Objective To study the pathological characteristic of VX2 hepatic tumor in rabbit and the value of ultrasound in detecting this tumor mode. Methods To establish a model of Rabbit Liver VX2 Tumor with ultrasound- guided implantation of constitution mass and ultrasounds scanning was performed at fourteen days and twentyone days after implantation. After that, all the rabbits were executed and pathological examination was performed. Results Twenty models of Rabbit Liver VX2 Tumor were successfully established. The fourteen days after implantation,18 rabbits were found tumor,tumor diameter 8. 6 ～ 11.8 mm, average diameter ( 10. 15 ± 0. 67) mm; The twenty one days after implantation,20 rabbits were found tumor, tumor diameter 13.2 ～ 18.3 mm, average diameter( 16. 13 ±1.98)mm. Ultrasound showed that the tumor in the rabbit liver was a single spherical or sphere-alike hypoechoic nudes,and there were higher blood flow signals around the nedus. In pathological examination,the tumors were exserted to the liver surface,the cross sections of the tumor were gray,the cells of the tumors were bigger than the normal liver cells,arranged into nests with fibrous tissue. Conclusion In pathological examination, the heteromorphism of VX2 tumor cell was conspicuous. The growth of VX2 hepatoma could be monitored by ultrasound effectively.

Objective To investigate the distribution,drug resistance of bile pathogenic bacteria,and the risk factors for biliary infection.Methods Clinical and laboratory data of patients hospitalized from January 2008 to October 2015 were reviewed for pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance,and the factors related to biliary tract infection were studied.Results Among all 320 cases,there were 249 cases of pathogenic bacteria in bile specimens,the positive rate was 77.81％.There were 356 strains of pathogenic bacteria of 40 species,including 244 strains of gram negative bacteria (68.54％),93 strains of gram positive bacteria (26.12％) and 19 strains of fungi (5.34％).Top three bacteria were Escherichia coli (84 strains,23.60％),Klebsiella pneumonia (60 strains,16.85％),and Enterococcus faecium (40 strains,11.24％).The Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest drug resistance to cefazolin,and they had a lower drug resistance to cefoxitin and amikacin.The multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 60 years (AOR =2.311,95％ CI:1.292-4.135) and the history of ERCP operation (AOR =3.475,95％ CI:1.587-7.607) were independent risk factors for biliary tract infection.Conclusion Bacteria are mainly gram negative bacteria in the bile of patients with biliary tract infection,suggesting antibiotics with low resistant rate of gram-negative is the first choice.The age ≥ 60 years and history of ERCP surgery are independent risk factors for patients with biliary tract disease.Measures to prevent biliary infections in high-risk patients should be taken.

β-arrestins, a kind of important adaptor protein and signal transduction protein found in the purification process ofβ-adrenergic receptor kinase (β-ARK) ,were first identified as pro-teins that have the ability to desensitize G protein-coupled recep-tors ( GPCR) . Fibrosis is defined by the overgrowth, hardening, and scarring of various tissues and is attributed to excess deposi-tion of extracellular matrix ( ECM ) components including colla-gen . A large number of studies have shown thatβ-arrestins play an important role in the process of fibrotic diseases, involved in inflammatory response and excess deposition of ECM. This re-view discusses the research status and development prospects ofβ-arrestins-mediated fibrotic diseases.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of non-operative and operative treatment for flail chest.Methods A retrospective case control study was made on 60 cases of flail chest treated from March 2013 to April 2016.There were 42 males and 18 females,at the age range of 36-62 years [(49.8 ± 10.3)years].According to the treatment methods,the patients were divided into non-operation group (28 cases) and operation group (32 cases).Chest CT,pulmonary function and 36-item short-form health survey(SF-36) were measured in all patients 3 months and 6 months after injury.Differences in atelectasis,chest wall deformity,delayed fracture healing,pulmonary function and life quality were analyzed between the two groups.Results Compared to non-operative group at postoperative 3 months,rates of atelectasis,chest wall deformity and delayed fracture healing in operation group were obviously lower,while indices of pulmonary function pulmonary function including forced vital capacity (FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),one second rate (FEV1/FVC) and maximal voluntary ventilation measured value (MVV) in operation group wcre higher,and SF-36 parameters including physical functioning (PF),role-physical (RP),bodily pain (BP),general health (GH),vitality (VT),social functioning (SF) and mental health (MH) in operation group were better (all P ＜ 0.05).As to the data measured 6 months after injury,there were no significant differences between the two groups,except that the rate of chest wall deformity in non-operative group (6 cases,39％) was higher than that in operation group (11 cases,19％) (P ＜ 0.05).As to c hest CT,indices of pulmonary function and SF-36 parameters (P ＜ 0.05),there were no significant differences within operation group at postoperative 3 months and 6 months (P ＞ 0.05).Non-operation group showed better results in rate of atelectasis,rate of delayed fracture healing,indices of pulmonary function and SF-36 parameters measured 6 months after injury than the detections at postoperative 3 months (P ＜ 0.05),without difference in rate of chest wall deformity (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Surgical treatment of flail chest can accelerate fracture healing,reduce rate of chest wall deformity and improve life quality of patients early compared to non-operative treatment.Although there is no obvious difference in life quality of patients between operative and non-operative treatment 6 months after injury,but the chest wall deformity remains significantly different.

Objective To observe the effect of abdominal obesity on lung function in the perioperative period of complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy.Methods Collected 36 cases of peripheral lung cancer and could complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy by access conditions,18 cases in abdominal obesity group who had body mass index (BMI) ＞ 35 kg/m2 and the waist circumference ＞ 95 cm on men the waist circumference ＞ 90 cm on women,18 cases in normal weight group who had BMI ＜ 25 kg/m2 and the waist circumference ＜ 85 cm on men the waist circumference ＜ 80 cm on women.All cases had complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy and lymph node dissection with 4 holes,and recorded the operation time,before and after operation had blood gas analysis and lung function,at the same time recorded the cases of complication after operation,compared the parameters in two groups.Results The blood gas analysis had no difference before operation,but after 12 h of operation,the arterial blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) declined and alveolar-arterial blood oxygen partial pressure difference(PA-aO2) increased in abdominal obesity group,while the PaO2 declined and arterial blood CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2),PA-aO2 increased compared with normal weight group(P ＜ 0.05).The forced vital capacity (FVC),forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1) had statistical significance in two groups before operation(P ＜ 0.05),on the third day after operation,the abdominal obesity group to himself the FVC,FEV1,maximal voluntary rentilation (MVV),functional residual capacity (FRC),carbon monoxide diffusion amount (DLCO) declined obviously except FEV1/FVC (P ＜ 0.05),compared with normal weight group,the FVC,FEV1,FRC,DLCO declined obviously (P ＜ 0.05).After operation,the lung function in abdominal obesity group,the FVC,FEV1,MVV,FRC,DLCO declined 25.8％,27.8％,20.4％,32.1％,39.1％,compared with normal weight group the FVC,FEV1,FRC,DLCO declined 31.8％,37.2％,30.2％,30.6％.The abdominal obesity group had more complication.Conclusion In the perioperative period of complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy,the abdominal obesity has more effect to lung function and must have more attentions on it,and effective weight control has important significance to operation patients.

To study the chemical constituents of Saxifraga stolonifera (L.) Meeb., chromatographic techniques were applied to separate and purify the compounds, and their structures were confirmed on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. Ten compounds were isolated and identified as 5-O-methylnorbergenin (1), 3, 4-dihydroxyallylbenzene-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), (7R, 8S)-4, 9, 9'-trihydroxyl-3-methoxyl-7, 8-dihydrobenzofuran-1'-propylneolignan-3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), (3S, 5R, 6R, 7E, 9R)-3, 5, 6, 9-tetrahydroxy-7-megastigmane (6), benzyl-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), p-hydroxyacetophenone (8), pyrogallic acid (9) and p-hydroxyphenol (10). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 2-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and practice among university students in a pilot site of AIDS health education in Zhoushan City, so as to provide the reference for AIDS health education in universities. Methods: University students were recruited from Zhejiang Ocean University using a stratified cluster sampling method in 2018 and 2020, and the AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and practice were collected using a questionnaire survey. Results: A total of 2 862 and 2 850 students were surveyed in 2018 and 2020, including 1 429 ( 49.93% ) and 1 414 ( 49.61% ) male students, respectively. The overall awareness of AIDS-related knowledge was 86.62% and 94.11% in 2018 and 2020, respectively. There were 544 ( 19.01% ) and 394 ( 13.82% ) students that were in favor of one-night stand, 308 ( 10.76% ) and 198 ( 6.95% ) students that were in favor of commercial sexual behaviors, and there were 59 ( 2.06% ) and 34 ( 1.19% ) students that had casual sexual behaviors within one year, and 20 ( 0.70% ) and 8 students ( 0.28% ) with commercial sexual behaviors within one year. There was a significant difference in the awareness of AIDS-related knowledge among students with different years at the university ( P<0.05 ). The lowest awareness of AIDS-related knowledge was seen in freshmen in 2018 ( 81.74% ), and the highest awareness was found in freshmen in 2020 (97.17% ). The proportions of being in favor of one-night stand ( 2018: 31.35% vs. 6.70%; 2020: 22.07% vs. 5.71%; P<0.05 ), being in favor of commercial sexual behaviors ( 2018: 19.91% vs. 2.23%; 2020: 12.09% vs. 1.88%; P<0.05), having casual sexual behaviors within one year (2018: 3.71% vs. 0.42%; 2020: 2.19% vs. 0.21%; P<0.05), and having commercial sexual behaviors within one year ( 2018: 1.33% vs. 0.07%; 2020: 0.50% vs. 0.07%; P<0.05 ) were significantly greater in male students than in female students. Conclusions The pilot AIDS health education is effective to increase the awareness of AIDS-related knowledge, possess the correct attitudes towards sexual behaviors and reduce high-risk sex behaviors among university students in Zhoushan City. Intensified AIDS health education is recommended among senior and male university students.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular transmission network among HIV/AIDS patients in Zhoushan City, Zhejing Province. Methods: The newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Zhoushan City from 2020 to 2022 were selected. Basic information was collected and whole blood samples were obtained at the initial follow-up. The pol gene sequences of HIV-1 were amplified by RT-PCR and nested-PCR. HIV-1 subtypes were identified by Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic trees. The HIV-1 molecular transmission network was built and analyzed using Cytoscape 3.6.1 software. Results: A total of 222 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Zhoushan City from 2020 to 2022, 200 whole blood samples were collected, and 152 sequences were obtained successfully, including 122 males (80.26%), 75 cases aged 50 years and above (49.34%), 109 cases with a junior high school education or below (71.71%), and 63 cases with commercial heterosexual contact (41.45%). The main subtypes were CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE, accounting for 45.39% and 21.05%, respectively. When the threshold of genetic distance was set to 1%, 20 molecular clusters were formed in 69 cases, with a clustering rate of 45.39%. Using the molecular network constituted by reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2020 as the baseline network, there were 2 active molecular clusters with ≥5 new cases in 2022, each with 9 cases, characterized mainly by individuals aged 50 or above, with a junior high school education or below, and transmission through commercial heterosexual sex. Conclusions The predominant HIV-1 subtypes among HIV/AIDS cases in Zhoushan City are CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE. Transmission through commercial heterosexual contact among middle-aged and elderly people is a main mode of HIV transmission.

The Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is essential for cellular proliferation and differentiation during embryonic development.Gain and loss of function of Hh signalling are known to result in an array of craniofacial malformations.To determine the critical period for Hh pathway antagonist-induced frontal bone hypoplasia,we examined patterns of dysmorphology caused by Hh signalling inhibition.Pregnant mice received a single oral administration of Hh signalling inhibitor GDC-0449 at 100 or 150 mg·kg-1 body weight at preselected time points between embryonic days (E)8.5 and 12.5.The optimal teratogenic concentration of GDC-0449 was determined to be 150 mg·kg-1.Exposure between E9.5 and E10.5 induced frontal bone dysplasia,micrognathia and limb defects,with administration at E10.5 producing the most pronounced effects.This model showed decreased ossification of the frontal bone with downregulation of Hh signalling.The osteoid thickness of the frontal bone was significantly reduced.The amount of neural crest-derived frontal bone primordium was reduced after GDC-0449 exposure owing to a decreased rate of cell proliferation and increased cell death.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of high-frequency ultrasound in the clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS),and to study the suitable diagnostic indicators and criteria of CTS for Chinese population.Methods High-frequency ultrasound was used to scan the median nerves of 67 CTS wrists and 67 normal wrists at the entrance,the middle and the outlet of carpal tunnels,and measured the cross-sectional area,diameter and flattening rate.Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the sensitivity,specificity,and AUC of ROC curve of the different parts of carpal tunnels.Results Compared with normal subjects,the CTS patients has larger cross-sectional area,diameter and flattening value of the median nerve in different parts of the carpal tunnel,and the differences are statistically significant (all P＞0.05).Among the measured indicators,the cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the entrance of the carpal tunnel has a better AUC value and good diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion High-frequency ultrasonography has potential clinical significance for CTS diagnosis.The cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the entrance of the carpal tunnel can be used as a CTS diagnostic indicator for Chinese population,and it has good diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.