A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) has been established for determination of 6 kinds of monosaccharides simultaneously. A special Agilent HC-C18 column (4. 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), optimized for the separation of PMP derivatives, was used at ambient temperature of 40 degrees C. The PMP derivatives elution was performed with a mixture of 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6. 8) and acetonitrile in a ratio of 84: 16 at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), and UV absorbance of the effluent was monitored at 245 nm. The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046.
Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the methods and therapeutic effects of trans-fibular anterior-lateral approach combined with external fixation in the treatment of Gustilo III distal tibiofibula fractures.

METHODSFrom 2007 to 2010,9 patients including 7 males and 2 females with the mean age of 40 years(ranging from 29 to 51 years). All patients received internal fixation of fibula after debridement on the first phase, external fixator were used to fix tibia across ankle joint, and removed after successful skin graft; The second phase tibia was used to fix through the lateral incision used in phase I. Early functional exercise was encouraged ,the union condition and functional results of the ankle joint was evealuated. The criteria of the AOFAS Foot and Ankle Surgery was used to evaluate the effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up,and the duration ranged for 8 to 37 months(averaged 21 months). Nine patients were achieved bony union, the average healing time was 24 weeks. No plate rupture or screw loosening was found. According to the AOFAS Foot and Ankle Surgery evaluation system, 3 cases got excellent results, 4 good cases and 2 fair.

CONCLUSIONTrans-fibular anterior-lateral approach combined with external fixation for Gustilo III distal tibiofibula fractures can receive satisfactory reset, debond ankle joint eralier and imporove the clinical effects.

Adult ; Female ; Fibula ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Tibia ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To report the development of clinical symptoms in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia(adPEO).Methods Electromyologram and muscle biopsy were performed in the proband and 4 family members with the disease.Results The proband was a 57 year-old woman,who developed bilateral ptosis after the age of 30,external ophthalmoplegia after the age of 35 years old,weakness of extremities at the age of 37 years old and bulb palsy with palmus at the age of 47 years old.In the family there were 20 male and female members from five generations.All of them complained about bilateral ptosis between 26—33 years old,external ophthalmoplegia(12/15)and weakness of all extremities(14/15)between 35—45,facial and masticatory weakness(9/9)as well as dysphagia(8/9)between 44—60,accompanied with heart lesions(4/7)after 50 years old.Some patients died due to cardiac impairment.Electromyologram showed myopathic abnormalities in the examined patients. The main myopathological changes were ragged red fibers,cytochrome c oxidase negative fibers and ragged blue fibers in succinate dehydrogenase staining.Conclusions The adPEO started from extra-ocular muscles to limbs,finally facial and bulbar muscles.Heart lesions were presented in late stage and lead to death in some members.The developing process of symptoms suggested that we should pay more attention to cardiac manifestations in this disease.

Objective To investigate the axonal lesion in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy(CIDP).Methods Eighteen patients had undergone sural nerve biopsy.The clinical and electrophysiological distinction based on the different pathological changes were analyzed.Results Five patients with demyelination predominance which presented myelinated fiber with thin myelin.Three of them showed also mild axonal degeneration.Eight patients with axonal lesion predominance which presented Wallerian degeneration and regeneration of myelinated fibers.Three patients with mixed myelin and axon lesion of myelinated fibers and two with mild lesion.There was no significant difference between CIDP predominantly with axonal lesion and demyelination.Electrophysiological examination shows both axonal lesion and demyelination feature in some of the 2 types patients at the same time.Conclusions Axonal lesion is a common pathological change in CIDP and should not be considered as an exclusive criterion in diagnosis of the disease.Infiltration of macrophages is a common change.

?AlM: To observe the effect of Qingguang'an on elastic fiber, MMP-7, TlMP-1 in scarring area of filtration canal after glaucoma surgery through the four Qingguang'an effective groups and Qingguang'an granules, to discuss and compare their mechanism of action on scarring area of filtration canal.?METHODS:Four effective components of Qingguang'an were used in groups D, E, F, G and H after glaucoma surgery, compared with group A ( blank ) , group B (model) and group C ( MMC) to observe the effect of elastic fiber, MMP-7, TlMP-1 in scarring filtration canal.?RESULTS:Compared with the preoperative basic lOP and 2d , 1, 2, 4wk postoperative lOP of groups C, E and H, the lOP of three group rose up slower than other groups, and kept the lowest data at 28d. There was significant difference compared with the rest of A, B, D, F, G groups (P<0. 05). The area and density of elastic fiber in surgery group were significantly different with that of black control group ( P<0. 05 ), but there were no statistical differences between groups C and H, groups C and F, groups H and E (P>0. 05). The difference was statistically significant among other groups (P<0. 01).?CONCLUSlON:The scarring area of filtration canal after glaucoma surgery is the major reason which lead to the failure of surgery. Qingguang'an effective group 2, Qingguang'an granules and MMC could reduced the scar tissue by restrained the elastic fiber, TlMP - 1 and increased the MMP-7. By observing the experimental results that both Qingguang'an effective group 2 and Qingguang'an granules could restrained the scarring area of filtration canal, the effects were unbiased, Qingguang'an granules group is better than effective group 2.

Objective:To compare the dosimetric difference between knowledge-based planning (KBP) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) models for predicting the dose distribution during IMRT, aiming to investigate the feasibility of VMAT model to predict the IMRT plans.Methods:Fifty prostate cancer patients who had completed radiotherapy were selected. Manual planning was performed on each selected patient to generate the corresponding IMRT and VMAT plans. The IMRT and VMAT manual plans of the 40 randomly-selected patients were adopted to generate the KBP VMAT and IMRT models. The remaining 10 patients were utilized to predict IMRT plans. VMAT library-derived IMRT model (V-IMRT) and IMRT library-derived IMRT model (I-IMRT) were generated. Dosimetric parameters related to organ-at-risks (OARs) and planning target volume (PTV) were statistically compared among the manual IMRT (mIMRT), V-IMRT and I-IMRT plans.Results:Compared with the mIMRT plan, I-IMRT could significantly better control D max of the PTV ( P=0.039), whereas V-IMRT and I-IMRT plans could better protect the bladder and bilateral femoral heads (both P<0.05). V-IMRT plan could better protect the D max of bilateral femoral heads and the D 15% of the right femoral head (both P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed in other OARs and PTV (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the manual plans, KBP IMRT plan has significant advantages in protecting the OARs. KBP VMAT and IMRT models are both feasible in clinical practice, which yield equivalent accuracy for predicting IMRT plan.

OBJECTIVETo study the compatibility of composite herbal medicines of the Zishen pill.

METHOD50% ethanol extract test solution of the different combinations of composite herbal medicines of the Zishen pill were prepared. Pharmacologic experiments, such as anti-inflammatory, carbon particle clearance of RES were carried out with the solutions, and the corresponding pharmacological data were obtained. Variance analysis, canonical correlation and stepwise regression analysis were applied to interrelate the amount of each drug and the pharmacological data.

RESULTThe results confirmed that Huangbo and Zhimu were the basis, while Rougui was the corrigent, which was conformed to the theory of TCM.

CONCLUSIONThis study provides a significant try for studying the compatibility of composite herbal medicines.

Anemarrhena ; chemistry ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Carbon ; pharmacokinetics ; Cinnamomum ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ear ; pathology ; Ear Diseases ; pathology ; Edema ; pathology ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; drug effects ; Mice ; Phellodendron ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Wenyang Huazhuo Tongluo Recipe (WYHZTLR) on the proportion of T helper 17 cells (Thl7)/regulatory T cells (Treg), and serum levels of IL-17 and IL-10 in peripheral blood of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with yang qi insufficiency and turbidity induced collaterals blockage syndrome (YQITICBS).

METHODSTotally 82 SSc patients were randomly assigned to the Western medicine group (as the control group) and the integrated Chinese and Western medicine group (as the treatment group), 41 cases in each group. All patients took methotrexate (MTX) tablet and prednisone tablet. Patients in the treatment group additionally took WYHZTLR. The treatment course for all was six consecutive months. Besides, another 70 healthy volunteers were recruited as a healthy control group (as the healthy group). Percentages of Th17 and Treg in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL-17, IL-10, von Willebrand factor (vWF), aminoterminal propeptide of type l procollagen (PIIINP), and cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen ( I CTP) were measured by double antibody sandwich ELISA. The correlations between Th17/Treg and levels of vWF, PIIINP, I CTP, skin score, and disease activity index were observed by Pearson correlation analysis.

RESULTSThe percentage of Th17 in peripheral blood, ratios of Th17/Treg, and the serum level of IL-17 were significantly higher, but the percentage of Treg and the serum level of IL-10 were significantly lower in SSc patients, when compared with those of the healthy group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Compared with the same group before treatment, the percentage of Thl7, ratios of Thl7/Treg, and levels of IL-17, vWF, and PIIINP all decreased in the two groups after treatment (P <0.05, P <0.01), but the percentage of Treg and the IL-10 level increased (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Meanwhile,the level of I CTP was higher in the treatment group after treatment (P <0. 05). The improvement of all indices except the percentage of Th17 was more obvious in the treatment group than in the control group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). The ratio of Th17/Treg was positively correlated with levels of vWF, PIIINP, skin score, and disease activity index before and after treatment respectively (P <0. 01), but with no obvious correlation with the level of I CTP (P >0. 05).

CONCLUSIONWYHZTLR could achieve its therapeutic effect on SSc patients by regulating Th17/Treg imbalance, lowering levels of vWF and PIIINP, and elevating the level of I CTP.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-17 ; Methotrexate ; Peptide Fragments ; Procollagen ; Scleroderma, Systemic ; drug therapy ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Th17 Cells

Objective To investigate the effects of different standard cross sections and angles on the measurement accuracy of induced postnatal fetal long bones. Methods Fetal long bones (femori and humeri) in 30 cases with induced abortion were measured utilizing ultrasound from different angles and /or at different directions. The values measured from different sections and angles with vernier calipers were compared prenatally and postnatally. Results There was no apparent difference between the pre-induced abortion and those of the post-induced abortion. The results in the 30 cases showed that: (1) the values measured from anterior 90 degree, the long bone length would best match with the bare long bone length up to 96.7%, the match rate of other angles and/or directions was up to 80%; (2) no apparent statistical difference was between the length of left and right bone and no difference was found using 4 different directions and 3 different angles; (3)there was no difference between the left and right femuri and humeri.Conclusions Though the measured value from anterior 90 degree direction was the most accurate one, the statistical analtical results showed no difference among 12 values measured from 3 different angles and/or 4 different directions.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of acoustic radiation forcs impulse (ARFI)in quantitative evaluating placental elasticity.Methods The study population included 487 normal pregnant women,and ARFI generated shear wave velocity (SWV)was measured.On the basis of gestational ages, placental sites and sampling depths in region of interest (ROI),the normal population was divided into different groups.One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the discrepancy on the SWV values amomg the nomal placental sites or the sampling depths in ROI.Pearson correlation coefficient were used to assess the possible relationships between the normal placental SWV values and the different gestational ages or the placental grades.A total of 5 1 cases were diagnosed with severe preeclampsia,among them 25 cases were categorized as severe preeclampsia with fetal growth restriction (FGR).The placental SWV values were measured and compared with those of the normal population.The pathological examinations were performed on 50 normal and 5 1 abnormal placentas.Results Basing on the placental sites,the normal population were divided into three groups:anterior wall,lateral wall and posterior wall groups.Compared with the posterior wall group,the placental SWV values in the anterior wall or lateral wall group significantly decreased (P <0.05).No statistical significant difference was found between the anterior wall group and the lateral wall group.Basing on the distance from the sampling depths to the probe (range from 2 to 7.99 cm,and each additional 1 cm corresponding a group),the normal population were divided into six groups.There was statistical significant difference for the placental SWV values between the two groups of distance in the range of 2.0 to 5.99 cm and 6.0 to 7.99 cm (P <0.05).There was no statistical significant difference between the other two groups.The mean SWV value was (0.78±0.08 m/s)in the normal group. No significant relationships were found between the placental SWV values and the gestational ages of the normal population.However the placental SWV values were significantly related to the placental grades.For the placental SWV values,there was statistical significant difference between the normal group and the abnormal group (P <0.05).No statistical significant difference was found between the severe preeclampsia group and the severe preeclampsia with FGR group.The pathological examinations also showed significant changes in the abnormal group.Conclusions ARFI may quantitatively analyze the placental elasticity and make a difference between nomal and abnormal placenta.