ObjectiveTo compare the responsiveness and precision between the 66 items version of Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM-66) and 88 items version(GMFM-88).Methods173 children with cerebral palsy(male 126,female 47) who have received twice assessments were involved.All the second assessment were performed 3.8±4.3 months later.112 children received the third assessment 3.2±2.2 months after the second assessment.The effect size and relative precision between the GMFM-66 and GMFM-88 were analyzed.ResultsThe effect size of GMFM-66 between every two assessments was nearly the same as those of GMFM-88.The precision of GMFM-66 was not lower than that of GMFM-88.ConclusionThe interval-scale GMFM-66 has satisfying responsiveness and precision.It is more useful than GMFM-88 in measuring the treating effect of children with cerebral palsy.

Objective To investigate the development and the risk factor of hip dislocation about children with cerebral palsy. Methods 90 children with cerebral palsy were divided with Chinese version of Gross Motor Function Classification System （GMFCS） and type of cerebral palsy. Their femoral head migration percentage was measured. Results The quadriplegia children were in the biggest risk of hip dislocation, hemiplegia children were the minimum; GMFCS Ⅰ children were in the lowest risk of hip dislocation, GMFCS Ⅴ children were the highest. Conclusion The abnormal development of the hip is correlative with the type of cerebral palsy and motor function in spastic cerebral palsy children.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the orthopedic effect of presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) devices on the palatal deformities in unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCCLP) patients.

METHODSThree groups with 19 patients each were studied. All samples in groups A and B were non-syndromic UCCLP children. Group A was treated with PNAM prior to operation. Group B was untreated prior to operation. Samples in group C were normally developed nose and lip palate infants aged three months. The orthotopic palate photos before and after PNAM treatment for group A, as well as pre-operative photos of groups B and group C, were taken and measured. All statistics were analyzed using SPSS 21.0.

RESULTSPNAM treatment significantly increased the AW, AC, and PA of UCCLP patients (P < 0.05), whereas CPW, CWA, CWAS, CWAH, PMD, and CA significantly decreased (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed with the cases in group C (P < 0.05). The AW, CPW, CA, and PA of the patients in group B significantly increased compared with the cases in group A before PNAM treatment (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that TW had no statistically significant difference among the three groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPNAM treatment is a non-surgical early treatment for the effective improvement of palatal primary deformities in UCCLP patients.

Alveolar Process ; Child ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Humans ; Infant ; Nose ; Preoperative Care ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

Objective: To quantify the effect of motor-developmental Tuina therapy on 61children with cerebral palsy. Methods: All the children received the motor-developmental Tuina therapy for 20 min each time, 3 to 6 times per week. The gross motor functions of the children were evaluated by GMFM 66. The baseline period evaluations in 15 children and follow-up period evaluations in 26 children were performed. Results: GMFM 66 score significantly increased at the end of treatment period (P<0.001). The GMFM 66 score changes per month in treatment period was significantly greater than those of both baseline period and follow-up period (P<0.001). Conclusion: The effect of motor-developmental Tuina therapy was notable on children with cerebral palsy. Continuous progress of the gross motor functions in these children may be obtained by continuous therapy.

Objective To explore the characteristics of gross motor development in 1～6-year-old children with cerebral palsy at different levels. Methods 708 children (487 males and 221 females, age range: 1～6 years, from 6 rehabilitation centers in Shanghai) with cerebral palsy (CP) were assessed with Chinese version of Gross Motor Function Classification System （GMFCS） and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Distributions of GMFM scores at different GMFCS levels in children with cerebral palsy were analyzed. Results The GMFM-66 scores increased most in children with GMFCS Level Ⅰ, and more than 75% of them would be greater than 67 points in GMFM-66 score after the age of 48～50 months. The children with GMFCS Level Ⅱ～Ⅳ appeared similar increasing range of GMFM-66 scores in 1～6 years old. Less than 25% of the children at GMFCS Level Ⅱ would be greater than 67 points in GMFM-66 score before the age of 6 years, more than 50% of those at GMFCS Level Ⅲ would be less than 56 points, more than 75% of those at GMFCS Level Ⅳ couldn't exceed 46 points （except groups of 54～56 months and 66～68 months）. Compared with the children with other GMFCS levels, the GMFM-66 scores were always at very low level in children with GMFCS Level V, and trended to decrease with time after 5 years old. Conclusion The characteristics of gross motor development are different in children with cerebral palsy at different GMFCS levels.