Myopia is an important public health issue.Great attention has been paid to myopia in children and teenager since its incidence is progressing rapidly worldwide, especially in Asia.Although there are substantial reports on both myopia progression and its risk factors in children and teenager, challenges are encountered when attempting to compare results among individual studies due to different population, definition of myopia, cycloplegic eye drops, refraction methods, and so on.This review aimed to summarize the reports on myopia progression and its risk factors such as age, gender, refractive state, near work, outdoor activities, parental myopia, or parental bearing age in children and teenager (＜18 years) since 1990.

Objective To study the dynamic CT features of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in recovery phase, and to analyze the correlative remaining factors on CT images. Methods Total 50 patients with SARS were followed-up with chest spiral CT and HRCT in 3, 6, 9, 14, 24 months after onset. Results (1)The pulmonary lesions were completely absorbed in 24 cases in 3 months, 30 cases in 6 months and 37 cases in 24 months. Abnormal CT findings were showed in 13 patients later, which appeared ground-glass opacity 8,irregular lines 6, thickening of interlobular septa 4, subpleural lines 2 and bronchiectasis 2. (2)Reviewing the lesions on CT between the remained group in the third month and the absorption group, there was a difference in the extent and the progress of the lesions .(3) There was a difference of the appearance rate of remaining lesion in lungs in two groups (≥40 ages and

Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical application of 2 μm thulium laser in pulmonary nodules resection under VATS.Methods 61 patients,undergoing thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules in thoracic department of Xuanwu Hospital,were identified between January and December of 2016.Of those,30 underwent 2μm thulium laser dissection and 31 were treated with standard technique by using staplers.In terms of clinical characteristics,including gender,age and smoking history,there is no significant difference between the laser group and the stapler group,but the lesion size was slightly larger in the stapler group compared with the laser group.The lesions of the two groups were almost evenly distributed on the five lobes.Results All the procedures were performed successfully under VATS.The intraoperative evaluation of air leaks demonstrated that less than or equal to 2 grade air leaks were observed in 28 cases in the laser group and in 30 cases in the stapler group.Grade 3 air leaks requiring a rescue treatment were observed in 2 cases in the laser group and in 1 case in the stapler group.There were no significant differences in the postoperative hospital stay and total hospital stay between two groups.Chest tube duration was lower in the laser group compared with the stapler group even if it was not statistically significant (2.71 vs 3.55 days).Hospitalization costs was significantly lower for the laser group.Conclusion The use of 2um thulium laser to prevent intra-and postoperative air leaks and bleeding is effective and makes patients recover quickly,which allows a minimally invasive,accurate and safe application during thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules.

OBJECTIVETo construct three-dimensional (3D) models of renal stones and perform percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) virtual surgery simulation. Methods CT images were obtained from 8 patients with renal stones. Images segmentation and reconstruction were performed using MIMICS 10.0 software to construct the 3D model of the renal stones, which provided the anatomical relationships between the kidney and the adjacent organs. The optimal PCNL virtual surgery simulation for each individual case was performed using FreeForm Modeling System on the basis of the 3D model.

RESULTSEight 3D models of renal stone were constructed. The 3D model of the renal stones represented the interrelationships of the stones, intrarenal vessel, and the collecting system with the adjacent anatomical structures. Individualized PCNL virtual surgery simulations including percutaneous puncture, dilatation and pneumatic lithotripsy were performed successfully in all the 8 3D models.

CONCLUSIONDigital 3D model of renal stone provides the reliable and comprehensive imaging information for surgical design, and PCNL virtual surgery simulation has important clinical significance to improve the stone clearance rate and reduce the surgical complications.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Kidney Calculi ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; methods ; Software ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; User-Computer Interface

Objective To investigate the value of liver imaging reporting and data system version 2018(LI-RADS v2018)features in predicting microvascular invasion(MVI)of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Ninety-two patients diagnosed as LR-5 and pathologically confirmed HCC were included and divided into MVI positive group and MVI negative group.The major and ancillary features of LI-RADS v2018 were compared between the two groups.Logistic univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to obtain the independent risk factors for MVI,and the value of differential features in predicting MVI was also assessed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results In the MVI positive group,the pathological grade of HCC was higher than that in the MVI negative group,with larger tumor diameter and higher incidence of mosaic architecture and corona enhancement.However,there was no difference in any other features.In logistic univariate analysis,tumor diameter,mosaic architecture and corona enhancement were independent risk factors for predicting the MVI,with area under the curve(AUC)values of 0.763 and 0.628 and 0.670 for the diagnosis of MVI,respectively.Conclusion In high-risk LR-5 population,tumor diameter,mosaic architecture and corona enhancement can help to predict the MVI.Accurate identification of LI-RADS v2018 features may facilitate personalized management of HCC patients.

Objective:To investigate the prenatal ultrasonographic features and diagnosis of 16p12.2 copy number variation (CNV).Methods:This retrospective study recruited seven fetuses with 16p12.2 microdeletion/microduplication in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2017 to December 2021. Data, including the prenatal diagnostic indications, ultrasound findings, karyotypes, genetic testing and mutation tracing results, pregnancy outcomes, and postnatal follow-up data, were summarized with descriptive statistical analysis.Results:Prenatal ultrasound indicated three fetuses with structural abnormalities, including one case each of multiple malformations, interventricular septal defect, and cleft lip and palate. The other four cases were positive for ultrasonic soft markers involving the heart and kidney. The chromosome karyotypes of the seven fetuses were normal. Single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) results showed that four cases had a 381.7-542.4 kb microdeletion containing three genes ( OTOA, METTL9, and IGSF6) in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) at 16p12.2 (distal region) and three cases had a 484.0-701.7 kb microdeletion/microduplication containing four OMIM genes ( UQCRC2, CDR2, EEF2K, and POLR3E) at 16p12.2 (proximal region). Five (cases 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6) out of the seven fetuses inherited the variants from their phenotypically normal mother/father, and among them, three (cases 2, 4, and 5) were delivered at term and healthy. Two cases (cases 3 and 7) refused to undergo pedigree verification. Case 3, a full-term infant, underwent ventricular septal defect repair three months after birth, and no abnormality was found at 18 months of age. Conclusions:No specific phenotype presents in fetuses with 16p12.2 microdeletion/microduplication in prenatal diagnosis. OTOA gene is the key gene associated with abnormality in the distal region of 16p12.2. Pedigree analysis is conducive to preventing unnecessary termination of pregnancy.

Background Blindness and low vision represent significant public health issues in China.Late diagnosis is the major reason for the irreversible vision impairment.A feasible,cost-effective screening and referral program is very important for the eye health care,prevention and treatment of blindness in China.Objective This study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a health examination center-based opportunistic eye disease screening program.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.Subjects undergoing a routine physical examination at the health examination center of the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang were invited to attend this program.Presenting visual acuity,intraocular pressure,and nonmydriatic fundus photography were obtained.Optic diso photographs were evaluated independently by two ophthalmologists.Blindness and moderate to severe vision impairment were defined based on the criteria of World Health Organization Visual Impairment Classification in 2009.Glaucoma,diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other suspected eye diseases were diagnosed according to the fundus photography and intraocular pressure.This study was approved by Ethic Committe of the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang,the informed consent of each subject was obtained.Results Totally,15 303 subjects were enrolled and 15 197 of them finished the exanimations,giving a response rate of 99.3％.The overall percentage of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment was 0.08％ (12/15 197) and 2.34％ (355/15 197).Two hundred and twenty-eight (1.50％) subjects were defined as glaucoma suspects and 80 individuals (0.53％) were diagnosed as epimacular membrane.Other suspected eye diseases included DR (0.41％),branchial retinal vessel occlusion (0.24％),macular degeneration (0.09 ％),and macular hole (0.06％).More than 95 ％ of the eye disease suspects have never been previously diagnosed or treated.A total of 358 subjects (2.36％) were defined as ocular hypertension suspects.Conclusions This health examination center-based opportunistic eye disease screening shows a good efficiency and feasibility.It may become an optional program in the national eye health care project,as well as the work of prevention and treatment of blindness.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the effects on detrusor hyperreflexia treated with ginger-salt-isolated moxibustion at "Shenque" (CV 8) and its mechanism.

METHODSThirty female adult SD rats were selected. The model of detrusor hyperreflexia was prepared with complete spinal transection at T, of which, 20 rats were randomized into a model group (10 rats) and a moxibustion group (10 rats). A sham-operation group (10 rats) was set up for sham-spinal transection. In the moxibustion group, when urine incontinence occurred (about in 2 weeks of modeling), the ginger-salt-isolated moxibustion at "Shenque" (CV 8) was given, 3 moxa cones each time, once a day, continuously for 7 days. After treatment, in each group, the urodynamic parameters were determined, after which, the bladder detrusor was collected. Western blot was used to determine the protein expressions of M2 and M3 receptors.

RESULTSCompared with the sham-operation group, the micturition interval was shortened apparently (<0.01); the maximal bladder pressure was increased apparently (<0.01); the protein expression of M2 receptor in the detrusor was increased significantly (<0.05) and that of M3 receptor had no apparent change (>0.05) in the rats of the model group. Compared with the model group, the micturition interval was longer apparently (<0.01), the maximal bladder pressure was reduced apparently (<0.01), the protein expression of M2 receptor in the detrusor was reduced significantly (<0.05) and that of M3 receptor had no apparent change (>0.05) in the rats of the moxibustion group.Compared with the sham-operation group, the results of the above indicators were not different significantly in the moxibustion group (all>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe ginger-salt-isolated moxibustion at "Shenque" (CV 8) suppresses the overactive bladder in the rat with spinal transection and its effect mechanism is possibly relevant with reducing the protein expression of detrusor M2 and inhibiting the excessive contraction of the detrusor.

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae). Methods: Three clinical isolates of colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae (FK1149, FK1920 and FK1934) and three colistin-resistant mutants (FK660R, FK713R and FK729R) were investigated. Resistance genes of pmrAB, phoPQ, mgrB, crrAB, mcr-1 and mcr-2 were detected by PCR and then analyzed by sequencing. PROVEAN platform was used to predict changes in the biological functions of proteins related to drug resistance. Expression of pmrH, pmrC, mgrB and phoP genes was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. LPS silver staining and conjugation assay were performed to analyze the three clinical colistin-resistant isolates. Results: Amino acid substitutions in PmrA (G53V), PmrB (T157P, R256G), MgrB (F44C) and CrrB (E189K) were detected. ISkpn14 and IS5-like insertion sequences were detected in FK713R and FK729R, respectively. FK1149, FK1920 and FK1934 were negative for mcr genes. Compared with the wild-type strain, expression of pmrH and pmrC genes at the transcriptional level was increased in all investigated isolates. Changes in the expression of phoP and mgrB genes were also observed. A partial deletion of LPS was identified in FK1149. Conclusion LPS modification induced by inactivation of PmrAB or MgrB is the main molecular mechanism of colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates in this study. Mutations in PmrA (G53V), MgrB (F44C) and CrrB (E189K) that might be related to colistin resistance are detected for the first time in clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae.

OBJECTIVETo determine the clinical value of portable sleep testing by Watch-PAT (PAT) in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

METHODFifty cases of snoring children aged 3-11 years were randomly selected to undergo the polysomnography (PSG) and PAT simultaneously at the same night. The consistency of sleep parameters in OSAS and non - OSAS children were compared with PSG as reference standard, and ROC curve analysis was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of OSAS with PAT portable sleep monitor.

RESULTFourteen cases were diagnosed as OSAS in 6-11 years group by PAT and PSG. But in 3-5 years group, only six children were diagnosed as OSAS, there was significant difference between PAT and PSG (P < 0.05). Among those 6-11 years old children, compared with non-OSAS, PAT study showed that III+IV stage sleep ((30.5 ± 2.4)% vs. (38.2 ± 2.3)%, χ(2)=4.31, P<0.05), REM sleep duration ((8.9 ± 2.5)% vs. (18.3 ± 2.1)%, χ² =4.31, P<0.05), TST ((458 ± 78) min vs. (522 ± 56) min, t=4.85, P<0.05) and sleep efficiency ((83.5 ± 3.1)% vs. (93.5 ± 3.5)%, t=3.75, P<0.05) decreased, I+II stage sleep ((61.5 ± 4.4)% vs. (44.1 ± 3.5)%, χ² =6.07, P<0.05), arousal index ((29.5 ± 8.2)/h vs. (10.6 ± 5.6)/h, t=3.70, P<0.05), AHI ((7.6 ± 5.3)/h vs. (2.1 ± 2.0)/h, t=2.40, P<0.05), RDI((18.2 ± 5.1)/h vs. (6.5 ± 3.9)/h, t=3.85, P<0.05) increased in OSAS children. Furthermore, the total sleep time (TST) ((458 ± 78) min vs. (430 ± 76) min, t=2.90, P<0.05) and sleep efficiency ((83.5 ± 3.1) % vs. (81.9 ± 4.3) %, t=2.45, P<0.05) were higher by PAT than scored by PSG. ROC curve analysis showed the best threshold selection of AHI 5.0, the sensitivity was 0.952, the specificity was 0.858. AHI 7.0, the sensitivity was 0.968, the specificity was 0.985. AHI 10, the sensitivity was 0.985 and the specificity was 0.99, but AHI 1.0, the sensitivity was 0.852 and the specificity was 0.785.

CONCLUSIONPAT can be used at home in school age children due to the high consistency with PSG and the high compliance.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Polysomnography ; methods ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sleep ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnosis ; Sleep Stages ; Snoring ; physiopathology