OBJECTIVE:To investigate the long-term "market to order" (MTO) training mechanism for pharmaceutical employees,and provide reference for the development of college-level pharmaceutical education.METHODS:The characteristics of MTO training were studied and the difficulties and problems of the training model were analyzed to put forward countermeasures.RESULTS:Cooperation between schools and employers of MTO training model was influenced by social environment factors,and it also was limited by operating risk of employers and two-way choice of employment.CONCLUSION:MTO training is new type of personnel training model based on schools,students and employers.The training model completely demonstrates the role of schools and employer in personnel training.It contributes to improve comprehensive quality of students and resolve disconnection between school education and demands of employer.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the direction of examination reform of licensed pharmacists,and to provide a basis for setting up the courses for pharmaceutical major in higher vocational college. METHODS:By the method of literature analysis and comprehensive analysis,examination points and their distribution,the 7th edition of Pharmacy Expertise (Ⅱ) was analyzed in-depth in terms of the change of exam outline,score distribution and the contents of test papers,correlation between teaching ma-terials and scores of test papers,key and difficult points. RESULTS:The exam outline of the 7th edition of Pharmacy Expertise (Ⅱ)was changed from 7 systems into 16 chapters;each chapter contained 3 parts:pharmacological action and clinical evaluation, medication monitoring and clinical application of commonly used drugs;there were most examination points in pharmacological ac-tion and clinical evaluation which were important points. The quantity of test questions was reduced,but choice questions were add-ed,mainly on medication monitoring. The 5th,8th,10th chapters accounted for the most points in the test papers,and ratios of page numbers to points in chapters 1-2,4,9,and 14-16 were all lower than average level. The pharmacological action and clinical evaluation were key points,and the clinical application of commonly used drugs were difficult pints,which emphasized on practi-cal skills in pharmaceutical care. CONCLUSIONS:Licensed pharmacist examination is closely related to clinical practice,which re-flects the characteristics ofexamination based on practiceandpriority to practice,and provides reference for setting up pharma-cy courses.

Literatures at home and abroad were collected and pharmacology studies of berberine on treatment of digestive diseases were summarized. Berberine has still huge potential for treatment of peptic ulcer, gastritis, enteritis and other applications, and it has promising prospect in development and utilization.

Berberine is the main active ingredients in Coptis.The content determination of berberine can provide the basis for its quality evaluation.Relevant provessinal literatures about determination methods of berberine were summarized,and the main methods included TLC,UV, HPLC,HPEC,fluorescence,and so on.HPLC was the most widely used method because of its high separation efficiency,specificity and sensitivity.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for contents determination of luteoloside,quercetin and hyperoside in Lonicera japonica. METHODS:HPCE was performed silica capillary column with detection wavelength of 360 nm and separation voltage of 20 kV,electrokinetic sampling,sampling voltage of 15 kV,sampling time of 5 s,operation temperature of 25 ℃.The buffer was consisted of 60 mmol/L sodium tetraborate-50 mmol/L natrium carbonicum-50 mmol/L hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(pH 9.2). RE-SULTS:The linear ranges of luteoloside,quercetin and hyperoside were 0.06-0.56mg/mL (r=0.9881),0.08-0.56 mg/mL (r=0.9892),0.06-0.49 mg/mL(r=0.9796),respectively. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0%. The recoveries were 96.12%-99.77%(RSD=1.29%,n=6),95.90%-98.35%(RSD=0.89%,n=6),94.07%-97.45%(RSD=1.33%,n=6),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,stable and reproducible,and can be used for simultaneous determination of luteoloside,quercetin and hyperoside in L. japonica.

Objective To analyze the demands of Chongqing municipal medical and health institutions at grass-roots level for the graduates of clinical medicine,pharmacy and medical laboratory science and biotechnology.Methods The Chongqing medical and health institutions at grass-roots level served as the objects and their professionals and administrators were randomly performed the talents demands investigation by adopting the questionnaire investigation as the principal thing assisted by the interview on the spot or informal discussion.Results In the aspect of talents demands,the demands for internist,general practitioner and clinical examination staff were greater,which reached to 36.54％,30.77％and 78.10％respectively;in the aspect of professional knowledge demands,the demands for clinical diagnosis,general practice,clinical medication,clinical laboratory and blood test were greater.Con clusion The school talents cultivation does not understand the true requirements of medical and health institutions at grass-roots level and is inconsistent with the practical demands.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference to the construct recycling and disposal system for expired drugs of Chongqing families. METHODS:Questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 683 residents from 6 districts of Chongqing,involving whether or not to reserve and regularly check up the drugs in the home;how to dispose expired drugs;reasons for different disposal behavior;suggestions of drug recycling. Epidata 3.1 software was used for data entry and statistical analysis,and corresponding measures and suggestions were put forward. RESULTS:A total of 1 579 effective questionnaires were collected with effective recovery rate of 93.82%. 1 322 residents(83.72%)had the habit of storing drug;1 213 residents(91.75%)disposed expired drugs at random;109 interviewees had participated in expired drug recycling. Inquiries survey showed that 75 residents (68.81%)were not satisfied with the current way of expired drug recycling;90 residents(82.57%)suggested increasing recycling points;101 residents(92.66%)suggested setting recycling points near;93 residents(85.33%)suggested recovering expired drug to the doorstep;97 residents(88.99%)expected compensable drug recovery;1 062 residents who disposed expired drugs with the garbage had strong willingness to participate in drug recovery,and accepted different recycling methods well. CONCLUSIONS:Many residents have the habit of storing drugs,but they lack the consciousness of actively checking up the drugs. The residents deal with the expired drugs in the family casually,and lack the professional knowledge of expired drugs and environmental awareness. The residents who have been involved in recycling are not satisfied with the existing methods of recycling,and they lack of enthusiasm and initiative. The residents support professional expired drug recycling,but the actual behavior is affected by many factors. It is suggested to improve the relevant laws and regulations for the recycling and professional disposal of the expired drugs as soon as possible,construct government-leading,enterprise-participating and multi-lateral cooperative professional family expired drug recycling and disposal system.

Objective To adopt the capillary electrophoresis(HPCE) for detecting the contents of emodin,chrysophanol and rhein in the extract of rheum officinale.Methods The detection was executed with a fused-silica capillary column(67.4 cm× 75.0 μm,effective length 51.0cm) as the separation column.The buffer solution consisted of 60 mmol/L Na2B4O7,40 mmol/L Na2CO3 and 40 mmol β-cyclodextrin(pH 8.9).The detection wavelength was 254 nm.Results RSD of precision in emodin,chrysophanol and rhein was 1.79％,4.46％ and 2.30％.respectively The linear range of 3 components was 1.1-19.0 mg/mL;the average recovery rates of emodin,chrysophanol and rhein were 100.14 ％,99.65 ％ and 98.44 ％ respectively,RSD was 2.43 ％,2.54 ％ and 2.02％ respectively(n=3).Conclusion The method can be used in the content determination of rheum officinale extract.

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for interpretation of pathogenesis， early prevention and diagnosis， and selection of therapeutic targets of Alzheimer’s disease （AD）. METHODS： The gene chip dataset GSE28146 was downloaded from the NCBI public data platform GEO， and the AD-related differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were identified by using GEO2R online analysis tool. GO analysis and KEGG enrichment pathway analysis were performed by using DAVID 6.8 bioinformatics resource database. The protein-protein interaction （PPI） network analysis was performed by using STRING database and Cytoscape 3.2.1 software. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： A total of 1 478 AD-related DEGs were identified， consisting of 913 up-regulated genes and 565 down-regulated genes. GO function enrichment analysis showed that DEGs mainly distributed in cytoplasm， membrane， extracellular space， and induced AD via biological processes such as positive/negative regulation of transcription， positive regulation of NF-κB activity， regulation of Rho protein signaling transduction， protein phosphorylation； via protein binding， DNA binding， transcription factor activity （sequence specific DNA binding） and other molecular functions. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEGs was enriched in cancer pathway， pulmonary tuberculosis， osteoclast differentiation， JAK/STAT signaling pathway， FoxO signaling pathway， EB virus infection and other signaling pathways. There are 1 205 nodes and 3 931 edges in the PPI network of DEGs coding protein. Among them， the key genes are SOCS3， NEDD4 and CBLB， which may be the potential target of AD development.

Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of patient perception for humanistic care in China hospitals,and to provide a basis for developing nursing humanistic care measures and improving the quality of nursing humanistic care services.Methods A total of 30,099 outpatients and inpatients from 107 hospitals in 30 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)from July to August 2022 as survey subjects.A general information questionnaire and the Relational Caring Questionnaire-Patient Form were used for a cross-sectional survey,and a single-factor analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of patient relationship care.Results Finally,29 108 valid questionnaires were collected,and the effective questionnaire recovery rate was 96.7％.The patient evaluation of relationship care was(65.72±8.61)points.Single-factor analysis showed that gender,age,marital status,children's situation,education level,occupation,place of residence,average family income,medical insurance type,visiting department,and location of the visiting hospital,and whether or not surgery were influencing factors of patient relationship care(P＜0.05).Conclusion The evaluation score of caregiver-patient relationship care among Chinese hospital patients is above average,but there is still room for improvement in western and rural regions,seriously ill and outpatient patients,low-income and low-medical insurance reimbursement populations,and non-surgical patients.Medical institutions at all levels should optimize and improve nursing humanistic care services based on influencing factors,and further enhance patients'perception of nursing humanistic care.