs 89.5% (981/1 096); χ2=33.62, P<0.001]. Among vulvar HSIL patients, the common HPV genotype from high to low were HPV 16 (66.7%), HPV 52 (14.3%), and HPV 58 (10.0%). For vulvar LSIL patients, the most common HPV genotype were respectively HPV 16 (24.9%), HPV 6 (20.1%) and HPV 52 (17.1%). The overall sensitivity rate of cytology was 53.6%, with no significance difference between vulvar LSIL and HSIL groups (54.3% vs 52.9%; χ2=0.40, P=0.526). The accuracy of colposcopy impression for vulvar HSIL was lower than that for vulvar LSIL [40.2% (163/405) vs 81.7% (380/465); χ2=158.72, P<0.001]. About 57.3% (1 257/2 192) of the patients had concomitant cervical and vaginal lesions, with a higher rate in vulvar HSIL group than that in vulvar LSIL group [62.6% (686/1 096) vs 52.1% (571/1 096); χ2=24.67, P<0.001]. Unifocal lesion was the main type, with no significance difference between vulvar LSIL and HSIL groups [81.4% (381/468) vs 82.5% (386/468); χ2=0.18, P=0.671]. The most common lesion locations were the posterior commissure, followed by labia minora, vaginal vestibule, labia majora, perianal and clitoris. Conclusions:The detection rate of vulvar SIL under colposcopy is about 3%, and the infection rate of HPV is 92.7%. Vulvar SIL, especially vulvar HSIL, is likely to cause concomitant cervical and vaginal lesions. The accuracy of colposcopy in diagnosing vulvar HSIL is low. Therefore a comprehensive and careful examination of the vulva is necessary and suspicious vulvar lesions should be undergone colposcopy-guided biopsy for diagnosis.