Dao-di Herbs is specificity and locality, and its unique phenotypic features is closely related to the growth and development of medicinal plants. In addition to traditional genetic, epigenetic play an important role in formation of Dao-di herbs. This paper introduces the concept of epigenetic and the role of DNA methylation in the gene expression regulation. We further prospects epigenetic mechanism in study of Dao-di herbs formation from specific phenotype and regional analysis. And study on the relationship of epigenetic and Dao-di herbs will provide a basis for quality assessment and identification of Chinese drugs.
DNA Methylation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease of chil-dren in Zhongshancity from 2011 to 2015 and provide etiological evident for the prevention and control of Hand -Foot -Mouth Disease of children in Zhongshan city. Methods We analyzed the data of children with Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in Zhongshan Boai 's Hospital from 2011 to 2015. The enterovirus nucleic acid of Hand-Foot-Mouth Diseaseof children were detected. Results Atotal of 31164 cases of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease were diagnosed in Zhongshan Boai′s Hospital during 2011-2015,the ratio of male to female was 1.62:1. Every year,the peak inci-dence of the disease is not the same. During 2011-2015,there were 10147 cases of Hand-Foot-Mouth Diseaseof children,among which,through viral nucleic acid EV71and CoxA16testing,2062 cases were positive and the positve rate was 20.32%. Pathogen of Hand-Foot-Mouth Diseasewas mainly based on EV71 in 2011,2012, 2013and2015,accounting for the total positive rate of 79.04%,72.46%,81.60%,73.73%respectively;Pathogen of Hand -Foot -Mouth Diseasewas mainly based on Cox16 in 2014,accounted for 54.47% of the total positive. In different years EV71 and CoxA16 positive rate was significant different.There were 1982 cases repeated Hand-Foot-MouthDiseaseinfectioins .Conclusion The incidence of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease of children is related to age , sex and season in Zhongshan city. It is mainly based on clinical diagnosis ,the preventive measures and the clinical recognition in time to provide help for the treatment and control of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease of children.

Objective To analyze the residues of chrysanthemum ester pesticides and heavy metals in several typical Oolong tea samples for evaluating the drink safety. Methods The residues of chrysanthemum ester pesticides in the tea samples were extracted with ultrasonic method. Gas chromatography equipped with ECD was applied to determine the pesticide residues. The heavy metals in tea samples were analyzed with an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-Mass) and an atomic fluorescence spectrometer. Results The residues of chrysanthemum ester pesticides in the dry tea samples were 0.200-0.780 mg/kg, no residues was detected in the tea water. The content of heavy metals in the dry tea and tea water was very low, under the standard limits. Conclusion The Oolong tea samples chosen in the present investigation have not been polluted by chrysanthemum ester pesticides and heavy metals, according to the results, the Oolong tea made in the area is safe for drink.

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte ; metabolism ; CD56 Antigen ; metabolism ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sarcoma, Ewing ; metabolism ; pathology ; Testicular Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To detect the effects of bifidobacterium or bifidobacterium cultured supernatant on the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6),glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and the miRNA-146a in rat small intestinal epithelial cell(IEC-6) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods IEC-6 in logarithmic phase were randomly divided into LPS group,cultured supernatant group and inactivated bacteria group.All the 3 groups were exposed to 5 mg/L LPS for 5 hours,and then 1 mL sterile saline was added in LPS group and culturing continued for 24 hours ; 1 mL bifidobacterium cultured supernatant was added in cultured supernatant group and culturing continued for 24 hours;1 mL inactivated bifidobacterium 1 x 1010 CFU/L added in inactivated bacteria group and continued culturing for 24 hours.The mRNA expressions of TRAF6,GSK-3 β and miRNA-146a were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results The level of TRAF6,GSK-3 β of culture supematant group (0.72 ± 0.05,0.46 ± 0.14) were all lower than LPS group (1.01 ± 0.14,1.02 ± 0.25),but the level of miRNA-146a(3.05 ± 0.40) was higher than that in LPS group(1.01 ± 0.12),and there were significant differences between them (t =5.278,6.316,13.218,P =0.000).The level of GSK-3 β of inactivated bacteria group(0.59 ±0.13) was significantly lower than that in LPS group(t =4.837,P =0.000).The levels of TRAF6 and miRNA-146a of inactivated bacteria group(1.05 ±0.11,0.78 ±0.22) had no significant differences with LPS group (t =0.732,1.463,P ＞ 0.05).The level of TRAF6 of cultured supernatant group was lower than that in inactivated bacteria group,and the level of miRNA-146a was higher than that in inactivated bacteria group,and there were significant differences between 2 groups (t =6.009,14.687,P =0.000).Conclusions Bifidobacterium cultured supernatant and inactivated bacteria both have certain protective effect on the IEC-6 induced by LPS.One of the protective mechanisms of bifidobacterium cultured supernatant may be achieved by elevating the expression of miRNA-146a,and decreasing the levels of inflammation related factor TRAF6 and damage related factor GSK-3β.The protective effects of inactivated bifidobacterium may be achieved by decreasing the level of damage related factor GSK-3β.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Toluene ; poisoning ; Xylenes ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; utilization ; Humans ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Tissue Fixation ; methods

Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Osteogenesis

Objective To investigate the effect of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) on mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in rats with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).Methods Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were randomly divided into three groups with ten in each.NEC group rats were formula fed,and hypoxia exposed by 100％ N2 for 90 s and cold stress at 4 ℃ for 10 min twice a day for three days.Additionally,rats in HB-EGF group received HB-EGF 800μg/kg by gavage four times a day for three days.Rats in control group were given breast milk feeding for three days without any interventions.Seventy-two hours after born,all neonatal rats were sacrificed after fasting for 12 h,from which the terminal ileum was removed.HE-staining was done for histologic evaluation.Mitochondrial ultrastructure was observed under electron microscopy.Cytochrome C was detected by immunohistochemical analysis and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (APAF-1) were measured by Western blot.Analysis of variance and q-test were used to compare the difference among groups.Results (1) The incidence of NEC in HB-EGF group was lower than that in NEC group (2/10 vs 9/10,x2 =7.27,P＜0.01).(2) In NEC group,mitochondria in epithelial cells and muscle cells of intestine were significantly swelling,appearing many electron-lucent zones in matrix.Ultrastructure of mitochondria were severely damaged.In HB-EGF group,mitochondria were less swelling and showed milder damage than those in NEC group.(3) The expression of cytochrome C in ileal tissue in NEC group was higher than that in control group (0.030±0.018 vs 0.002±0.001,q=6.15,P＜0.01).The expression of cytoehrome C in ileal tissue in HB-EGF group was lower than that in NEC group (0.014±0.018 vs 0.030±0.018,q=3.53,P＜0.05).The expression of APAF-1 and AIF in NEC group was higher than those in control group (1.364±0.299 vs 0.215±0.033,q=15.31,P＜0.05;0.181±0.050 vs0.127±0.045,q=3.71,P＜0.05).Compared to NEC group,the expression of APAF-1 was lower (0.455±0.123 vs 1.364±0.299,q=4.04,P＜0.05) and the expression of AIF was higher (0.289±0.045 vs 0.181±0.050,q=7.32,P＜0.05) in HB-EGF group.Conclusions HB-EGF could reduce the incidence of NEC in neonatal rats by inhibiting the mitochondrial pathway related apoptosis through down regulation of APAF-1.

Objective To comparatively study the difference between thromboelastography (TEG)and light transmission ag-gregometry (LTA)in monitoring clopidogrel effect in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Methods 68 patients with a-cute coronary syndrome,who were in hospital from February to December 2013,were enrolled in this study.They received TEG and LTA to determine platelet aggregation.Results Clopidogrel effect was (47.84±26.04)% and (45.64±20.92)%respectively by TEG and LTA.There were negative correlation between LTAADP and TEGADP(r=-0.752,P<0.001),pos-itive correlation between LTAADP and MAADP(r=0.789,P<0.001),negative correlation between TEGADP and MAADP(r=-0.820,P<0.001).Conclusion There was a good correlation between the two methods.TEG can be used to evaluate thera-peutic effect of Clopidogrel effect.