Quantum dots (QD),a kind of nanocrystal,are made from Ⅱ-Ⅵ or Ⅲ-Ⅴ group elements.It has been reported that compared with current conventional fluorescent markers,QD have excellent optical properties such as strong fluorescence,photochemical stability and can be used for simultaneous multi-channel imaging.Meanwhile,as nanoparticle,QD can be easily surface modified with a variety of biological molecular and can reach cancer cells easily by penetrating the tumor angiogenesis.Therefore,QD have unique advantages in targeted real-time visual imaging of in vivo tumor and have great prospects in the individual diagnosis and treatment of tumor.However,the long-term biosafety after QD into the body still needs further study.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the testicular volume and reproductive hormones level with sperm cytological detection results in azoospermic patients .Methods Based on the WHO male infertility etiology diagnosis classification criteria ,973 azoospermic patients were divided into the obstructive azoospermia (OA ) and non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA ) . Then NOA was divided into the existing spermatogenic cells type group and non‐existing spermatogenic cells type group according to the sperm spermatogenic cell detection results .The testicular volume and reproductive hormones levels were statistically analyzed and compared among various groups .Results In 973 azoospermia patients ,235 cases were OA (24 .15% ) and 738 cases were NOA (75 .85% ) .There were 410 cases (55 .56% ) of existing spermatogenic cells type and 328 cases(44 .44% ) of non‐existing spermato‐genic cells type .The testicular volume in the existing spermatogenic cells type group and non‐existing spermatogenic cells of NOA was clearly reduced ,the T and T/LH were lower ,while the LH and FSH levels were significantly increased ,the difference between the OA group and the NOA group had statistical difference (P<0 .001) ,but PRL had no statistical difference between them (P<0 .05) .The testicular volume of existing spermatogenic cells type was smaller than non‐existing spermatogenic cells type ( P<0 .001) .The LH and FSH levels were higher than those of existing spermatogenic cells type (P<0 .01 ,P<0 .05);T ,T/LH and PRL levels had no statistical difference (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The testicular volume and reproductive hormones level are closely related with the detection quantity of sperm cells and the detection of T /LH is helpful for understanding the relation between the function of leydig cells and basement membrane change .

The miRNA is a class of small molecule non-coding RNA with a length of about 20-24 bp ,which is transcrip-tion from the endogenous gene .The hairpin structure and the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression are its typical characteristics .It is suggested that the miRNA play an important control and management role in latent infection and active in-fection in tuberculosis ,and the expression situation of miRNA is also different between latent infection and active infection in tuberculosis .Some studies also found that there are differences in the expression of miRNAs such as miR-155 ,miR-29a ,miR-361-5p ,miR-889 ,miR-576-3p and so on ,as a marker of TB diagnose .

Apoptosis is involved in a variety of physiological and path ol ogical conditions. Bax is proapoptotic member in signal pathway of apoptosis. It will contribute to the survival of cells if reducing its expression and activit y. Advances in factors influencing Bax, biological effects induce d by Bax knock-out, and antisense nucleotides targeted to Bax-mRNA were r eviewed in this article during recent years.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for enhancing and standardizing the storage,dispensing and clinical use of the photophobic drug. METHODS:The management system and directory of photophobic drugs were set up in our hospital,and photo-phobic drug were classified into drugs used away from light strictly and drugs used away from light appropriately. Special training for nursing staff and monthly inspection of photophobic drug storage and use by inspection group could help finding problems and doing timely rectification. The number of wards where the problems of clinical photophobic drug use were found were compared be-fore and after management. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:After 3-quarter management,the quantity of wards with problems de-creased from 69 to 2,decreasing by 97.1%. The management reinforce of photophobic drug can effectively promote the manage-ment of drugs to be standard and scientific and improve the safety and effectiveness of photophobic drug use.

BACKGROUND:To measure the occlusal force index of patients with missing teeth before and after restoration is an effective way to evaluate the restoration effect and oral function recovery after dental restoration.OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes of occlusal force and periodontal tissue in patients undergoing CO-Cr alloy-based porcelain-fused-to-metal crown and bridge restoration.METHODS:100 male patients were randomly divided into five groups (n=20 per group), and respectively received CO-Cr alloy porcelain crown restoration of the anterior teeth (group A), CO-Cr aloy porcelain crown repair of the premolar (group B), CO-Cr aloy porcelain crown restoration of the molar (group C), CO-Cr alloy porcelain bridge restoration of the anterior teeth (group D), or CO-Cr alloy porcelain bridge restoration of the posterior teeth (group E). Changes of occlusal force and periodontal related indexes were detected before, immediately and 6 months after dental restoration.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Occlusal force: The occlusal force in all the five groups was increased immediately and 6 months after restoration (P < 0.05). Before, immediately and 6 months after dental restoration, the occlusal force was higher in the groups C and E than the groups A, B, D (P < 0.05), as well as higher in the group B than the groups A and D (P < 0.05). (2) Periodontal detection: there were no significant differences among the five groups in the periodontal probing depth, plaque control index, clinical attachment level, and volume of gingival crevicular fluid (P > 0.05) before and after restoration. To conclude, the CO-Cr alloy-based porcelain-fused-to-metal crown and bridge restoration can significantly enhance the patient's occlusal force of the abutment teeth, exert little effect on the periodontal tissue and have good biocompatibility.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate cochlear implantation surgical techniques and postoperative results in patients with cochlear ossification. METHOD: Twenty-nine cochlear ossification patients with cochlear implantation in our department were retrospectively studied during 1997-2011. Preoperative imaging and electrophysiological assessment were done to classify the cochlear ossification of all the patients. Categories of auditory performance and speech intelligibility rating were detected to assess the outcome of cochlear implant postoperatively. RESULT: Among 29 cases with cochlear ossification, 19 cases were grade II, 4 cases were grade I, 4 cases were grade III, and 2 cases were apical turn ossification. Among 23 patients with cochlear ossification grade I and II, 17 cases were totally cochlear array insertion, and 6 cases were partial cochlear array insertion. Patients with cochlear ossification grade III were all partial cochlear array insertion. Most patients achieved good hearing and language ability after cochlear implantation. CONCLUSION Cochlear implantation can be successfully performed on the basis of systematic preoperative assessment and some patients can achieve good postoperative results in patients with cochlear ossification. Intraoperative electrical stimulation of the auditory evoked response provides a good method to assess the residual spiral nerve function.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlea ; pathology ; Cochlear Implantation ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; etiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of cochlear reimplantation. To review our experience of cochlear reimplant surgery. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of all 25 cochlear reimplant surgeries between 2002 and 2012. Causes of revision operations, number of electrode channels inserted, surgical findings and postoperative speech performances were analyzed. RESULT: Causes of reimplantation were eight hard failures; eight poor implanted electrodes position, four poor outcome, three skin flap infection lead to implant device exposure, one postoperative symptoms of facial nerve stimulation, one postoperative temporal bone lesions. All cochlear reimplantations were successfully performed in our hospital, audiologic performances were stable or improved following reimplantation in most of cases. CONCLUSION Cochlear implant surgeons should have a good knowledge of how to diagnose cochlear implant failures and how to deal with medical complications related to cochlear implantation. Medical and audiologic outcomes are generally excellent. Cochlear reimplantation appears to be a safe and effective.
Cochlea ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Electrodes ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Speech ; Speech Perception ; Surgical Flaps ; Temporal Bone

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the herbs of Bidens bipinnata. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatographies. Their structures were elucidated by means of physicochemical properties and spectral analyses (MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR). Results: Eighteen compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract of B. bipinnata and identified as quercetin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), okanin-4′-O-β-D-(2″, 4″, 6″-triacetyl)-glucopyranoside (2), okanin-4′-O-β-D-(3″, 4″-diacetyl-6″-trans-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (3), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside (6), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), hyperoside (9), rutin (10), naringenin (11), apigenin (12), quercetin (13), 5, 7-dihydroxy chromone-7-O-β-D-glucoside (14), caffeic acid (15), gallic acid (16), β-sitosterol (17), and sitosterol-3-O-glucopyranoside (18). Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 11 are obtained from the plants in Bidens L. for the first time, and compounds 3-7, 14, 15, and 18 are firstly obtained from this plant.

Objective To elucidate the correlation between Chinese patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection.Methods The peripheral blood of 73 patients with CD (ileocolon type) and 40 healthy individuals was obtained.The monocyte layer was isolated for MAP culture.The growth of bacteria colony in the culture tube was observed every two weeks and totally for 16 weeks.By the end of culture,specific DNA of MAP (IS900) in the culture tube was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction.ANOVA was performed for measurement data analysis and chi square test was used for count data.Results After cultured for 16 weeks,no bacteria colony of MAP had been observed in 113 mycobacteral growth indicator tube (MGIT).No IS900 had been detected in the peripheral blood of all patients with CD and all healthy controls.Conclusion MAP is not correlated with the pathogenesis of CD (ileocolon type) in Chinese patients.