Objective To investigate the value of multi-slice CT in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Method CT image of 15 cases of GIST confirmed by surgical pathology were analyzed retrospectively. Re-sults The tumors originated from the stomach(n = 8), duodenum (n = 1),jejunum and ileum (n = 3), colon(n = 1), mesentery(n = 2). The main display of CT were hemorrhage,necresis and cystic change within the tumor. The en-hancement of parenchyma was clear. The enhancement of venous phase was more clear than that of arterial phase. Conclusion MSCT is a valuable examination for GIST. MSCT can precisely display the location, shape, size and en-hancement of GIST. MSCT can be worth the locating,qualitative and staging diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the imaging characteristics of atypical teratoid/rhab doid tumor (AT/RT) of central nervous system(CNS), and to improve the diagnostic ability of the disease. Methods The clinical and imaging findings of 9 patients were retrospectively analyzed. There were 5 male and 4 female, ages 7 months to 5 years,median age was 1.4 years. MR enhancement studies were obtained in all the cases. One case had CT enhancement examination. Results The lesions were seen in brain in 8 cases and in lumbosacral spinal cord in one case. The tumors size varied from 4.8—7.8 cm, Necrosis was seen in nine cases, cystic change in eight cases and hemorrhage in five cases. The tumors had high signal on DWI, and low signal on ADC map. Dura matter invasion(2 cases), cerebrospinal fluid spread(2 cases)and intracerebral metastasis were seen. Conclusion There are some relatively specific imaging findings of primary CNS AT/RT that could assist their diagnosis.

Objective To investigate independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in extensive disease small cell lung cancer (EDSCLC). Methods Between January 2003 and December 2006, 154 patients diagnosed with extensive stage small cell lung cancer were enrolled in this study.Prognostic factors such as gender, age, performance status, smoking history, weight loss, distant metastasis, the number of matastasis, brain metastasis, the cycle of chemotherapy and thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) for EDSCLC patients were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The median following-up time was 40. 5 months. The rate of follow-up was 92. 2%. The MST and overall survival rates at 3-year in smoking group and no-smoking group were 13 months, 11.8% and 17 months,22. 8%,respectively (χ2=3.40,P =0. 064);in ChT/TRT group and ChT group, they were 17. 2 months, 17.9%and 9.3 months,13.9%, respectively(χ2=10.47,P=0.001);and in the cycle of chemotherapy ≥4 group and ＜ 4 group, they were 16 months, 20. 1% and 9.3 months, 2. 9%, respectively (χ2=17.79,P=0. 000). By multivariate analysis, smoking history was a statistically significant unfavorable factor for OS in EDSCLC patients (versus no-smoking, hazard ratio (HR)=1.462, χ2=4.40, P=0.036). In addition, ≥4 cycles of chemotherapy and TRT were favorable prognostic factors ( ≥4 cycles vs ＜4 cycles, HR =0. 420,χ2 = 17. 17, P = 0. 000; ChT/TRT vs ChT, HR = 0. 634, χ2 = 6. 20, P = 0. 013). Conclusions Smoking is a independent unfavorable prognostic factor and ≥ 4 cycles of chemotherapy And TRT are independent favorable prognostic factors for OS in EDSCLC.

Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the most common cause of cancer mortality in China.Non?small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of lung cancers.The mutation rate of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is relatively high, accounts for 32%～38% of all NSCLC. During the last decade, the application of EGFR specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKI) significantly improved prognosis of NSCLC patients with sensitive EGFR mutations. Thus, the research and development of third generation EGFR?TKI have entered the period of rapid development. The fourth generation EGFR?TKI which targeting EGFR C797S has even begun clinical development in China. This review will discuss the clinical research and drug review of EGFR?TKI from the perspective of drug review.

Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the most common cause of cancer mortality in China.Non?small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of lung cancers.The mutation rate of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is relatively high, accounts for 32%～38% of all NSCLC. During the last decade, the application of EGFR specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKI) significantly improved prognosis of NSCLC patients with sensitive EGFR mutations. Thus, the research and development of third generation EGFR?TKI have entered the period of rapid development. The fourth generation EGFR?TKI which targeting EGFR C797S has even begun clinical development in China. This review will discuss the clinical research and drug review of EGFR?TKI from the perspective of drug review.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of combined modality treatment and determine the prognostic factors for small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

METHODSFrom January 1974 to December 1995, 1260 patients with SCLC treated were retrospectively evaluated, with limited lesions in 732 patients, extensive lesions in 500 and stage unrecorded in 28. 553 patients were alloted into chemotherapy + radiotherapy (C + R) group, 355 into C + R + C group, 97 into R + C group, 126 into C group, 64 into R group and 65 into surgery (S + C + R) group. Patients with limited lesions received 2 - 4 cycles of chemotherapy including COMC, COMP, COMVP and CE-CAP. Radiotherapy was given to a dose of 40 - 70 Gy/4 - 7 w. Radiation portals for patients with limited lesions encompassed the primary tumor, hilar lymphatic drainage areas, partial mediastinum and bilateral supraclavicular regions. Patients with extensive lesions mainly received chemotherapy with or without palliative irradiation.

RESULTSThe overall CR and PR rates were 26.7% and 52.3%. Local recurrence and distant metastasis rates were 58.8% and 61.5%. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 50.2%, 14.7% and 11.7%, with median survival time of 12 months. The era, sex, age, tumor stage and treatment modality were all significant prognostic factors by both uni-variate and multi-variate analyses (P < 0.05). The result of S + C + R rated the best among these modalities and the result of C + R + C was superior to C + R, though the difference of which was not significant.

CONCLUSIONSurgical resection should be considered as one part of comprehensive therapy for small cell lung cancer patients with limited lesions whenever possible. On top of routine chemotherapy early administration of radiotherapy is advisable.

Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; mortality ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; mortality ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiotherapy ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To explore the features and application value of MRI in the spectrum of fetal cloaca malformation.Methods:The clinical, MRI and ultrasound data of 6 fetuses with spectrum of cloaca malformation were retrospectively analyzed in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University from January 2017 to February 2021, and the MRI features of each subtype were analyzed.Results:Among the 6 fetuses of spectrum of the cloaca malformation, 5 were confirmed by postnatal imaging and surgery, and 1 was confirmed by induced labor autopsy, including 3 persistent cloaca, 1 posterior cloaca, 1 cloaca variant, and 1 urogenital sinus. The high signal on T 1WI of the rectal meconium disappeared or became weaker, and the signal on T 2WI of meconium of the dilated colon increased in the 3 cases of persistent cloaca and 1 case of posterior cloaca. All 6 cases showed colonic dilatation. All cases except 1 persistent cloaca showed vaginal and/or uterine effusion. Two cases of persistent cloaca, 1 case of posterior cloaca and 1 case of cloaca variant showed duplicated genital tract. Two cases of persistent cloaca showed only 1 perineal opening, which opened at the urethral orifice. One case of cloaca variant showed 2 openings, which opened at the urethral orifice and in front of the normal anus, respectively. Conclusion:Prenatal MRI can help to clarify the diagnosis of cloacal malformation spectrum and to determine its specific classification.

Single arm trial ( SAT) was widely used for new drug application ( NDA) of novel anti?cancer drugs in recent years. The listing time was greatly shortened by SAT while comparing with randomized controlled trials ( RCT) . Thus, the companies intended to get NDA through SAT. To encourage innovation and accelerate the developments of anti?cancer agents, we summarize the background and key issues of SAT, discuss the conditions of accepting SAT for NDA, and systematically elaborate the design and principles of SAT in this review.

Single arm trial ( SAT) was widely used for new drug application ( NDA) of novel anti?cancer drugs in recent years. The listing time was greatly shortened by SAT while comparing with randomized controlled trials ( RCT) . Thus, the companies intended to get NDA through SAT. To encourage innovation and accelerate the developments of anti?cancer agents, we summarize the background and key issues of SAT, discuss the conditions of accepting SAT for NDA, and systematically elaborate the design and principles of SAT in this review.

MR angiography(MRA)is an important imaging method for non-invasive evaluation on the structure and hemodynamics of portal venous system.With the emergence of new MR sequences and iterations of contrast agents,the applications of portal MRA in children became more and more feasible.The technical research progresses and challenges of portal MRA in children were reviewed in this article.