Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of suicide death and self?harm/suicide in China from 2006 to 2016. Methods Data in this study are from the datasets of National Death Cause Surveillance from 2006 to 2016 and the National Injury Surveillance Dataset 2016. The age?standardized death rate based on the population census in 2000 was used to describe the trend of suicide over years. This study also described the epidemiological characteristics of suicide death and the demographic characteristics, suicide methods and severity of patients who sought medical help after committing suicide or self?inflicted injury in 2016. Results Age?standardized suicide mortality had been declining from 9.23/100 000 in 2006 to 5.33/100 000 in 2016 by 42.25%. Suicide mortality increased with age. In 2016, the suicide mortality in China was 7.05/100 000, and among people over 85 years old was 49.49/100 000. In 2016, the dominant two suicide methods were poisoning (39.12%) and sharp injury (25.62%). The first leading method of suicide in rural population, urban population and young people aged 10?to 17?year?old was poisoning (65.13%), sharp injury (29.90%) and fall (25.47%), respectively. As age increased, the severity of suicide/self?inflicted injury increased. The proportions of serious cases among young people aged 10?to 17?year?old and older people aged 60 years old and above who sought medical help after committing suicide or self?inflicted injury were 4.88% and 26.86%, respectively. Conclusion China's suicide mortality has been declining and special attention should be given to the suicide of old people.

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of suicide death and self?harm/suicide in China from 2006 to 2016. Methods Data in this study are from the datasets of National Death Cause Surveillance from 2006 to 2016 and the National Injury Surveillance Dataset 2016. The age?standardized death rate based on the population census in 2000 was used to describe the trend of suicide over years. This study also described the epidemiological characteristics of suicide death and the demographic characteristics, suicide methods and severity of patients who sought medical help after committing suicide or self?inflicted injury in 2016. Results Age?standardized suicide mortality had been declining from 9.23/100 000 in 2006 to 5.33/100 000 in 2016 by 42.25%. Suicide mortality increased with age. In 2016, the suicide mortality in China was 7.05/100 000, and among people over 85 years old was 49.49/100 000. In 2016, the dominant two suicide methods were poisoning (39.12%) and sharp injury (25.62%). The first leading method of suicide in rural population, urban population and young people aged 10?to 17?year?old was poisoning (65.13%), sharp injury (29.90%) and fall (25.47%), respectively. As age increased, the severity of suicide/self?inflicted injury increased. The proportions of serious cases among young people aged 10?to 17?year?old and older people aged 60 years old and above who sought medical help after committing suicide or self?inflicted injury were 4.88% and 26.86%, respectively. Conclusion China's suicide mortality has been declining and special attention should be given to the suicide of old people.

Adult ; Altitude ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2 ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Polycythemia ; diagnosis ; ethnology ; genetics

Objective To assess the role of endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)for diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract lesions.Methods Sixty-eight patients underwent endoscopic uhrasonagraphy and EUS-FNA between May 2007 and Dec.2008.The result of cytology and/or pathology was compared with that of surgical finding and follow-up study.Results EUS-FNA was successfully performed on 62 patients with lesiorm in oesophagus(4 eases),stomach(19 case),rectum(19 cases),liver(3 case),mediastinum(4 cases)and lymph node(13 cases),and had a successful rate of 91.18%(62/68).Among them,the lesions in 40 patients(64.52%)were cytologically confirmed.The lesions in 10 out of 22 patients(35.48%)were pathologically confirmed.Compared with the results of pathology and long-term followe-up study,the sensitivity,specificity and positive predictive value of EUSFNA in diagnosis of lesions in gastrointestinal tract was 85.48%,100.00%and 90.91%,respectively,The positive predictive value and negative predictive value was100.00%and 57.14%,respectively.Conclusion EUS-FNA is a safe,effective and accurate method for diagnosis of lesions in gastrointestinal tract,and has an important role in cytological diagnosis.

Humans ; Infant ; Neuroaxonal Dystrophies ; diagnosis

Cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation surgery may result in the remarked increase in the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Researches have shown that the postoperative retina is much more easily exposed to blue light, which can induce the retina to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and finally damage the retina. Therefore, cataract surgery should not be recommended at early stage; alternatively, to lower the incidence of AMD, blue-light filtering IOL may be implanted to avoid the ocular exposure to more blue light in the postoperative patients.
Cataract Extraction ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; adverse effects ; Light ; Macular Degeneration ; etiology

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes that result in adult irreversible blindness in many countries.Recent researches suggest that neurodegeneration is an important component of DR.To realize the disease process of retinal neutron is very important for prevention and treatment on DR.Objective This study was to investigate the change of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Ninety-six eyes of 48 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.The patients were assigned into non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group,background diabetic retinopathy(BDR) group,proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) group based on the fundus finding and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA),and 24 normal subjects with matched age were included as control group.RNFL thickness was measured by GDxVCC system,including temporal,superior,nasal,inferior,total,(TSNIT) average,superior average,inferior average,TSNIT standard deviation and nerve fiber indication.The datas of the RNFL thickness were analyzed and comparison among different groups by one-way analysis of variance and Student Newman Keuls test.Results The TSNIT averages of the NDR group,BDR group,PDR group and PRP group were(56.54±5.28),(56.92±6.49),(53.04±6.14) and(53.17±9.30) μm,respectively,while that of the control group was (59.04±4.37) μm.The TSNIT average,superior average,inferior average,TSNIT standard deviation of the PDR group and PRP group compared with control group were significantly decreased,and the nerve fiber indication of the PDR group and PRP group was significantly increased (P =0.002,0.000,0.002,0.000,0.001 ;P =0.002,0.000,0.001,0.000,0.000).Compared with the control group,the TSNIT average,superior average,inferior average,TSNIT standard deviation were insignificantly decreased,and the nerve fiber indication was insignificantly increased in the NDR group and BDR group (P =0.187,0.235,0.333,0.106,0.202 ;P=0.262,0.063,0.072,0.098,0.062).Conclusions The decline of the RNFL thickness appears prior to DR findings.The RNFL thinning of PDR and PRP patients suggests the degeneration of neurons and atrophy of axonal.The neurodegeneration is an important component of DR.

Objective Recent studies have shown cardiac protection effects of erythropoietin (EPO).The present experiment was designed to investigate the effects of EPO on TGF-β1, nitric oxide synthase ( NOS), collagen contents induced by angiotensin Ⅱ ( Ang Ⅱ ) in rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and explore the roles of PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway on related effects.Methods Neonatal rat CFs was isolated by collgenase and trypsinase digestion methods.PBS, EPO, Ang Ⅱ in the absence or presence of LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3-K, or L-NAME, an inhibitor of NOS, were added to CFs and cultured for 24 hours.The concentration of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ in culture medium were quantitated by ELISA.The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and the activities of NOS as well as NOS isofonns were measured by chemical enzymic method.Western blot was applied to detecting the protein expressions of Akt, p-Akt, eNOS, iNOS, and TGF-β1.Results The concentrations of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ in CFs culture medium were significantly increased while the level of NO was significantly decreased by Ang Ⅱ and these changes were significantly suppressed by EPO in a dose dependent manner.The effects of EPO on eNOS and NO could be blocked by LY294002.L-NAME could block EPO's effect on NO but not on the eNOS expression.The suppression effects on expressions of TGF-β1 and collagen by Ang Ⅱ in CFs were blocked by both LY294002 and L-NAME.conclusion EPO suppresses the upregulated expressions of TGF-β1 and increased production of collagen induced by Ang Ⅱ through activating the PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway in neonatal rat CFs.

Objective To construct eukaryotic expression vector of wild type E 4F1 and the mutant deleting amino acid region 32-81, and to detect the interaction between wild type or mutant E 4F1 and p53 and to study the effect of E4F1 on the expression level of p21.Methods Wild type and mutant sequences of E 4F1 were amplified from the mammary library using standard PCR and recombinant PCR .The sequences were cloned into pXJ 40-MYC vector to generate the MYC-E4F1 and MYC-E4F1(Δ32-81) recombinant plasmids that were transfected into 293T cells and identified by Western blotting . FLAG-p53 and MYC-E4F1 or MYC-E4F1(Δ32-81) were co-transfected into 293T cells and immunoprecipitation assay was performed to detect the interaction of wild type or mutant E 4F1 with p53.Wild type and mutant E4F1 expressing vec-tors were co-transfected into osteosarcoma U2OS cells and the expression of p21was detected.Results Recombinant plas-mids of MYC-E4F1 and MYC-E4F1(Δ32-81) were successfully constructed.Both wild type and mutant E4F1 interacted with p53.Deletion of amino acid region 32-81 of E4F1 increased the interaction .The expression level of p21 was in-creased by wild-type E4F1, but not by mutant E4F1.Conclusion The eukaryotic expression vector of wild type E4F1 and its deletion mutant is successfully constructed .Both of them interact with p53.Deletion of amino acid region 32-81 of E4F1 increases the interaction .This study contributes to further studies on the regulation and mechanism of E 4F1 on p53.

BACKGROUNDAngiogenesis is a prerequisite for tumor growth and plays an important role in rapidly growing tumors, such as malignant gliomas. A variety of factors controlling the angiogenic balance have been described, and among these, the endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, tumstatin, has drawn considerable attention. The current study investigated whether expression of tumstatin by glioma cells could alter this balance and prevent tumor formation.

METHODSWe engineered stable transfectants from human glioma cell line U251 to constitutively secrete a human tumstatin protein with c-myc and polyhistidine tags. Production and secretion of the tumstatin-c-myc-His fusion protein by tumstatin-transfected cells were confirmed by Western blotting analysis. In the present study, we identify the anti-angiogenic capacity of tumstatin using several in vitro and in vivo assays. Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used to determine the statistical significance in this study.

RESULTSThe tumstatin transfectants and control transfectants (stably transfected with a control plasmid) had similar in vitro growth rates compared to their parental cell lines. However, the conditioned medium from the tumstatin transfected tumor cells significantly inhibits proliferation and causes apoptosis of endothelial cells. It also inhibits tube formation of endothelial cells on Matrigel. Examination of armpit tumors arising from cells overexpressing tumstatin repress the growth of tumor, accompanying the decreased density of CD31 positive vessels in tumors ((5.62 ± 1.32)/HP), compared to the control-transfectants group ((23.84 + 1.71)/HP) and wild type U251 glioma cells group ((29.33 + 4.45)/HP).

CONCLUSIONAnti-angiogenic gene therapy using human tumstatin gene may be an effective strategy for the treatment of glioma.

Animals ; Autoantigens ; genetics ; Brain Neoplasms ; blood supply ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen Type IV ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; Glioma ; blood supply ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; prevention & control ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; analysis ; Transfection