BACKGROUND:There are many methods in the clinic to treat pelvic fractures, mainly conservative treatment, internal fixation and external fixation. Conservative treatment often causes complications due to poor reduction after fractures. Fixation has good effects on repair of unstable fractures, but fixation is seldom used for pelvic fractures.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of internal fixation on unstable pelvic fractures, and compare with conservative treatment and external fixation.
METHODS:126 cases of unstable pelvic fractures from Longhua District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen City from January 2008 to June 2014 were divided into three groups:conservative treatment group, external fixation group and internal fixation group (n=42). After treatment, patients received X-ray examination. Lindahl imaging criteria were used as evidence. The quality of fracture reduction was evaluated. Patients were regularly fol owed up after treatment. The recovery of limb function was evaluated according to Majeed standard. Repair effects, the excel ent and good rates of fracture healing and cal us growth were evaluated in the last fol ow-up.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During the last fol ow-up, the total efficiency was 81%in the internal fixation group, 69%in the conservative treatment group, and 71%in the external fixation group, and results were significantly better in the internal fixation group than in the other two groups (P<0.05). The Lindahl and Majeed scores were significantly higher in the internal fixation group than in the other two groups (P<0.05). These results suggest that internal fixation for unstable pelvic fracture obtained better recovery effects and efficiency than conservative treatment and external fixation. Thus, the internal fixation is more suitable for patients with unstable pelvic fractures.

Abstract With the development of society, the health and well being of children and adolescents are receiving increasing attention from the government and scholars. The implementation of the health (promoting) school construction plan has a significant effect on promoting students health and well being, which is especially important in the normalized stage of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control. The study summarizes the importance of health (promoting) schools for students health and well being, reviews the development of health (promoting) school construction in China, and proposes countermeasures and recommendations to further promote health (promoting) school construction in China in the light of the new era.

Abstract Subjective social status and life skill level are important influencing factors of adolescent health risk behaviors, and they interact with each other and jointly act on adolescent health risk behaviors, which make the mechanism of adolescent health risk behaviors become more diverse and complex. The current paper reviews the correlations among subjective social status, life skill level and adolescent health risk behaviors, in order to explore the joint influence of subjective social status and life skill level on adolescent health risk behaviors, then provides future directions for exploring possible mechanisms, and proposes recommendations for effective prevention strategies of adolescent health risk behaviors.

Objective: To understand the characteristics of KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice) related to the prevention of AIDS among young male MSM (man sex with man) in China, and to evaluate the comprehensive ability of AIDS prevention and associated factors to provide a scientific basis for the development of MSM AIDS prevention and control. Methods: From November to December 2019, sampling was recruited by using snowball sampling methods centered on Beijing and Tianjin. A cross-sectional survey of 222 young students MSM was conducted through an online questionnaire with information of general demographic characteristics, sexual behavior and HIV testing, psychological status and comprehensive ability to prevent AIDS. Results: Average score on comprehensive AIDS prevention knowledge was (87.64±6.41),with knowledge,attitude,and behavior score of (11.32±1.67)(54.87±3.36) and (52.18±4.30) respectively.The pass rate of knowledge, attitude, practice related to AIDS prevention were respectively 95.5%, 56.3%, and 27.0%. The separation rate of knowledge from belief was 42.8%, the separation rate of knowledge from behavior was 71.2%, and the separation rate of faith from information was 48.2%. Whether have received AIDS prevention education was related to knowledge qualification rate (P<0.01). Conclusion Current AIDS education is associated with the knowledge level of AIDS prevention among young MSM groups, but it is not enough to improve their attitudes and behaviors. The comprehensive ability of MSM in preventing AIDS among young students is still not optimistic. Intervention measures need to be further strengthened to improve the comprehensive ability of young students MSM group to prevent AIDS.

Objective: The proposal of this study is to determine the feasibility of using online social software to guide popular opinion leaders(POLs) among young students MSM (men who have sex with men, MSM) carrying out comprehensive AIDS prevention in young students MSM. Methods: From November to December 2019 in Tianjin, 22 POLs who had previously experienced AIDS prevention education and training foucus on life skills were recruited. Though snowball sampling method, 100 POLs partners (friends, sexual partners, classmates, etc) were invited into the study. From January to March 2020, regular posters will be sent through the WeChat platform to guide POL to intervene their partners/sexual partners. The questionnaire surveys were conducted before and after the intervention. Results: After the intervention, both the proportion of young students MSM had sex and with multiple sex partners decreased(χ2=12.12, 5.94, P<0.05). The comprehensive ability of AIDS prevention has improved significantly, the "National Eight Items" correct rate has risen from 90.0% to 99.0%(χ2=5.82, 7.56, P<0.05), and the "Youth Eight Items" correct rate has increased from 86.0% to 98.0%(P<0.01). Knowledge score increased from(11.08±1.89) to (11.84±1.27); Attitude score increased from (54.29±4.01) to (56.06±3.75), the behavior score increased from (52.12±4.78) to (55.08±4.25), skill score increased from (51.96±4.75) to (54.67±5.04), The comprehensive prevention ability score (percent) increased from (87.30±6.95) to (91.86±5.42)(t=-4.21, -3.51, -5.32, -5.16, -6.45, P<0.01). Conclusion Using Wechat platform to guide POL carrying out comprehensive AIDS prevention is effective for improving the comprehensive AIDS prevention ability of young students MSM.

Objective: To understand the characteristics of sexual partners and the influence of having multiple sexual partners on substance use among young male students man who have sex with men (MSM) in China, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS among young MSM students. Methods: A mixed recruitment method of snowball sampling and respondent driven sampling was used to recruit young MSM students in Beijing and Tianjin, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among 220 participants from November to December 2019. Chi-square test and generalized linear model multi-factor Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of substance use before sexual behavior. Results: The average age of them was (22.39±2.57) years old, 84.5% of them were students, the average age of first sexual behavior was (18.83±2.45) years old, 44.1% of them had two or more sexual partners (including fixed sexual partners, temporary sexual partners and commercial sexual partners), 22.7% had more than one male fixed partner. After adjusting for age and education, having multiple sexual partners was risk factor for drinking alcohol before sex (aOR=2.97) or substance abuse (aOR=2.39). Having male temporary sexual partner was an risk factor in substance use before sexual behavior(OR=4.10). Conclusion The characteristics of sexual partners among young MSM students are complex, and the proportion of multiple sexual partners is high. Having fixed single sexual partner can reduce the risk of substance use before sexual behavior. AIDS prevention education for young MSM students should be further strengthened.

Objective: To preliminarily develop the Infectious Disease Prevention Health Literacy Scale for Chinese Middle School Students, as an important measuring tool for assessment of comprehensive abilities in infectious disease prevention of Chinese middle school students. Methods: The basic dimensional framework and item pool were established by literature review in the view of public health. Then Delphi method was used to modify the framework and item pool to scale 1.0. Panel discussion in middle school students was used to adjust the expression and structure of scale 1.0, turning it into scale 2.0. With the confirmation of theory experts subjects, the scale was preliminarily developed. Results: Literature review suggested that the basic dimension framework included five longitudinal dimensions and seven horizontal dimensions. According to Delphi method ( n =18), the Kendall s coefficient of concordance ( W ) of the scale was equal to 0.14 ( P <0.01), the average importance, proportion of full marks, coefficient of variation and weight coefficient of all dimensions and items met the inclusion criteria. According to panel discussion, the scale was finally adjusted into scale 2.0 with 53 items. Conclusion This study preliminarily established the Infectious Disease Prevention Health Literacy Scale for Chinese Middle School Students, which might be applied in both scientific research and practical use.

Objective: To understand the current situation regarding sex education in home and school settings in China, and to provide a scientific basis for more effective family and school sex education. Methods: Using a convenient sampling method, a crosssectional survey of students from grade 7 to grade 9 in Beijing, Liaoning, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan and Henan was carried out from September to December 2021. The questionnaire covered general demographic information, sex education at home and school, and the status of comprehensive sexuality education. Finally, 4 109 valid questionnaires were collected. Results: A total of 760(18.50%) middle school students had not received any form of sex education, 923(22.46%) had only received sex education at school, 299(7.28%) had only received sex education at home, and 2 127 (51.76%) had received sex education at home and at school. The scores related to junior middle school students knowledge of comprehensive sexuality education was (12.43±2.89) points, the attitude score was (47.86±5.31) points, the behavior score was (40.44±5.18) points, and the comprehensive level score was (82.02±9.01) points. Junior middle school students who received sex education at home and in school had the highest comprehensive level of sex education( P <0.01). Junior middle school students who only received sex education at school had a higher comprehensive sexuality education knowledge level than those who only received sex education at home( P < 0.01 ). The level of comprehensive sexuality education behavior among junior middle school students who only received family sex education was significantly higher than among those who only received sex education at school( P <0.01). Conclusion Receiving sex education in both home and school settings can effectively improve the comprehensive sexuality education competency among junior middle school students. School based sex education should be further implemented in the future and family sex education should be encouraged.

Abstract Improving health literacy can effectively reduce the risk of health risk behaviors and adverse health outcomes in children and adolescents. Global research on health literacy of children and adolescents has been increasing in recent years. The paper reviews the existing research and proposes that there is no universal definition and connotation of health literacy for children and adolescents, most of the studies use or make some revisions on the definition of adult health literacy in child and adolescent health literacy, failing to consider developmental characteristics and unique health needs of children and adolescents. Moreover, the assessment index system and instruments are diversified, making the research findings from different studies difficult to compare, and to obtain consistent and reliable conclusions. Future endeavors are encoouraged to expand health literacy researches and to update more comprehensive and practical definition, and to develop a standardized assessment instrument that can be validated in Chinese culture.

AIM: To observe the effect of phacoemulsification with corneoscleral limbus incision on cataract.METHODS: Prospective study. A total of 84 cases(84 eyes)of cataract patients admitted to our hospital from October 2021 to December 2022 were randomly grouped into two groups using the random number table method. The control group consisted of 42 cases(42 eyes)that underwent phacoemulsification with upper transparent corneal incision, while the study group consisted of 42 cases(42 eyes)that underwent phacoemulsification with corneoscleral limbus incision. The uncorrected visual acuity, astigmatism, ocular surface function, corneal sensitivity, and complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in uncorrected visual acuity between the two groups of patients before and after surgery, as well as over time(both P<0.05). The uncorrected visual acuity of both groups showed a decreasing trend before and after surgery at 4 and 12 wk(both P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in preoperative and postoperative astigmatism and corneal fluorescein staining(FLS)scores between the two groups of patients, as well as at different time points(both P<0.05). The astigmatism and FLS scores of the two groups of patients showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing before and after surgery at 4 and 12 wk(both P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in breakup time of tear film(BUT)between the two groups of patients before and after surgery(both P<0.05); the BUT of both groups of patients showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing before and after surgery at 4 and 12 wk(both P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt), upper corneal sensitivity, and central corneal sensitivity between the two groups of patients before and after surgery, as well as at different times(all P<0.05). The SⅠt, upper corneal sensitivity, and central corneal sensitivity of the two groups of patients showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing before and after surgery at 4 and 12 wk(all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications between the control group(12%, 5/42)and the study group(14%, 6/42; χ2=0.105, P=0.746).CONCLUSION: Compared to the phacoemulsification with upper transparent corneal incision, the phacoemulsification with corneoscleral limbus incision can reduce the adverse effects on uncorrected visual acuity, astigmatism, ocular surface function, and corneal sensitivity in patients with cataract, and does not increase the incidence of complications.