Animals ; Oocytes ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; physiology ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X ; physiology ; Xenopus laevis

BACKGROUND:Intracerebral administration of selective drugsviathe carotid artery is currently one of the effective methods to enhance the drug concentration in the brain and reduce the influence of drugs on other system functions. OBJECTIVE:To establish the muscle-relaxation rabbit models by infusing propofol continuously in the internal carotid artery and analyze the variations of propofol concentration. METHODS: The muscle-relaxation rabbit models were established by continuously infusing propofol at a constant speedviacatheterization in the internal carotid artery. The pharmacokinetic characteristics could be analyzed by the methods of obtaining arterial and venous blood on both sides of neck and samples of brain tissue on both sides in different points, detecting drug concentration using high pressure liquid assay, and then mathematicaly conversing the resulting data for fitting processing and statistical regression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The method of determining the concentration of propofol using high pressure liquid assay is feasible, stable and reliable. Through investigating the concentration of propofol infused via the carotid artery at different time points, we discovered that the growth rate distribution of propofol concentration and data distribution are in log-normal distribution profile which belong to non-exponential kinetics model,i.e., modified log-normal distribution model,??)(ln x μ 2 1 fx ()=e 2σ2 , whereσ is the range of drug concentration growth indicating stability xk 2πσ of concentration changes, which is an integrated variable related to various factors, such as brain tissue uptake of drugs and brain circulation. The pharmacokinetic model of continuously infusing propofol in the internal carotid artery belongs to log-normal distribution function, i.e., a non-exponential function kinetics model. The brain concentration variations on both sides changing over time folow log-normal distribution function law.

Objective To explore the relationships of quality of life ( QOL ) and functional status in patients with malignant bone tumors after operation. Methods European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire C30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30), social support revalued scale (SSRS) and Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) were used to investigate the levels of QOL, social support and functional status. The correlations between them were explored. Results The overall score by QOL was (58.33 ± 18.94). The score by KPS was positively related to somatic function, role function, social function, and general health status (P<0.01), but negatively related to tiredness, pains, insomnia and financial burden (P<0.01). Conclusions The QOL in patients with malignant bone tumors after operation is at a lower level and the function is at a medium level. Nurses should assess the function and make out interventional measures for them so as to improve their QOL.

Objective To evaluate the training quality of anaesthesiology residents in different hospitals. Methods The scores of 125 residents,attending Shanghai resident clinic skill examination from 2005 to 2007,were analyzed. ResultsThe scores of examinees from municipal hospitals were higher than those from district hospitals,municipal specialized hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine hospitals.The scores of practice part were higher than those of theory part in all groups. Conclusion The training quality is related to the comprehensive strength of the hospital in which examinees work,but the training of theory knowledge still need to be strengthened.

Objective To establish a RP-HPLC method for determining the content of puerarin in Xinkeshu Tablets. Method The analysis was carried on a column of Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C_(18)(4.6 mm?150mm,5?m)at 25℃,with methanol-water-phosphoric acid(23:77:0.5)as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL?min~(-1),and the detection wavelength was 250 nm.Result A good linearity was found in the range of 27.1～271.0 ng.The average recovery rate was 100.5 %,and RSD was 1.8%(n=5).Conclusion The method is simple,rapid,accurate,reproducible,and can be used to control the quality of Xinkeshu Tablets.

There is a variety of gut microbiota in human body, which is closely associated with the health and disease. Normal gut microbiota can produce colonization resistance to pathogens. Antibiotics can affect the composition of gut microbiota and change the intestinal microenvironment, resulting in intestinal microecological disorders, which in turn cause intestinal pathogenic infections and other diseases. In this paper, the concept of intestinal microecology, the mechanism of intestinal colonization resistance, the effect of antibiotics on intestinal microecology, and the treatment methods were reviewed, aiming to provide the information for the rational use of antibiotics and the development of more effective treatment methods to maintain the stability of intestinal microecology.

Objective To study the current status of antimicrobial resistance of clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in China by analyzing the surveillance results in 2008.Methods N. gonorrhoeae strains were collected from 951 eligible patients at national monitoring sites for resistance of N. gonorrheae,including 156 patients from Jiangsu province,71 from Zhejiang province,102 from Fujian province,207 from Guangdong province,77 from Guangxi province,43 from Hainan province,80 from Sichuan province,44 from Chongqing,45 from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,72 from Shaanxi province,and 54 from Tianjin.The production of β-lactamase was detected by paper acidometric testing,and minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)were determined by agar dilution method for spectinomycin,ciprofloxacin,cefiriaxone,tetracycline,respectively.Results Among the 951 N. gonorrhoeae isolates,2(0.21%)were resistant to spectinomycin,451(47.42%)showed reduced sensitivity to ceflriaxone,928(97.58%)were resistant to ciprofloxacin.Penicillinase-producing N.gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and plasmid mediated tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (TRNG) accounted for 34.91%(332/951)and 51.21%(487/951) of these isolates respectively.Kendall rank correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the positivity rate of TRNG and PPNG(r=0.20,P<0.01),but a negative correlation between the susceptibility to cefiriaxone in N.gonorrhoeae and positivity rate of PPNG(r=-0.09,P<0.01).No correlation was observed between the susceptibility to cefiriaxone and susceptibility to ciprofloxacin or the positivity rate of TRNG,or between the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and positivity rate of PPNG or TRNG.Chi-square analysis showed a marked increase in the percentage of N.gonorrhoeae isolates with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone in Guangxi province,Hainan province,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Shaanxi province,the percentage of N.gonorrhoeae isolates with resisitance to spectinomycin in Shaanxi province,prevelance of TRNG in Guangdong province,and prevelance of PPNG in Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces compared with the average level (all P<0.05).Conclusions Thero is a significant diffefence in antimicrobial susceptibility of N.gonorrhoeae from difierent areas of China.A significant elevation is observed in the percentage of N.gonorrhoeae with reduced susceptibihty to cefifiaxone and resistance to spectinomycin in Shaanxi province.to which close attention should be paid.

ObjectiveTo analyzing the psychological status of hospitalized patients of internal medicine and its impact factors.Methods Hospitalized patients of internal medicine underwent a survey by using Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-12),Social Support Scale and Disease-Cognition Scale.Those with a score of ＞4 received further investigation of Symptom Check-List 90 (SCL-90).Correlation analysis was performed between all factors of SCL-90 and social support or disease-cognition scale score.Results There was no significant difference of psychological status between males and females ( P ＞0.05 ).All SCL90 factors were negatively correlated with social support,of which obsessive,paranoid,and phobic presented stronger negative correlations with social support and objective support (P ＜ 0.05 ).Furthermore,all factors were negatively correlated with disease-cognition scale score.A significantly negative correlation between phobic factor and disease-cognition scale score was identified ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Improvement was found in 26.2％ patients after intervention.Conclusion Patients tend to show unhealthy emotion when they are under the stress of hospitalization.Hospitalization support system may need to be improved and patients' cognition of disease should be increased.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of ozone injection combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of far lateral lumbar disc herniation (FLLDH). Methods A total of 60 patients with FLLDH, who were admitted to authors’ hospital during the period from March 2013 to March 2014, were randomly and equally divided into the study group (n=30) and the control group (n=30). Simple ozone injection treatment was employed for the patients of the control group, while ozone injection combined with radiofrequency ablation was adopted for the patients of the study group. The same other adjunctive medication was used in both groups. All the patients were followed up at one week as well as at one, 3 and 6 months after the treatment. The clinical effect and the complications of both g roups were recorded. Results Successful operation was obtained in all 60 patients, no perioperative complications occurred, and the technical success rate was 100%. The excellent clinical results evaluated at one week, and one, 3 and 6 months after the treatment in the control group and in the study group were 73.3%, 76.7%, 70%, 60% and 70%, 76.7%, 83.3%, 90% respectively. The 3-month and 6-month clinical results of the study group were significantly better than those of the control group. Conclusion For the treatment of FLLDH, ozone injection combined with radiofrequency ablation is safe and effective. This technique should be recommended in clinical practice.

In this paper, the advance of polymeric materials applied in the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and natural products was reviewed. Especially the research progresses in use of the polymeric membranes, polymeric flocculating agents, polymeric sorbents and polymeric drug delivery system (DDS) in the separation and preparation of herb and TCM were discussed in details. In addition, the future develorment of polymeric materials in TCM preparation was also discussed.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Biocompatible Materials ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Polymers ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Ultrafiltration ; instrumentation