The in vitro antitumor activity of bakuchiol was exploited, compared with tamoxifen. The result of biological activities showed that bakuchiol could inhibit human breast cancer and the IC50 values were 2.89 x 10(-5) mol L(-1) and 8.29 x 10(-3) mol L(-1) against the cells line T-47D and MDA-MB-231 respectively. On the other hand, the key intermediate to synthesize bakuchiol was obtained by the method of Ireland-Claisen rearrangement. Comparing with traditional Claisen rearrangement, the reaction conditions are milder and the reaction reagents are safer.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) versus repeated intermittent veno-venous hemofiltration (RIVVH) on patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods Fifty-six patients with SAP were randomly divided into the CVVH group (n =28) and the RIVVH group (n =28).The clinical symptoms and signs,the APACHE Ⅱ and MODS scores,the result of biochemistry including amylase and lipase,and the plasma levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL8 before and after treatment,the duration of mechanical ventilation,boosting drug application time,the length of stay in ICU,the surgical intervention rate and the mortality were compared between the two groups.Results The clinical symptoms improved in the two groups after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).The APACHE Ⅱ and MODS scores were all reduced in the two groups after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).When compared with the RIVVH group,the result of biochemistry including amylase and lipase,and the plasma levels of TNF-α,IL6,IL-8 were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).The duration of mechanical ventilation,the length of stay in ICU and the mortality were also significantly decreased in the CVVH group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CVVH was more efficacious than RIVVH in the treatment of SAP.

Objective To evaluate the effect of continuous blood purification (CBP) on cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type Ⅰ.Methods Clinical data of 42 patients with CRS type [at our hospital were collected from January 2012 to June 2014.We observed and compared changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate,respiration rate,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ score,and urinary volume before and 5 days after CBP.Meanwhile,levels of serum creatinine (Scr),cysteine proteinase inhibitor Cystatin C (CysC),serum creatinine (cTn) and B-type natriuretic peptid (BNP) were monitored.In addition,dynamic changes in cardiac index (CI),intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBI),global end-diastolic volume index (GEDI),central venous pressure (CVP),and extravascular lung water index (ELVWI) were monitored using the pulse induced contour cardic output plus monitoring system (PiCCO plus),and changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before and 5 days after CBP was measured by color Doppler ultrasound.Results There was no significant difference in MAP in patients with CRS type Ⅰ before and 5 days after CBP (P=0.08).Tacbycardia and tachypnea improved,while urine volume increased and the APACHE Ⅱ score decreased significantly,5 days after CBP(allP＜0.05).Plasma levels of Scr,CysC,cTn and BNP after treatment were lower than those before treatment [(126.8±68.3) μmol/L vs.(413.6±126.1) μmol/L,(1.1±0.8) g/L vs.(4.1±1.1) g/L,(2.6±0.4) μg/L vs.(3.5± 0.7) μg/L,(807.6±427.7) ng/L vs.(3300.3±567.6) ng/L,all P＜0.05)].Myocardial contractility,cardiac preload and lung related parameters also significantly improved after CBP (allP ＜0.05).Conclusions CBP can alleviate clinical symptoms of CRS type Ⅰ,improve cardiac and renal function,and is promising as an important auxiliary measure for the treatment of patients with cardiorenal syndrome type Ⅰ.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different blood purification modes on patients with hyperlipidemic pancreatitis (HLP).Methods 28 patients with HLP in our department were enrolled into this study from January 2010 to June 2013.The patients were randomly divided into the HP/CVVH group (15 patients) and CVVH group (13 patients).The clinical symptoms and signs of the two groups were observed.The plasma levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8,blood triglyceride and APACHE Ⅱ score before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.The duration of mechanical ventilation,ICU stay and mortality rate were compared between the two groups.Results The clinical symptoms improved in the two groups after treatment.The plasma levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8,blood triglyceride and APACHE Ⅱ score were all reduced.However,the plasma levels of TNF-o,IL-6,IL-8,blood triglyceride and APACHE Ⅱ score in the HP/CVVH group were lower than the CVVH group at the same time points,showing significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The duration of mechanical ventilation,ICU stay and mortality rate decreased in the HP/CVVH group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HP/CVVH was more efficacious in the treatment of HLP.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of linezolid in the treatment of severe lung infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Methods Fifteen patients admitted to ICU due to severe lung infection caused by MRSA received linezolid treatment. WBC, lactic acid (LAC), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were measured before and after treatment. Results Clinical efficacy rate was 73.3%. The level of WBC, LAC and inflammatory cytokines decreased significantly after linezolid treatment (P<0.01).Conclusions Linezolid shows good efficacy in the treatment of severe lung infections caused by MRSA.

Objective To systematically analyze and evaluate the association between the peptidylarginine deiminaseⅣ(PADI4) gene and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on the published data,and to provide evidence for the pathogenesis of RA.Methods By selecting five SNPs in PADI4 (rs11203366,rs11203367,rs874881,rs2240340,rs1748033) which had been extensively examined.Meta-analysis on each SNP was performed step by step according to Hugenet manual to investigate the association of the polymorphisms of the PADI4 gene with RA.Results This Meta-analysis enrolled 15 659 RA patients and 22 019 healthy controls from 21 studies worldwide.It demonstrated that rs11203366,rs11203367,rs2240340 and rs 1748033 confered susceptibility to RA in Asian ethnicity (P＜0.01,0.03,＜0.01,＜0.01),while rsl1203366,rsl1203367 and rs874881 confered susceptibility to RA in Caucasian of European ancestry (P=0.0002,0.004,0.03).It also shown that no significant association between rs874881 and RA in the Asian ethnicity populations (P=0.2),or rs2240340,rs1748033 and RA in Caucasian of European ancestry (P=0.18,0.1 ).A linkage disequilibrium study was also performed.The LD study showed that rs11203366,rs11203367,rs874881,rs2240340 and rs1748033 were in linkage disequilibrium both in the Asian ethnicity and Caucasian,which was basically inconsistent with the results of Meta-analysis.The conflicting results should be explained by many aspects such as bias in sample selection,genotyping,and the stratification.Conclusion The PADI4 genotype is partially associated with RA,and the underling mechanisms need further study.Haplotype based research and Metaanalysis would be valuable.

Objective To test plasma levels of uPA,uPAR,D-dimer,IL-6 and TNF-α,and observe the relationships between uPA,uPAR and D-dimer,IL-6,TNF-αin patients with SIRS.Methods A prospective,clinical case-control study was adopted.Cases were collected from our hospital in January 2008 to January 2010,and all were ＞ 55 years of age.Venous blood samples were collected via routine venipuncture.Eighty-five patients were divided into two groups according to diagnostic criteria of SIRS:SIRS group collected from Intensive Care Unit ( n =50) and non SIRS group collected from medical ward ( n =35).The control group comprised 30 unrelated healthy blood donors who visited the General Health Checkup Division at our hospital.Patients with (1) pregnant women; (2) cancer; (3) died after admitted into ICU in 7 days; (4) after cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; ( 5 ) with previous blood system diseases; (6) patients with SIRS before admitted into ICU were excluded from the study.uPA,uPAR,D-D,IL-6 and TNF-α in blood were detected by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.The data was analyzed using SPSS version17.0.Data accorded with normal distribution of measurement was expressed as mean ± standard,and analyzed by independent-samples t test; non-normal distribution of measurement data,expressed by median,was analyzed with Mann-Whitney test.Relationships between plasma levels of uPA,uPAR and D-dimer,IL-6 TNF-α were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation test.To compare with blood level of uPA,uPAR,IL-6 and TNF-α in SIRS patients in the application of diagnostic value of MODS,we constructed the receiver operating characteristic curve ( ROC curve) for blood levels of uPA,uPAR,IL-6 and TNF-α in 24 h.Results The plasma levels of uPA,uPAR,D-dimer,IL-6 and TNF-αin patients of SIRS were obviously higher compared with non-SIRS and normal controls ( all P ＜ 0.01 ).Correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between uPAR level and IL-6 level (r =0.395,P =0.004) ; there was positive correlation between uPAR level and TNF-αlevel ( r =0.606,P ＜0.01 ).There was no correlation between uPAR levd and D-dimer level ( r =- 0.069,P =0.632).There was no correlation between uPA level and D-dimer,IL-6 or TNF-α ( all p ＞ 0.05).There ROC curve were made based on the abilities of uPAR,D-dimer,IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in 24 hours to diagnose MODS,and the ROC areas under the curves were 0.76,0.58,0.86,0.83 respectively.Conclusions These results demonstrate that uPA and uPAR play a major contributory role in patients with SIRS in the process of coagulation disorders,but the mechanism in SIRS is not the same.uPAR may play a central rolein the development of SIRS to MODS.

Artificial knee joint simulation test is an important form in the research and evaluation of prosthetic material and design. Natural knee joint could not be tested by conventional instruments because of complex motion and load in movement. Simulation test designed for artificial knee is needed. At present, two kinds of simulation, namely simplification method and complete simulation, are widely used. Complete simulation can be used for simultaneous evaluation of material and design of prosthesis, whereas simplification method is only useful in evaluating the material of prosthesis. In international standards, there are already two protocols for artificial knee joint experiment, namely load control and displacement control. This paper also reviews the evaluation criteria and measurement standards for artificial knee joint simulation test, and then envisages the researches in future.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; instrumentation ; Computer Simulation ; Computer-Aided Design ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; methods ; Humans ; Knee Prosthesis ; Prosthesis Design ; methods

Objective:To compare the biomechanical properties of different circular external fixators for the fracture site of oblique long bone fractures.Methods:15 polyethylene (PE) plastic rods with the same batch were selected to make the model of oblique fractures in the middle of long bones. According to the connection between PE rods and external fixators, the PE rods were randomly divided into: the group that was simply used kirschner wires (group kirschner wires), the group that was simply used olive wires (group olive wires), the group that was simply inserted half pins (group half pins), the group that was inserted single cortical fixed half pins at either side of the fracture site after being fixed by the tensioned olive wires (group olive wires+ half pin), the group that was inserted tensioned trans-fracture olive wires after being fixed by the tensioned olive wires (group olive wires+ olive wires). The axial compression tests were carried out, and the interfragmentary displacements under axial loads of 200 N, 400 N, 600 N and 800 N were measured and the axial stiffness was calculated. Then, the torsional tests were carried out, and the interfragmentary torsional angles were measured under torsional loads of 4 N·m, 7 N·m and 10 N·m, and the torsional stiffness was calculated.Results:With the increase of axial load from 200 N to 800 N, the axial interfragmentary displacement in each group gradually increased. The interfragmentary axial displacement of each group in ascending order was: group olive wires+ olive wires, group olive wires+ half pins, group half pins, group olive wires, group kirschner wires. The axial stiffness of each configuration under 800 N axial load in descending order was: group olive wires+ olive wires [863.93 (824.32, 875.87) N/mm], group olive wires+ half pins [119.92 (113.16, 123.58) N/mm], group half pins [81.92(79.42, 82.40) N/mm], group olive wires [76.83 (72.45,79.47) N/mm], group kirschner wires [70.80 (67.49, 71.59) N/mm]. The pairwise comparisons of the axial stiffness data of each configuration had statistical significance (all P <0.05). With the increase of the torque load from 4 N·m to 10 N·m, the interfragmentary rotational angle in each configuration gradually increased. The interfragmentary torsion angle of each group in ascending order was: group half pins, group olive wires+ olive wires, group olive wires+ half pins, group olive wires, group kirschner wires. The torsional rigidity of each configuration under 10 N·m torsional load in descending order was: group half pins [1.80 (1.63, 1.85) N·m/°], group olive wires+ olive wires [1.05 (1.02, 1.07) N·m/°], group olive wires+ half pins [0.99 (0.98, 1.03) N·m/°], group olive wires [0.81 (0.78, 0.82) N·m/°], group kirschner wires [0.75 (0.74, 0.76) N·m/°]. The pairwise comparisons of the torsional rigidity data of each configuration had statistical significance (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:The axial stiffness and torsional stiffness of circular external fixators can be increased by using tensioned olive wires or half pins at the fracture site. Due to the insufficient support between oblique fracture site, when the load is applied, the axial displacement and torsion angle of the fracture site will still be fairly large after being fixed the fracture site with half pins. Treating with tensioned trans-fracture olive wires after being fixed by the tensioned olive wires at either side of the fracture site can effectively control the interfragmentary shear and displacement, thus providing an ideal mechanical environment for fracture healing.

Objective:To investigate the effect of low-dose ketamine on neuroinflammation and microcirculation in mice with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:Sixty adult male C57BL/6 mice, weighing 22-28 g, were randomly divided into sham-operated group, TBI group, Sham+ketamine group, and TBI+ketamine group ( n=15). A controlled cortical impingement (CCI) method was used to establish TBI models in the later 2 groups. Sham+ketamine group and TBI+ketamine group were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg ketamine once daily for 3 d at 30 min after TBI; sham-operated group and TBI group were intraperitoneally injected same amount of saline at the same time points. Cerebral cortical blood flow in 6 mice from each group was measured by laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) before, immediately after, 30 min after, 1 d after and 3 d after modeling, respectively. Three d after modeling, immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescent double label staining were used to detect the nuclear translocation of microglia markers, ionized calcin-antibody-1 (Iba-1) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 in damaged cortical brain tissues in 6 mice from each group. The remaining 3 mice in each group were sacrificed and tissue plasma was extracted 3 d after modeling; levels of NF-κB p65, phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB p65, p-IκB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cortical brain tissues were detected by Western blotting. Expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1-β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), iNOS, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in cortical brain tissues were detected by ELISA. Results:LSCI indicated that, 3 d after modeling, relative blood flow in local cerebral microcirculation of TBI+ketamine group was significantly increased compared with that of TBI group ( P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining indicated that compared with the sham-operated group and Sham+ketamine group, the TBI group and TBI+ketamine group had significantly increased number of Iba-1 positive cells in the cerebral cortex ( P<0.05); compared with the TBI group, the TBI+ketamine group had significantly decreased number of Iba-1 positive cells ( P<0.05). ELISA indicated that compared with the sham-operated group and Sham+ketamine group, the TBI group and TBI+ketamine group had significantly increased expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, ROS and RNS in damaged cortical brain tissues ( P<0.05); compared with the TBI group, the TBI+ ketamine group had significantly decreased expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, ROS and RNS in damaged cortical brain tissues ( P<0.05). Immunofluorescent double label staining indicated obviously inhibited NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in TBI+ketamine group when it was compared with TBI group. Western blotting indicated that compared with the sham-operated group and Sham+ketamine group, the TBI+ketamine group had significantly increased iNOS, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65 and P-IκB protein expressions in damaged cortical brain tissues ( P<0.05); compared with the TBI group, the TBI+ketamine group had significantly decreased protein expressions of iNOS, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκB in damaged cortical brain tissues ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Low-dose ketamine reduces neuroinflammation and improves cerebral microcirculatory blood flow after open TBI, whose mechanism may be related to inhibition of microglia NF-κB/iNOS pathway.