Objective To optimize a W/O microemulsion formulation of troxerutin and evaluate its physical properties such as morphology, droplet size, stability and content of troxerutin. Methods The W/O microemulsion was optimized using a pseudoternary phase diagram and the area of the microemulsion region was used to screen and determine microemulsion components.HPLC assay was used for determination of the loading content. Results The optimal formulation contained lecithin, ethanol, isopropyl myristate and water (23.30:11.67:52.45:12.59).The microemulsion was physicochemically stable with round shape and uniform size, and the mean droplet size was about 50. 20 nm. Conclusion Microemulsion was developed successfully.It will expect to be the new preparation for troxerutin.

Objective:To explore the regulatory effects of proliferation and apoptosis on THC-8307 by MMS2 siRNA and P53 siRNA.Methods:We experimentally suppressed the MMS2 and P53 expression in human colon cancer cells by the interference RNA technology ( RNAi) as monitored by Real-time qRT-PCR and Western blot.THC-8307 cells that express rate significantly reduced were collected as case group , while using untreated cells as the blank control group , and mock-treated cells as the negative control group.After separately interfering the target genes in each group ,test the relationship and expression level of the two genes.Utilizing flow cytometry techniques to test cells proliferation and apoptosis rate of each group.Results: Compared to the control group , colon cancer cells in which MMS2 and P53 were silenced displayed significant increase of P53,MMS2 mRNA and protein levels(P<0.05).MMS2-depleted cells displayed increase in apoptosis rates ,for both early and later stages ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: MMS2 and P53 negatively regulate each other in colon cancer cells proliferation and apoptosis .

Objective Aspirin has been used extensively in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease,particularly for subjects at high risk such as metabolic syndrome.However,the responsiveness to aspirin treatment may vary among individuals.The present study was conducted to investigate the profile and prevalence of aspirin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods In 221 consecutive patients,platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (0.5mg/ml) was assessed after 10 days of aspirin treatment (200mg/d).Aspirin resistance was defined as mean optical platelet aggregation =20%.Results Aspirin resistance occurred in 39 patients (17.6%).Serum fibrinogen level was higher in patients with than in those without aspirin resistance (2.6_+0.4g/l vs 2.4±0.4g/L,P=0.017).The 2 groups,aspirin resistance group and no aspirin resistance group,did not differ significantly,with regard to gender,age,body mass index,waist-hip ratio,blood pressure level,serum cholesterol level and history of myocardial or cerebral infarction.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only serum fibrinogen level entered the model (odds ratio 2.973,p=0.023).Subgroup analysis further showed that aspirin resistance occurred more in male patients with myocardial infarction (50% vs14.5%,P=0.02) and in female patients with diastolic blood pressure=85mmHg (34% vs 15.5%,P=0.043).But after multifactor logistic regression,in women blood pressure=85mmHg was not a predictor any more.Conclusions In patients with metabolic syndrome,aspirin resistance is not uncommon,especially for men with history of myocardial infarction.Patients with aspirin resistance have an increased serum fibrinogen level.(J Geriatr Cardio12008;5:7-10)

Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of periostin overexpression on migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC) cell line.Methods The recombinant plasmids [ pCMV-neo ( +)-periostin ] and control plasmids [pCMV-neo (+)] were transfected into 6-10B cells using lipofectamine 2000TM reagent.The expression of periostin was detected with PCR and Western blotting .Transwell chamber invasion assay was employed to assay the migration and invasion of 6-10B cells before and after transfection .A gelatin zymogram was used to detect the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cultivated supernatant of 6-10B cells before and after transfection .The expression of integrin-αvβ5 was detected by immunohistochemistry ( IHC) in 6-10Bperiostin cells, 6-10Bvector cells and 6-10B cells as well as normal nasopharyngeal mucosa ( NNM) and NPC and at the same time periostin also was detected by immumohistochemistry in NNM and NPC, and densitometry analysis using image-pro plus 6.0 software, and the correlation between periostin and integrin-αvβ5 on NPC was assayed with statistics .Results Over expression of periostin promoted cell migration and invasion.The expression levels of integrin-αvβ5 in primary NPC and 6-10Bperiostin cells were significantly higher than those in NNM and 6-10Bvector, 6-10B cells.The expression in NPC of integrin-αvβ5 showed positively correlated with the expression of periostin (r=0.682, P<0.01).Conclusion Periostin plays an important role in regulation of cell migration and invasion probably by combining with integrin-αvβ5 to improve the activities of MMPs .

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in both urban and rural areas of China. The current evidence regarding CVD risk factors was primarily established in Western countries, with limited generalizability to the Chinese population. In China, a growing number of population-based prospective cohort studies have emerged that have yielded substantial research data on CVD risk factors in the past five years. The research studies have covered biological risk factors (e.g., blood lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, adiposity), lifestyle risk factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol, diet, physical activity), environmental risk factors (e.g., ambient and indoor air pollution), and risk prediction. This study aimed to systematically review the research progress on CVD risk factors in the Chinese population in the past five years. Prospective studies in China have identified biological, lifestyle, and environmental risk factors for CVD and its main subtypes, along with some protective factors unique to the Chinese (e.g., spicy food and green tea). This review aimed to provide high-quality evidence for achieving the Outline of Healthy China 2030, developing disease prevention guidelines and measures, and deepening efforts for popularization of health knowledge.

Objective To investigate the correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C)levels with carotid atherosclerotic plaque and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods There were 130 cases of elderly patients with T2DM,aged from 60 to 92 years,of whom there were 59 males.All subjects were divided into 3 groups based on the HbA1Clevels:the low level group (HbA1C＜7％,n=49),the middle level group (77％≤HbA1C＜ 8.5 ％,n =58) and the high level group (HbA1C ≥8.5 ％,n=23).Height,body weight,blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipids,HbA1C and other indexes were collected and compared among groups.In addition,carotid ultrasound and PWV examinations were performed.Results There were significant difference in levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP),fasting blood glucose (FBG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),carotid intima-media thickness (IMT),plaque score,plaque stability and PWV among groups (all P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that IMT levels were correlated with gender (r=0.389),age (r=0.296),FBG (r=0.203),HbA1C(r=0.405) and HDL-C (r =-0.208),all P ＜ 0.05.Carotid artery plaque score correlated with gender (r =0.321),age (r =0.355),HbA1C(r=0.340) and HDL-C (r=-0.249) (all P＜0.01)and there is a correlation between the stability of carotid plaques with body mass index (BMI) (r =-0.286),SBP (r =-0.188),HbA1C(r=-0.368) and HDL-C (r=0.405) (all P＜0.05);PWV was correlated with age (r=0.516),SBP (r=0.521),diastolic blood pressure (r=0.225),FBG (r=0.181),HbA1C(r=0.229),triglyceride (r =-0.253),total cholesterol (r=-0.311) and LDL-C (r=-0.244),all P＜ 0.05.Moreover,there was a correlation between IMT and PWV (r =0.234,P ＜ 0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age and HbA1C were independently associated with IMT;gender,age,BMI and HbA1C were independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis plaque score;age,HbA1C and HDL-C were independently associated with the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque;age and SBP were independently associated with PWV.Conclusions HbA1C,SBP,HDL-C and BMI are independent risk factors for arteriosclerosis in elderly diabetics.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Neurotensin is a gut-brain peptide with both inhibitory and excitatory actions on the colonic musculature; our objective was to understand the implications of this for motor patterns occurring in the intact colon of the rat. METHODS: The effects of neurotensin with concentrations ranging from 0.1-100 nM were studied in the intact rat colon in vitro, by investigating spatio-temporal maps created from video recordings of colonic motility before and after neurotensin. RESULTS: Low concentration of neurotensin (0.1-1 nM) inhibited propagating long distance contractions and rhythmic propagating motor complexes; in its place a slow propagating rhythmic segmental motor pattern developed. The neurotensin receptor 1 antagonist SR-48692 prevented the development of the segmental motor pattern. Higher concentrations of neurotensin (10 nM and 100 nM) were capable of restoring long distance contraction activity and inhibiting the segmental activity. The slow propagating segmental contraction showed a rhythmic contraction—relaxation cycle at the slow wave frequency originating from the interstitial cells of Cajal associated with the myenteric plexus pacemaker. High concentrations given without prior additions of low concentrations did not evoke the segmental motor pattern. These actions occurred when neurotensin was given in the bath solution or intraluminally. The segmental motor pattern evoked by neurotensin was inhibited by the neural conduction blocker lidocaine. CONCLUSIONS: Neurotensin (0.1-1 nM) inhibits the dominant propulsive motor patterns of the colon and a distinct motor pattern of rhythmic slow propagating segmental contractions develops. This motor pattern has the hallmarks of haustral boundary contractions.
Absorption ; Animals ; Baths ; Colon* ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; Lidocaine ; Myenteric Plexus ; Neural Conduction ; Neurotensin* ; Peristalsis ; Rats* ; Receptors, Neurotensin ; Video Recording

Objective To explore the effect of silencing Rev1 gene on the proliferation and apoptosis induction of human colon cancer cell line THC8307 after X-ray irradiation.Methods Rev1 siRNA was transferred into THC8307 cells and its transferring efficiency was tested by RT-PCR and Western blot assay.The cells were divided into blank control group,negative control group and radiation group.After 6 Gy irradiation,cell proliferation were detected by MTI assay,cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry (FCM),and the expressions of PCNA,γ-H2AX,P53,Bax,and Bcl-2 proteins in each group were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the blank control group,after 6 Gy irradiation,the proliferation rate of the silenced Rev1 was reduced (t =7.53,P ＜ 0.05) and apoptosis rate was increased (t =6.23,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of PCNA and Bcl-2 decreased (t =4.39,6.13 P ＜0.05),and the expressions of γ-H2AX,P53 and Bax increased (t =5.48,5.09,3.32,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Silencing Rev1 gene inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells,promotes apoptosis,and increases cell radiosensitivity to X-rays.

Metabonomics is a life science research that uses high-throughput omics technology to identify and quantify all metabolites and has been widely used to examine the etiology of cardiometabolic diseases in recent years. As a significant component of systemic epidemiology, metabolomics provides insights into disease etiology from the perspective of metabolic changes. Research questions of metabolomics include assessing the associations of metabolites with cardiometabolic diseases, discovering novel biomarkers, and constructing risk prediction models. This article reviews the applications of metabolomics in the etiological research on type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and subclinical atherosclerosis, as well as recent advance and future perspectives.

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is an infectious disease that most often affects the lungs. China is still among the high-burden tuberculosis countries in the world. Although the estimated incidence of tuberculosis in China has declined in recent years, the declining rate is slow. It still faces major issues such as a slower rate of decline, a widening gap between estimated and notified incidence, higher risk among middle-aged and older adults, a high number of cases among agriculture and related workers, and a heavier disease burden in the country's western regions. In addition, latent tuberculosis infection, drug-resistant tuberculosis, tuberculosis coinfection with HIV, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis have also exacerbated the disease burden of tuberculosis to some extent. This paper reviewed the epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis, the epidemiological triad, three links and two factors in the transmission process, the disease burden, and other aspects to provide a reference for formulating prevention and control strategies on tuberculosis.