Immune factors play an important role in recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA),and immune imbalance affects embryo implantation,growth,and development.There is currently no consensus on the etiology and pathogenesis of RSA caused by immune factors.Based on the theory of latent toxic in TCM and combined with the pathological mechanism of the dynamic changes of immune abnormal substances in the body,this article proposed that latent toxic is the key cause of RSA caused by immune factors.Furthermore,it expounded the pathogenic characteristics of latent toxic:combination of heat and blood stasis hidden in the womb,and latent toxic plays a role in embryo formation under qi deficiency conditions.It is established that latent toxin stagnation in the membrane is the pathogenic mechanism.Moreover,this article revealed the variable pathological changes such as the blockage of the inner membrane system and the outer membrane system.Treatment should be based on the basic methods of tonifying qi and nourishing blood,tonifying kidney to secure the Thoroughfare Vessel,clearing heat and cooling blood,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.This article could provide a theoretical basis for TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of RSA caused by immune factors.

Objective: To understand epidemiology and associated factors of delay for tuberculosis in schools of Jiaxing, and to provide basis for the strategy of pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control in schools. Methods: Based on the Tuberculosis Management Information System, the information of school tuberculosis cases in Jiaxing from 2011 to 2020 was collected, and the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results: A total of 436 student pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 46 teacher pulmonary tuberculosis patients were reported in Jiaxing from 2011 to 2020. The average annual incidence rate in teachers (10.70/100 000) was higher than that in students (6.16/100 000) ( χ 2=13.06， P <0.05). The incidence rate of school pulmonary tuberculosis (6.59/100 000) was lower than that in the whole population (37.91/100 000) ( χ 2=184.63， P ＜ 0.05 ). The school pulmonary tuberculosis patients mainly occurred from March to May, accounted for 11.62%,11.00%,9.96% respectively. The incidence rate of school pulmonary tuberculosis patients in county level was lower than in urban district in 2012, and higher than in urban district in 2017 and 2020( χ 2=4.61，5.72，4.02， P <0.05). Most student pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged from 15 to 19 years old, the percentage was higher in males(90) than in females(75) in students. The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in primary school and junior high school teachers was higher than that in the same students ( χ 2=24.34， 14.87 ， P ＜0.05). Passive case finding including clinical symptomatic inspection and referrals was the main way to find cases. The detection delay rate was 34.23%. Conclusion Early detection, prompt and scientific treatment, shortening the delay time were key to prevent the spread of the school tuberculosis. It is of great significance to reduce the occurrence of clustering in outbreak and public health emergency.

Gelatin microspheres were discussed as a scaffold material for bone tissue engineering, with the advantages of its porosity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and biosafety highlighted. This review discusses how bone regeneration is aided by the three fundamental components of bone tissue engineering-seed cells, bioactive substances, and scaffold materials-and how gelatin microspheres can be employed for in vitro seed cell cultivation to ensure efficient expansion. This review also points out that gelatin microspheres are advantageous as drug delivery systems because of their multifunctional nature, which slows drug release and improves overall effectiveness. Although gelatin microspheres are useful for bone tissue creation, the scaffolds that take into account their porous structure and mechanical characteristics might be difficult to be created. This review then discusses typical techniques for creating gelatin microspheres, their recent application in bone tissue engineering, as well as possible future research directions.
Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry* ; Gelatin/chemistry* ; Microspheres ; Bone and Bones ; Porosity