Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) pneumonia is a refractory,even lethal complication in immunosuppressive individuals and immune disturbances may promote the pathological process.We aimed to investigate the regulatory T (Treg) cell activity in an immunosuppressive mice model of PA pneumonia by estimating levels of main transcription factor and the main effector of Treg cells,i.e.,Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) and interleukine-10 (IL-10).Seventy-two BALB/c mice were divided into four groups randomly:control (A),PA pneumonia (B),immunosuppression (C) and immunosuppression with PA pneumonia (D).Mice were sacrificed at 4,8 and 24 h after establishing experimental models.The pathological changes of lung tissue were graded,and the FOXP3 mRNA and serum IL-10 levels were detected.Histological analysis of lung tissues showed there were no significantly pathological changes in groups A and C,but significantly pathological changes were found in groups B and D,especially in group D at 8 h (P＜0.05).The expression levels of FOXP3 mRNA in groups A and C showed no significant changes at the three time points,which were significantly lower than those in groups B and D (P＜0.05).FOXP3 mRNA levels were lowest at 4 h,and there was significant difference between groups B and D (P＜0.05).The serum levels of IL-10 in groups A and C were almost normal at the three time points,but decreased significantly in groups B and D (P＜0.05).The serum levels ofIL-10 decreased to the lowest at 8 h,especially in group D (P＜0.05).The results indicate that PA pneumonia in immunosuppressive individuals worsens rapidly,which may be associated with Treg cells function disturbance.And Treg cells may be promising as adjuvant therapeutics for PA pneumonia in immunosuppressive individuals.

Objective To observe the effects of small interfere RNA (siRNA) targeting the c-myc in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) on the growth of Hep-2 cells in vitro and in vivo.Methods Hep-2 cells transfected with or without c-myc siRNA were treated with 5-Fu for 48 h.C-myc protein levels in Hep-2 cells were detected using the Western blot.The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.Hep-2 cells were subcutaneously inoculated into the back of BALB/c nude mice to establish the implanted laryngeal squamous carcinoma model.PBS,c-myc siRNA,and 5-Fu,alone or in combinations were administered i.p.The mice were sacrificed after the treatments and the tumor masses were removed to determine the tumor volume and weight.The inhibitory rate was calculated.Expression of c-myc in tumor tissue was detected by immunocytochemistry and cell apoptosis was analyzed by terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).Results The protein levels of c-myc decreased after transfected with c-myc siRNA.C-myc siRNA-transfected cells showed an increase in the percentage of cells in the G0-G1 phase and a decrease in the percentage of cells in the S phase.When combined with 5-Fu,the results were improved.The tumor growth was faster in the control group and was significantly slower in the c-myc siRNA plus 5-Fu group than that in the c-myc siRNA group or 5-Fu group ( P ＜0.05 ) .The tumor weight in the c-myc siRNA plus 5-Fu group was significantly smaller than that in the c-myc siRNA or 5-Fu group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Immunohistochemistry showed that c-myc siRNA inhibited the expression of c-myc in tumor tissues in the c-myc siRNA group and c-myc siRNA plus 5-Fu group (P ＜0.05).The number of apoptotic cells in the c-myc siRNA plus 5-Fu group was higher than those in the c-myc siRNA groups (P ＜0.05).Conclusions C-myc siRNA inhibits the expression of c-myc in Hep-2 cells and in the tumor tissues of nude mice.C-myc siRNA combined with 5-Fu inhibits the growth of implanted laryngeal squamous carcinoma and promotes cell apoptosis.C-myc could become a novel target for the treatment of laryngeal squamous carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the effects of valsartan and carnitine on cardiomyocyte Calpain-1and Bcl-xl expressions of dogs with chronic alcohol intake-induced cardiomyopathy.Methods Dogs were randomly assigned into 4 groups(n=7 each):(1)alcohol fed(free access to 5%,1st week;10%2nd week;500 ml 25%bolus plus free access to 5%from 3 to 24 weeks,A);(2)alcohol+valsartan (5 mg·kg-1·d-1,B);(3)alcohol+carnitine(300 mg·kg-1·d-1,C);(4)Control(D).After six months,all animals were assessed for left ventricular(LV)function by echocardiography.The Bad and Bcl-xl protein expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.The expression of Calpain-1 protein was determined with Western blot.Myocardial morphology was quantified on HE stained slices and under electron microscopy.The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated iotin-dUTP nick end-labeling(TUNEL)was performed for apoptosis analysis.Results Compared with group D.LVEDD and LVESD were significantly increased while EF and FS significantly decreased in group A.In alcohol fed group,expressions of Bad and Calpain-1 protein were significantly increased while Bcl-xl protein expression was downregulated,all changes could be significantly attenuated by intervention with valsartan and carnitine(all P<0.05).Conclusion These data suggest that alcohol could promote cardiac myocyte apoptosis,reduce cardiac function and aggravate myocardial remodeling which valsartan and carnitine could reduce alcoholic cardiomyopathy by downregulating Calpain-1 and Bad protein expression and upregulating expression of Bcl-xl protein.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of domestic palonosetron hydrochlo-ride injection on its prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.Methods A multi-centered,ran-domized,double-blinded and placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out.A total of 281 patients were enrolled,with 141 of patients in study group and 140 of patients in control group respectively. 0.075 mg of intravenous palonosetron hydrochloride injection was delivered in the study group before anesthesia induction.The drug was substituted by 1.5 ml of NS in the control group.All anesthesia inductions were conducted by the intravenous injection of propofol,fentanyl and rocuronium,and were maintained with sevoflurane and fentanyl.Complete remission rate and treatment failure cut-off time of vomiting were evaluated at 0-6 h,6-72 h,0-72 h postoperatively.Results In the study group CR% 0-6 h,6-72 h and 0-72 h were 107 (75.89%),104 (73.76%)and 92 (65.25%),the control group was 81 (57.86%),70 (50%)and 62 (42.86%),CR% of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.01).Insignificant statistical difference but significant clin-ical difference exists in their treatment failure cut-off time,386.5 min and 300.0 min,respectively be-tween the groups.Conclusion Domestic palonosetron hydrochloride injection is safe and effective in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Significant evidence supports the role of the vestibular system in the regulation of blood pressure during postural movements. In the present study, the role of the vestibulo-spino-adrenal (VSA) axis in the modulation of blood pressure via the vestibulosympathetic reflex was clarified by immunohistochemical and enzyme immunoassay methods in conscious rats with sinoaortic denervation. Expression of c-Fos protein in the intermediolateral cell column of the middle thoracic spinal regions and blood epinephrine levels were investigated, following microinjection of glutamate receptor agonists or antagonists into the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and/or sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced hypotension. Both microinjection of glutamate receptor agonists (NMDA and AMPA) into the MVN or rostral ventrolateral medullary nucleus (RVLM) and SNP-induced hypotension led to increased number of c-Fos positive neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of the middle thoracic spinal regions and increased blood epinephrine levels. Pretreatment with microinjection of glutamate receptor antagonists (MK-801 and CNQX) into the MVN or RVLM prevented the increased number of c-Fos positive neurons resulting from SNP-induced hypotension, and reversed the increased blood epinephrine levels. These results indicate that the VSA axis may be a key component of the pathway used by the vestibulosympathetic reflex to maintain blood pressure during postural movements.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Blood Pressure* ; Denervation ; Epinephrine ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; Glutamic Acid ; Hypotension ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Microinjections ; Neurons ; Nitroprusside ; Rats* ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Reflex* ; Vestibular Nuclei ; Natural Resources

Objective To design a constant-force extrusion unit to meet the functional requirements of the prosthesis socket. Methods Based on the operational principle that the constant-force derives from offsetting of the positive and negative stiffness, the leaf spring was simulated based on the finite element analysis software. According to the simulation result of the leaf spring, the coefficient of spring stiffness was calculated. The constant-force unit after processing and assembling was tested by compression experiment. Results The simulation result was consistent with experimental result and the constant force of extrusion unit obtained an error about 2% within 3.5-mm range. Conclusions The constant-force characteristic is confirmed by experiment, which lays the foundation of realizing the time-shared and load-bearing hand prosthesis socket.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) can lead to lower back pain and may be even accompanied by scoliosis, neurological dysfunction and other complications, which will affect the daily activities and life quality of patients. Vertebral augmentation is an effective treatment method for OVCF, but it cannot correct unbalance of bone metabolism or improve the osteoporotic status, causing complications like lower back pain, limited spinal activities and vertebral refracture. The post-operative systematic and standardized rehabilitation treatments can improve curative effect and therapeutic efficacy of anti-osteoporosis, reduce risk of vertebral refracture, increase patient compliance and improve quality of life. Since there still lack relevant clinical treatment guidelines for postoperative rehabilitation treatments following vertebral augmentation for OVCF, the current treatments are varied with uneven therapeutic effect. In order to standardize the postoperative rehabilitation treatment, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized relevant experts to refer to relevant literature and develop the "Guideline for postoperative rehabilitation treatment following vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (2022 version)" based on the clinical guidelines published by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) as well as on the principles of scientificity, practicality and advancement. The guideline provided evidence-based recommendations on 10 important issues related to postoperative rehabilitation treatments of OVCF.

Objective Erythroderma is a very serious disease that affects nearly the entire cutaneous surface and are highly subjected to secondary hypoalbuminemia, infection, cardiovascular diseases, complex causes and high death rates. The article aimed to explore the etiology, comorbidities and complicated infection of erythroderma.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 95 cases of erythroderma in our department from January 2009 to August 2016. Observations were made on the patients' clinical characteristics, etiology and inducement, lab examination, complications and complicated infection.Results There were 73 first-episode and 22 recurrent patients, among which 14 cases are psoriasis as the basic disease. As to etiological factors, there were 57 cases secondary to other skin diseases (60%) and 25 cases by drug reactions (26%). As to inducing factors, there were 6 cases by upper respiratory tract infection, 38 cases by irrational application of glucocorticoids, and 7 cases by external stimulants (traditional Chinese medicine scrubbing and external medicinal liquor). The main complications were 38 cases of cardiovascular diseases (40%). The complicated infection rates of plasma albumin in patients <35g/L and ≥35g/L were 65.78% and 12.28%(P<0.01). The complicated infection rates of the patients with hypoalbuminemia and electrolyte disturbance were 44.2% and 25% respectively (P<0.05).Conclusion The erythroderma is mainly secondary to previous skin diseases, mostly psoriasis, with cardiovascular diseases as the main comorbidities. In clinical practice, importance should be attached to monitoring decreased plasma albumin level and electrolyte disturbances in order to reduce the risk of infection.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and its potential mechanism of asparaginase on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines. METHODS: CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of asparaginase on proliferation of DLBCL cell lines. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle and apoptosis. Western blot was used to analyze apoptosis and its potential mechanism. RESULTS: Asparaginase obviously inhibited the proliferation of multiple DLBCL cell lines and caused G/G cell arrest. Furtherly, asparaginase inhibited the expression of HIF-1α which related to poor prognosis of patients with DLBCL, up-regulated the expression of DR4 and caspase 8, reduce the expression of c-FLIP. Meanwhile, asparaginase induced the expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAX and inhibited the expression of anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1. CONCLUSION Asparaginase can inhibit the proliferation of DLBCL cell lines, cause the arrest of cells in G/G and induce apoptosis via the endogenous and exogenous apoptotic pathways.
Apoptosis ; Asparaginase ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse