OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of microcystin-LR (MCLR) on the expression of base excision repair genes and genes related to apoptosis.

METHODSThe BRL-3A cells were exposed to different concentrations of MCLR for various periods of time and the cell viability was measured by MTT. The mRNA expression was determined with the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR).

RESULTSThe viability of BRL-3A cells significantly reduced in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In 30 µg/ml group, the mRNA expression level (1.327 ± 0.028) of p53 increased significantly at 24 h after exposure, as compared with the other groups (1.005 ± 0.117, 0.862 ± 0.154, 1.028 ± 0.056 and 1.015 ± 0.091) (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels (5.080 ± 0.729, 5.820 ± 0.373, 6.018 ± 0.359 and 6.183 ± 0.515) of Bax in all exposure groups were significantly higher than that (1.024 ± 0.277) in control group at 24 h after exposure. However, the Bax mRNA expression level (0.604 ± 0.146) in the 30 µg/ml group at 72 h after exposure was significantly lower than those (1.004 ± 0.107, 0.811 ± 0.142, 0.855 ± 0.101 and 0.814 ± 0.056) in other groups (P < 0.05). When compared with control group (1.006 ± 0.132) and 1 µg/ml group (1.034 ± 0.241), the mRNA expression level (0.488 ± 0.147) of PARP1 in 30 µg/ml group at 48 h after exposure decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels (0.594 ± 0.180, 0.491 ± 0.015 and 0.305 ± 0.091) of JWA, XRCC1 and PARP1 in 30 µg/ml group at 72 h after exposure decreased significantly, as compared with the other groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe induction of gene expression is a transient phenomenon that occurred at different times of exposure for different genes. Inhibition of MCLR on the base excision repair gene expression may play important role in the course of MCLR promoting liver tumor.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA Repair ; Gene Expression ; Microcystins ; toxicity ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats

Objective Analyze the surveillance results of foodborne illness from a level A tertiary general hospital in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2021,to provide a realistic basis for the continuous development and improvement of foodborne disease surveillance.Methods The data were collected from a level A tertiary general hospital in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2021 in the food safety risk assessment business application platform of national health insurance information project of National Health Security Disease Control Information System,and stool/anal swab samples were collected as required for pathogen detec-tion.Results From 2019 to 2021,a total of 2 323 cases of foodborne diseases were reported and 682 samples were collected,with a sampling rate of 29.36％,and 134 positive cases were detected,with a detection rate of 19.65％.The difference between the detection rates of different years was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The detection rate of norovirus was the highest(9.53％),followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus(8.94％)and Salmonella(1.91％).The difference between the detection rates of different pathogens was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The sex ratio of 2 323 cases was 1:1.28.Among the different age distributions,20-29 years old accounted for the highest proportion(29.19％),followed by 30-39 years old(27.21％)and＜20 years old(11.71％).The highest number of cases was reported from June to September,the peak was reached from July to Au-gust,and the number of cases was gradually reduced in October and later.Among different occupational groups,housework and unemployed people accounted for the highest proportion(30.18％),followed by farmers(15.93％),students(13.65％)and commercial service workers(11.80％).The main symptoms of the digestive system were diarrhea in 2 093 cases(90.10％),abdominal pain in 1 741 cases(74.95％),nausea in 1 575 cases(67.8％)and vomiting in 1 401 cases(60.31％).The main diarrhea was watery stool in 1 954 cases(84.12％).The main systemic symptoms were fatigue in 454 cases(19.54％)and dehydration in 212 cases(9.13％).The main clinical diagnosis was acute gastroenteritis in 1 980 cases(85.23％)and infec-tious diarrhea in 199 cases(8.57％).The suspected exposed foods were mainly aquatic animals and their products(25.10％)and meat and meat products(19.37％).The main eating places of suspected exposed foods were families(57.34％),followed by restaurants(21.91％),other places(5.94％)and street food stalls(5.21％).Conclusion From 2019 to 2021,the pathogens of foodborne diseases detected were mainly norovirus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus,mainly in the age group of 20 to 39 years old,and the occupation distribution was mainly household and unemployed people,farmers,students and commercial serv-ice personnel,with digestive system symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,abdominal pain and diarrhea.The suspected exposed foods are mainly aquatic animals and their products and meat and meat products,and the main eating places are families,restau-rants and street food stalls.The surveillance and reporting of foodborne diseases should continue to be strengthened in the future.

Objective To investigate the relationship between marital status and prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) among Beijing residents.Methods From May to August 2007,10 054 residents were interviewed to collect demographic and biochemistry information.Generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the relationship between marital status and prevalence of PAD in terms of OR and corresponding 95％ confidence intervals.Results After adjusting the traditional risk factors including age,area,lipid,serum glucose,blood pressure,central obesity,smoking,drinking and physical activities for PAD,relationship between marital status and prevalence of PAD was found both at the female and male groups of those with 45 years or older.Compared with married men,OR and 95％ confidence interval of PAD for unmarried men were 1.56 (0.39 - 6.35 ) and 1.61 (0.77 - 3.35 ) for those with 45 years younger and older respectively,while compared with married women,OR and 95％ confidence interval of PAD for unmarried women were 0.75 ( 0.22 - 2.57 ) and 1.78 ( 1.23 - 2.58 ) for those with 45 years younger and older respectively.Significant differences ( all P ＜ 0.01 ) were found between married and unmarried women of 45 years or older in terms of age,waist circumstances,systolic blood pressure,fasting glucose,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein and smoking.Conclusions Peripheral arterial disease was related to marital status for women of 45 years or older among Beijing residents.Estrogen level and the distribution of other PAD risk factors might contribute to the observed finding.

Objective To explore the relationship and interaction of elevated fasting glucose and hypertension on cardiocerebral vascular disease.Methods 10 054 males and females were recruited for our cross-sectional study during May 2007 to August 2007.Unconditional logistic regression was used to analysis the relationship between fasting glucose and hypertension on cardiocerebral vascular disease.A product of fasting glucose and hypertension was added to the logistic regression model to evaluate the multiplicative interaction and relative excess risk of interaction(RERI),attributable proportion(AP)of interaction and synergy index(S)was applied to evaluate the additive interaction of the two factors.Bootstrap was used to calculate 95％ confidence intervals(CI)of RERI,AP and S.Results After adjusting age,gender,smoking,drinking,body mass index(BMI)and region,the product of fasting glucose and hypertension was not statistically significant,which means there was no multiplicative interaction between the two.But the additive indexes RERI,AP and S with 95％ CI of diabetes and hypertension were 0.64(0.03,1.25),0.27(0.01,O.47)and 1.83(1.02,5.13)respectively,which means significant additive interaction was shown between the two on cardiovascular disease but not no stroke.And there were no additive interaction bmtween impaired fasting glucose on cardiovascular disease or stroke.Conclusions Hypertension was independently related to cardiovascular disease and stroke in Beijing citizens,and diabetes were independently related to stroke.There was additive interaction between diabetes and hypertension on cardiovascular disease.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical outcome and effect of interferon treatment on patients with chronic hepatitis C.

METHODS136 cases of patients with chronic hepatitis C were followed up by methods of retrospective survey combined with prospective study. SPSS16. 0 was used to perform chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.

RESULTS136 cases of patients were infected with HCV virus mainly through blood and blood products transfusion. They were diagnosed mainly between 2000 and 2005. 98 cases of them had anti-viral treatment with interferon and ribavirin, while the rest did not; 12 new cases developed HCV-related cirrhosis or liver carcinoma in five years, which accounted for 8.8% of the total. Among 76 cases once treated with interferon, 46 cases (60.5%) relapsed in five years. For patients with age < 40, the rates of cirrhosis and liver cancer were 0, and patients with age ≥ 40 but < 60 years, the rates of cirrhosis and liver cancer were 12.5% (7/56 cases), while for those ≥ 60 years old the rates were 35.7% (10/28 cases). The difference was significant ( B = 0.111, Wald = 4.324, P = 0.038) as analysed by logistic regression. The rates of cirrhosis and liver cancer were zero for those with normal or within twice the upper normal AST limit in five years, 43.5% (10/23 cases) for those with AST ranging from 2 to 4 fold the upper normal limit, and 58.3% (7/12 cases) for those with AST higher than four times the upper normal limit. The difference was also significant ( B = 2.184, Wald = 5.443, P = 0.02) by logistic regression analysis. The rate of relapse was 29.7% (11/37 cases) for those using pegylated interferon and 89.7% (35/39 cases) for those using interferon. The difference was significant ( Result of logistic regression showed-B = -2.077, Wald = 4.352, P = 0.037). The rate of relapse was 100% (15/15 cases) for those with treatment less than 24 weeks, 76.2% (16/21 cases) for those with treatment more than 24 weeks but less than 48 weeks, and 37.5% (14/40 cases) for those with treatment more than 48 weeks. The difference was significant (Result of logistic regression showed-B = -1.632, Wald = 6.651, P = 0.01). 42 cases of the relapsed (91.3%) were administrated with interferon once again with ideal effect.

CONCLUSIONHepatitis C virus infection increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Interferon combined with ribavirin therapy could effectively control the virus and improve outcomes. We can reduce the incidence of relapse by choosing the treatment of pegylated interferon instead of interferon and by completing the full treatment.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis C ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies

The therapeutic effects of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on ischemic stroke have been extensively studied in recent years. However, the differences in early EPCs and endothelial outgrowth cells (EOCs) are still unclear. Clarifications of their respective properties and specific functioning characteristics contribute to better applications of EPCs in ischemic diseases. In this review, we discuss cellular origin, isolation, culture, surface markers of early EPCs and EOCs and relevant applications in neurological diseases. We conclude that EOCs possess all haracteristics of true endothelial progenitors and have potent advantages in EPC-based therapies for ischemic diseases. A number of preclinical and clinical applications of EPCs in neurological diseases are under study. More studies are needed to determine the specific characteristics of EPCs and the relevant mechanisms of EPCs for neurological diseases.
Classification* ; Endothelial Progenitor Cells ; Stroke ; Therapeutic Uses

Animals ; Gene Expression ; Genes, p53 ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Microcystins ; toxicity ; Mutation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To observe the course and diameter of facial artery branches and its adjacent structures in nasolabial groove area and the positional relationship,so as to provide reference for clinicians to carry out facial cosmetic repair surgery.Methods A total of 40 adult head and neck specimens were dissected on the spot,and the course and position of the facial artery branches,facial vein and facial nerve in the nasolabial groove area were observed,their diameters were measured,and relevant data were recorded.Results There were 4 types of facial artery branches in the nasolabial groove area:type Ⅰ(upper lip type)accounted for 12.5%,type Ⅱ(nasal type)accounted for 62.5%,type Ⅲ(classical type)accounted for 20.0%,and type Ⅳ(double severe type)accounted for 5.0% .There were 4 kinds of positional relationship between the facial artery and the facial vein in the nasolabial groove area:42.5% of the orofacial artery was located on the medial side of the facial vein,32.5% of the orofacial artery was located on the lateral side of the facial vein,17.5% of the two were close to and wrapped in a fascial sheath,7.5% of the orofacial artery and the main trunk of the facial vein were crossed,and the vein was located in the deep surface of the artery.There were 3 kinds of positional relationship between the facial artery and the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve:87.5% of the facial artery was deep on the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve,7.5% of the facial artery was superficial on the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve,and 5.0% of the facial artery was held or surrounded by two branches of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve on the superficial or deep surface.Conclusion The positional relationship among facial artery,facial vein and facial nerve in the nasolabial groove area is complicated.Familiarity with its positional relationship can avoid damaging blood vessels and nerves during the nasorabial groove surgery,reduce surgical complications and improve surgical safety.

Objective:To investigate the genomic manifestation and pathogenesis of osteosarcoma with different relapse pattens, which were respectively initially presented with bone metastasis or pulmonary metastasis.Methods:From May 1, 2021 to October 1, 2021, 38 fresh tumor specimens and some paraffin-embedded specimens of high-grade osteosarcoma were collected in Peking University People's Hospital, including 29 males and 9 females, aged 19.6±2.2 years (range, 6-61 years). Among the 38 cases, 12 cases had initial bone metastasis (group A) and 26 cases had initial lung metastasis (group B), of which 15 cases (40%, 15/38) had paired specimens of primary and metastatic lesions. Based on Illumina NovaSeq 6000, we analyzed whole-exome sequencing (WES) as well as transcriptome for osteosarcoma with paired samples in different relapse patterns. During all their treatment courses, we also collected their paired samples to reveal these tumors' evolution. We sought to redefine disease subclassifications for osteosarcoma based on genetic alterations and correlate these genetic profiles with clinical treatment courses to elucidate potential evolving cladograms.Results:We found that osteosarcoma in group A mainly carried single-nucleotide variations (83%, 10/12), displaying higher tumor mutation burden [4.9 (2.8, 12.0) & 2.4 (1.4, 4.5), P=0.010] and neoantigen load [743.0 (316.5, 1,034.5) & 128.5 (49.0, 200.5), P=0.003], while those in group B mainly exhibit structural variants (58%, 15/26). The mutation spectrum showed that there was a significant difference in age-related gene imprinting 1 between the bone metastasis group and the lung metastasis group ( P=0.005). Samples were randomly selected from group A (3 patients) to investigate immunologic landscape by multiplex immunohistochemistry, from which we noticed tertiary lymphatic structure from one patient from group A. High conservation of reported genetic sequencing over time was found in their evolving cladograms. Conclusion:Osteosarcoma with mainly single-nucleotide variations other than structural variants might exhibit biological behavior predisposing toward bone metastases with older in age as well as better immunogenicity in tumor microenvironment.

The current document is based on a consensus reached by a panel of experts from the Chinese Society of Allergy and the Chinese Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology Group. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately 8% of Chinese adults. The inflammatory and remodeling mechanisms of CRS in the Chinese population differ from those observed in the populations of European descent. Recently, precision medicine has been used to treat inflammation by targeting key biomarkers that are involved in the process. However, there are no CRS guidelines or a consensus available from China that can be shared with the international academia. The guidelines presented in this paper cover the epidemiology, economic burden, genetics and epigenetics, mechanisms, phenotypes and endotypes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, management, and the current status of CRS in China. These guidelines—with a focus on China—will improve the abilities of clinical and medical staff during the treatment of CRS. Additionally, they will help international agencies in improving the verification of CRS endotypes, mapping of eosinophilic shifts, the identification of suitable biomarkers for endotyping, and predicting responses to therapies. In conclusion, these guidelines will help select therapies, such as pharmacotherapy, surgical approaches and innovative biotherapeutics, which are tailored to each of the individual CRS endotypes.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biomarkers ; China ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; Eosinophils ; Epidemiology ; Epigenomics ; Genetics ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; International Agencies ; Medical Staff ; Neck ; Phenotype ; Precision Medicine