Objective: To make students grasp basic thinking and learning methods, improve practice efficiency and creativity. Methods: In surgery teaching we should pay attention to building helpful thinking environment, design the breakthrough point of thinking, train students in problem consciousness, make students think vertically, horizontally, reverse and train them to think comprehensively. Results: Through various kinds of training of dispersing thinking, students can use these methods to think actively to seek different solutions to the same problems or improve the ability of problem analyzing and solving. Conclusion: The teacher should pay attention to the training of student's dispersing thinking ability in surgical teaching course.

Objective To study the relationship between serum adiponection and liver function and insulin level in patients with hepatogenous diabetes.Methods The research subjects included:28 patients with hepatog-enous diabetes who were admitted at Liaocheng People's Hospital (hepatogenous diabetes group);27 patients with simple type 2 diabetes without any complication (simple type 2 diabetes group),and 27 normal controb (control group).Blood adiponectin,fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulins (FINS),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transferase (AST),total bilirubin (TBIL) and albumin (ALB) were measured,and according-ly the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated.Results Compared with the control group.serum adiponec-tin levels and ISI levels were significantly lower in the other two groups (P<0.01),and the adiponectin levels were significantly higher in hepatogenous diabetes group than in simple type 2 diabetes group (P<0.05).The FBG and FINS levels in the hepatogenous diabetes group and the FBG levels in the simple type 2 diabetes group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.01).The FINS levels were significantly higher in the hepatogenous diabetes group than in simple diabetes group (P<0.05),while the levels of FBG and ISI were lower than that of simple type 2 diabetes group (P<0.05).Adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with ISI (r= 0.5265,P=0.000),and positively correlated with FBG (r=-0.6040,P=0.000),and were not correlated with liver functions Conclusion Insulin resistance and abnormal metabolism of adipenection exist in patients with hepatogenous diabetes and may together affect the occurrence and development of hepatogenous diabetes.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of nutritional intervention combined with aerobic exercises on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) patients.Methods32 patients confirmed as NAFL between April 2008 and August 2009 were enrolled into NAFL group and 31 health people into control group.NAFL group received nutritional intervention and followed aerobic exercise program.The changes of body mass index (BMI),serum adiponectin,fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulin (FINS) and serum lipids were recorded before and after interventions.Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated.Inter-group difference,changes after intervention,and correlation between serum adiponectin and the other indexes were analyzed.ResultsCompared with the control group,BMI [ (29.84 ±3.16) kg/m2 vs.(22.22 ± 1.81 ) kg/m2,P =0.000],total cholesterol (TC) [ (5.09 ±0.86) mmol/L vs.(4.38 ±0.85) mmol/L,P =0.002],triglyceride (TG) [ (1.99±0.86) mmol/Lvs.(1.10±0.38) mmol/L,P=0.000],FBG[ (6.02±0.63) mmol/Lvs.(5.02±0.71) mmol/L,P=0.000],FINS[ (13.73±3.24) mU/Lvs.(9.55±1.99) mU/L,P=0.000],HOMA-IR [ (3.74±1.21) mmol/L vs.(2.08 ±0.27) mmol/L,P=0.000] in the NAFL group were significantly higher,while serum adiponectin in the NAFL group was significantly lower [ (4.89 ± 1.81 ) ug/L vs.( 12.97 ± 3.15 ) ug/L,P =0.000 ].After nutritional intervention and aerobic exercises,BMI [ ( 26.65 ± 2.39 ) kg,/m2 vs.(29.84 ±3.16) kg/m2,P =0.000] 、FBG [ (5.61 ±0.47) mmol/L vs.(6.02 ±0.63) mmol/L,P =0.004 ],and FINS [ ( 11.12 ± 2.01 ) mU/L vs.( 13.73 ± 3.24) mU/L,P =0.000 ] in the NAFL group were decreased significantly,while serum adiponectin [ (6.54 ±2.12) ug/L vs.(4.89 ± 1.81 ) ug/L,P =0.001 ] was significantly higher than the level before intervention.Serum adiponectin was negatively correlated with BMI,FBG,FINS,HOMA-IR,and TG (P =0.004,0.000,0.000,0.000,and 0.010),and positively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P =0.026),but not correlated with TC (P =0.101 ).ConclusionThe combination of nutritional intervention and aerobic exercises can improve the level of serum adiponectin,adjust the level of serum glucose and serum lipids,and alleviate insulin resistance in NAFL patients.

AIM: To study whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from fetal liver can differentiate into skeletal muscle-like cells. METHODS: MSCs were isolated from C57BL/6J mouse fetal liver and were induced by 5-azacytidine and amphotericin B. Myf5 and myogenin were tested by RT-PCR. Desmin and ?-actin was examined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: RT-PCR showed that the treated cells expressed Myf5 and myogenin orderly from 6 hours to 72 hours, while the untreated cells did not. Immunocytochemistry confirmed that these cells were positive for desmin and ?-actin and the positive rate was higher in 7 days than that in 14 days. CONCLUSION: MSCs derived from fetal liver can be induced into skeletal muscle-like cells in vitro.

AIM: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of galactose (Gal)-polyethyleneimine (PEI)-c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) complex on proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS: Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Bel-7402 was treated with Gal-PEI-ASODN complex. Cell proliferation was tested by trypan blue dye at different time points and with various concentrations of ASODN treatment. Cell morphology was observed under inverted microscope, cell hypodiploid percentage was analyzed by flow cytometry and cell ultrastructure was observed through electron microscopy. RESULTS: Compared with ASODN group (20 ?mol/L) from (0 h) to 96 h, Gal-PEI-ASODN complex (with ASODN 0.75 ?mol/L) significantly suppressed Bel-7402 cells proliferation, the ASODN concentration within Gal-PEI-ASODN complex and time course acquired were significantly lower and shorter, respectively. Incubated with pure ASODN at different concentrations for 72 hours, cell proliferation was inhibited and IC_(50) was 20.9 ?mol/L; while mediated with galactose receptor for 48 hours, ASODN significantly inhibited cell proliferation and IC_(50) was only 0.294 ?mol/L, the inhibitory efficacy of ASODN enhanced 70.9 folds. While Bel-7402 cells were incubated with Gal-PEI-ASODN complex for 48 hours, cell hypodiploid percentage was much higher than ASODN groups and cell apoptosis was seen under electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Galactose receptor mediated ASODN delivery may significantly increase proliferation inhibition efficacy on Bel-7402 cells. [

The study of brain information flow is of great significance to understand brain function in the field of neuroscience. The Granger causality is widely used functional connectivity analysis using multivariate autoregressive model based on the predicted mechanism. High resolution electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of ten healthy subjects were collected with a visual selective attention task. Firstly, independent component analysis was used to extract three spatially independent components of the occipital, parietal, and frontal cortices. Secondly, the Granger causal connectivity was computed between these three regions based on the Granger causality method and then independent sample t-test and bootstrap were used to test the significance of connections. The results showed that Granger causal connectivity existed from frontal to occipital and from parietal to occipital in attentional condition, while causal connectivity from frontal to occipital disappeared in unattentional condition.
Algorithms ; Attention ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans

Biologic scaffold materials derived from decellularized tissues and organs have been successfully used in tissue engineering and regeneration medicine.Decellularization methodology varies according to the differences of the origin,tissue density,composition,geometric and biologic properties of the tissue.Optimal decellularization method should be developed on the basis of complete cell content removal with the preservation of extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity and bioactivity.In this article,an overview of decellularization methods and their effect upon acellular bracket structure and composition are presented.

Objective To investigate effect of irinotecan combined with cisplatin on level of Bcl-2 and MACC1 protein in serum in patients with cervical cancer.Methods 92 cases of patients with cervical cancer surgery from department of gynaecology and obstetrics,the third People’s hospital of Nanchang were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.Control group was treated with paclitaxel therapy chemotherapy, treatment group were treated with irinotecan combined with cisplatin.Bcl-2 and MACC1 protein in serum were compared before and after the treatment. Results The level of Bcl-2 and MACC1 in both groups were not statistically significant pre-treatment;After treatment, the levels of Bcl-2 and MACC1protein in serum were decreased (P<0.05).Compared with control group post-treatment, the level of Bcl-2 and MACC1 protein in serum were lower in treatment group (P<0.05).During follow-up, death cases of treatment group and control group were 5 cases and 6 cases respectively, the survival rate of 89.13% and 86.96% respectively within the past six months(χ2 =0.103,P>0.05).Death cases of treatment group and control group were 4 cases and 12 cases respectively. the survival rate of 91.30% and 73.91% respectively within one year (χ2 =4.84, P <0.05 ) Conclusion Irinotecan combined with cisplatin in the treatment of cervical cancer in one year survival rate is higher, which may be related to the decrease of serum levels of Bcl-2 and MACC1 protein content.

Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine(DEX)for blood pressure,heart rate(HR) and SpO2 levels during anesthesia inquiry in elderly hypertensive(HBP)patients.Methods 96 cases with HBP accepted surgery were selected,and were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,each group in 48 cases,The patients in the observation group continuous pumped into the 4μg/mL of DEX during surgery, while the control group continuous pumped into 0.9% sodium chloride solution during surgery.Heart rate(HR),sys-tolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2 )of the two groups after room entrance(T0),after DEX infusion(T1),before intubation(T2),after 2min intubation(T3)and 10 min(T4)after intubation were recorded and compared,extubated time,spontaneous breathing recovery time,call time to eye opening and hospitalization time and the incidence of adverse reactions in two groups were recorded.Results The difference of HR SBP,DBP and SpO2 at T0 and T4 between the two groups was not statistically significant(all P >0.05);HR, SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group at T1,T2,T3(all P <0.05).There were no significant changes of SpO2 in the patientˊs after the room entrance;extubated time,spontaneous breathing recovery time,call time to eye opening and hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(t =8.874,9.073,8.573,all P <0.05).The adverse reactions rate in the observation group was 4.2%,which in the control group was 6.3%,the difference was not statistically significant(P >0.05). Conclusion Continuous pumped DEX has a significant sedative effect in elderly HBP patients during surgery,and does not produce respiratory depression,can help elderly patients with HBP smoothly pass the perioperative period.

Objective To explore effects of different doses of fluvastatin on serum hs -CRP,NT -proBNP in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)and chronic heart failure (CHF)and its clinical efficacy.Methods 120 CHD patients with CHF were randomly divided into three groups,each group included 50 cases.Each group received the therapy of 20mg/d(20mg group),40mg/d(40mg group),and 80mg/d(80mg group),respectively,three groups were treated for 12 weeks.The related indicators were compared among the three groups before and after treat-ment,and the incidence of major cardiovascular events (MACE )and adverse reactions were recorded.Results There was no statistically significant difference between groups before treatment (P >0.05).The serum hs -CRP and BNP of three groups were significantly different after treatment(F =185.956,16.824,all P <0.05).The hs -CRP and NT -proBNP of 80mg group were lower than those of group 20mg and 40mg group (hs -CRP:LSD -t value =3.143,4.113,all P <0.05;NT -proBNP:LSD -t value =2.986,3.765,all P <0.05).The △hs -CRP,△NT -proBNP of C group were higher than those of 20mg group and 40mg group(LSD -t value =4.783,5.819,all P <0.05).The TC,TG,LDL -C of three groups were significantly different after treatment (F =14.402,10.929, 121.968,all P <0.05).The TC,TG,LDL -C of 80mg group were lower than those of 20mg group and 40mg group (LSD -t value =3.538,4.765,4.387,all P <0.05).The ALT,CPK of three groups had no significant differences before and after treatment (P >0.05).The incidence of MACE in 80mg group was lower than that in 20mg group and 40mg group.However,the incidence of three groups had no significant difference after treatment (P >0.05 ). Conclusion The treatment of high -dose fluvastatin can significantly decrease inflammatory of CHD patients with CHF,and also decreases the NT -proBNP level,effectively control lipid levels,the treatment is safe and worthy of clinical recommendations.