Medical microbiology is basic course of medicine.In order to improve teaching quality,we employ discussing-mode education in microbiology.This education style can not only enlighten and train poly-directional thought ability,capacity of bringing forth new ideas and pioneering spirit,but draw close the distance between students and modern life science,which make microbiological course become beginning of exploring microbiology.The employment of education style of discussing microbiology new advance is effective pathway of exploring most suitable high-quality person of talent training.

Objective To investigate the correlation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene variations in the promoter region with the sporadic Alzheimer' s disease (SAD) in Chinese Han population for better understanding the mechanism of SAD. MethodsThe polymorphisms of 279 SAD Chinese Han patients from Northern China were analyzed by comparing with those from 317 healthy individuals using the method of polymeraee chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR-RFLP) or direct sequencing.The commercial statistics package SPSS 11.5 was used to compare the distribution of the allele and the genotype, and to analyze their correlations with SAD. ResultsThree polymorphism sites were found for the VEGF promoters in the Chinese Han sample group including -2578C/A,- 2549I/D and- 1154G/A.- 2549I/D and- 2578C/A exhibiting strong linkage disequilibrium. Individuals with the A allele at position -2578 had an insertion of 18 nucleotides at -2459I/D, whereas CC homozygotes did not contain th es were found between the SAD patients and the controls in the 3 VEGF polymorphisms. After adjusting the data for gender, age and the ApoE ε4 allele using Logistic regression, the - 1154G/G genotype of the VEGF promoter might increase the risk of SAD in Chinese Han population.Among the subgroup without the ApoE ε4 allele, -2549D/-1154G haplotype might increase the risk for SAD (OR = 1.325, 95％ CI 1.023--1.716, P=0.033). ConclusionsThree polymorphism sites ( -2578C/A, -254911D, and -1154G/A) are found in the VEGF promoter regions in Chinese Han population. The-1154G/G genotype of the VEGF promote appears to increase the risk of SAD in Chinese Han population.In the absence of ApoE ε4, the -2549D/-1154G haplotype of the VEGF promoter appears to affect the risk for SAD.

Objective To probe into the perioperative nursing method during osterior fusion and fmation for idiopathic scoliosis. Methods The study involved 31 patients with idiopathic scoliosis treated with posterior correction nails and selective spinal fusion with hook-rod system fixation.The severe patients were treated with extensive posterior release or anterior correction and fusion posterior to release.Before the operation,the patients were administrated with mental nursing,lung function exercise,self-elongation exercise,wake-up pilot training,self-image appraisement and bed and life skills exercise.After the operation,an observation was done on the change of nervous system,propor turning the body over best clinostatism,drainage tube care,respiratory passage care,functional exercise instruction and discharge instruction. Results The operation was accomplished successfully in all the patients,which showed that the body height was increased 2-15 cm.There found no complications including loosening or breakage of the nails or sticks,nervous system injury,incisional wound infection or press~e sore. Conclusion Preoperative sufficient preparation and fine postoperative nursing are important guarantee to successful operation and fast rehabilitation.

In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. The monosaccharides were derivated by PMP and the derivatives were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and the contents of mannose and glucose were determined simultaneously. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. The polysaccharide content of stems was higher than that of leaves. Monosaccharide composition in leaf was significantly different from that in stem. The polysaccharide from stems was composed of mannose and glucose, however the polysaccharide of leaves was acid heteropolysaccharide and was mainly composed of five monosaccharides, including mannose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. The similarity value of the 14 batches was above 0.9, indicating that similarity of fingerprints among different samples was high. The study can provide evidence for expanding the medicinal parts of D. officinale.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry

Animals ; Cadmium Chloride ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estradiol ; toxicity ; Female ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Uterus ; drug effects ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of cadmium on the levels of insulin and blood glucose in exposed workers.

METHODSNinety-eight cadmium-exposed workers in a smeltery in the mid-south district of our country were selected as the exposed subjects while the healthy doctors in the workers hospital who were not exposed to the cadmium were treated as the control. The subjects were grouped according to the exposure time, the blood cadmium and the urine cadmium. The variety of the level of serum insulin was investigated for the workers in different groups of the exposure time, the blood cadmium and the urine cadmium. The variety of the levels of the blood zinc and urine zinc were also determined. The relationships among the blood cadmium, the blood zinc and the serum insulin were analyzed.

RESULTSThe level of blood glucose in the group of the exposure time of more than 20 years [(4.9 +/- 0.6) mmol/L] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(4.6 +/- 0.60) mmol/L] with significantly statistical difference (P < 0.01). The level of serum insulin in the group of the exposure time of more than 10 years [(8.58 +/- 4.91) microIU/ml] was significantly lower than that in the control group [(11.57 +/- 5.42) microIU] with the significantly statistical difference (P < 0.05) and the level of serum insulin would be decreased significantly with the increase of the blood cadmium and urinary cadmium. The level of the urine zinc was increased significantly in the workers of the exposure time of more than 20 years. The correlation analysis indicated that the negative correlation was found between the level of serum insulin and the level of blood cadmium, as well as between the level of the serum insulin and the level of the urinary cadmium; the positive correlation was found between the level of blood glucose and the level of insulin, as well as between the level of blood glucose and the level of C peptide in serum.

CONCLUSIONThe exposure to cadmium can cause the decrease of serum insulin and may affect the level of blood glucose.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; C-Peptide ; blood ; Cadmium ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; blood ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Zinc ; blood ; urine

OBJECTIVETo study the gene expression of metallothionein 1 (MT-1) isoforms in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs).

METHODSThe expression of mRNA representing the seven active MT-1 genes was determined in HPBLs by quantitative RT-PCR before and after exposure to cadmium.

RESULTSBasal expressions of MT-1X, and MT-1A in HPBLs were similar to expression of housekeeping gene. In contrast, the basal gene expressions of MT-1H, 1F, 1E, and 1G were a little transcripts in human HPBLs. No signal was detected for MT-1B. There was a sex difference (P < 0.05). in basal gene expression of MT-1E. The levels of gene expression of MT-1A, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, and 1X increased, but the level of MT-1B did not increase after exposure to cadmium.

CONCLUSIONSGene expressions of MT-1G, MT-1H, MT-1F, and MT-1X in HPBLs can be used as a potential biomarker of cadmium exposure.

Adult ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Cadmium ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Male ; Metallothionein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Isoforms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanisms by which genistein and daidzein inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells.

METHODSLNCaP and PC-3 cells were exposed to genistein and daidzein and cell viability was determined by MTT assay and cytotoxicity of the drugs by LDH test. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to assess the cell cycle in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to examine the expression of PTEN gene (a tumor suppressor gene), estrogen receptor alpha gene (ERalpha), estrogen receptor beta gene (ERbeta), androgen receptor gene (AR) and vascular endothelial growth factor gene (VEGF).

RESULTSThe viability of PC-3 and LNCaP cells decreased with increasing concentrations and exposure time of genistein and daidzein. Genistein increased G2/M phase cells in PC-3 cells while decreased S phase cells in LNCaP cells in a dose-dependent manner. Daidzein exerted no influence on the cell cycle of LNCaP and PC-3 cells, but the apoptosis percentage of LNCaP cells was elevated significantly by daidzein. Genistein induced the expression of PTEN gene in PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Daidzein induced the expression of PTEN gene in LNCaP but not in PC-3 cells. The expression of VEGF, ERalpha and ERbeta genes decreased and AR gene was not expressed after incubation with genistein and daidzein in PC-3 cells. In LNCaP cells, the expression of VEGF and AR gene decreased but there was no change in the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta gene after incubation with genistein and daidzein. Conclusion Genistein and daidzein exert a time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on PC-3 and LNCaP cells. The down-regulation of ER gene by daidzein influences the growth of PC-3 cells directly. The inhibition of PC-3 cells by genistein and that of LNCaP cells by genistein and daidzein may be via Akt pathway that is repressed by PTEN gene, which subsequently down-regulates the expression of AR and VEGF genes. Our results suggest that the expression of PTEN gene plays a key role and several pathways may be involved in the suppression of prostate cancer cells by genistein and daidzein.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Male ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Receptors, Androgen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the better method of repairing the soft tissue defect of the distal foot.

METHODSThe soft tissue defect in the distal foot of six patients were repaired by the distally based dorsum pedis island flap pedicled with the bust deep artery and(or) the first dorsal metatarsal artery.

RESULTSSix patients were repaired in one stage, the biggest defect was 8 cm x 6 cm, all patients were followed-up 1 to 4 years, the function of foot was evidently improved, the patients were all satisfied with the operative results.

CONCLUSIONSThe bust deep artery and (or) the first dorsal metatarsal artery, with reliable blood supply, were easily dissected and with good texture. So far this kind of flap is a good choice in repairing the defects of the soft tissue in the distal foot.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arteries ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Foot ; blood supply ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEIn order to explore the toxic effects of cadmium on functions of endocrine and exocrine of pancreas.

METHODS96 SD rats were administered with cadmium at different doses (0, 50, 100, 200 mg/L) by drinking water for 30 days, 60 days and 90 days. The contents of cadmium and zinc in the blood and pancreas, also the glucose level in blood and urine, the levels of insulin and the activity of amylase were determined. The gene expression of metallothionein (MT), insulin and pancreatic amylase were also measured.

RESULTSThe results showed that the contents of cadmium in the serum and pancreas were higher than that of the control groups (P < 0.05). The contents of zinc in serum were decreased in the groups of 100 and 200 mg/L cadmium at the 90-day. As well as increased zinc in pancreas. The gene expression of insulin was not different compared with those of the control group except the middle-dose group at the 60-day. And the expression of amylase were higher in the groups of 100 and 200 mg/L cadmium at the 60-day and the 90-day. The expression of MT-1 and -2 were higher in the pancreas after cadmium administration.

CONCLUSIONIt is suggested that cadmium could be accumulated in the pancreas and caused the change of the zinc levels. Then it resulted in the change of the expression of gene and protein, and influence of the functions of both endocrine and exocrine in pancreas.

Amylases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cadmium ; toxicity ; Female ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Male ; Metallothionein ; metabolism ; Pancreas ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Zinc ; blood