Aim To evaluate the reversal effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose ( 2-DG ) on multidrug resistance ( MDR) by observing the uptake change of 99m Tc-MIBI in HNE-1/DDP cells, and to explore its mechanism. Methods The uptake of 99m Tc-MIBI in HNE-1/DDP cells under different concentrations of 2-DG was detec-ted by γ-counter, and the clearance rates of 99m Tc-MI-BI in HNE-1 cells and HNE-1/DDP cells after treated with 2-DG (10 mmol·L-1 ) were compared. The con-tent of ATP in HNE-1/DDP cells was detected after treated with 2-DG. P-glycoprotein ( P-gp ) and multi-drug resistance-associated proteins ( MRP ) expression were measured by Western blot. Apoptotic HNE-1/DDP cells treated with DDP alone or combined with 2-DG (10 mmol·L-1 ) were detected by propidium io-dide ( PI ) staining. Results The clearance rate of 99m Tc-MIBI in HNE-1/DDP cells was 54. 8%, which was significantly higher than that ( - 41. 3%) in HNE-1 cells (P<0. 01). The clearance rate of 99mTc-MIBI in HNE-1/DDP cells was -203. 7% after treat-ment with 2-DG ( 10 mmol · L-1 ) , which could be significantly reduced compared with the control group ( P<0. 01 ) . The level of ATP was 55 . 69% compared with the negative control group and the expression of P-gp and MRP protein decreased dramatically in HNE-1/DDP. With the combination of 2-DG and DDP, the ap-optotic rate of HNE-1/DDP cells reached 49 . 4%which was significantly higher than DDP treated group (22. 5%) . Conclusion Multidrug resistance and the reversal effect of 2-DG on multidrug resistance could be evaluated effectively by detecting the uptake change of 99m Tc-MIBI in HNE-1/DDP cells. The mechanism may be related with the inhibition of ATP level and the re-duced expression of P-gp and MRP protein in cancer cells.

Objective　To establish animal model for hypertrophic scar and study the characters of its morphology and collagen metabolism. Methods　A total of 64 round wounds (diameter of 6 mm each) with total skin loss were made on the ventral side of rabbit ear using a trephine. Morphology and collagen metabolism of scar wounds were studied at 14,21,35,70 and 98 days after operation, respectively. Results　There were 76% elevated scars developed (45/59 wounds) on the ventral side of rabbit ear at 21 days and 46% elevated scars disappeared (11/24) at 98 days after operation. There were numerous fibroblast proliferation and whorl-arranged collagen fibers at 21 and 35 days. The number of fibroblast decreased, but irregular-arranged fibers still presented in the elevated scars at 70 and 98 days after operation. Hydroxyproline content in elevated scars at 21 days was higher than that in normal skin (P<0.05), and at 35 days was 3 times as that in normal skin and at 98 days was also markedly higher than that in normal skin (P<0.05). Conclusion　Excessive deposition of collagen is a characteristic of hypertrophic scar in rabbits. The conversion of normal scarring to hypertrophic scarring in rabbits occurs at 14～21 days after operation. Both development and regression of hypertrophic scar in rabbit are quicker than that in human.

Objective To study the safety,feasibility and efficacy of thoracoscopic hepatectomy for liver carcinoma. Methods Thoracoscopic hepatectomy was performed in 3 cases with single liver neoplasm from 2007 to 2011,including hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) in one case and metastatic liver cancer in 2 cases.By preoperative imaging the tumor was located accurately to simulate the port position in operation.Patients were placed in a left lateral decubitus position,and 3 ports were inserted into the chest wall surrounding the tumor. Through the use of intra-operative thoracoscopic uhrasonography (IOTU),the diaphragm just above the tumor was opened.IOTU was performed on the liver surface and the resection line was marked.Throughout the course of parenchymal transection,IOTU was performed repeatedly to guide the resection line,and ensure the complete removal of the tumor.After meticulous hemostasis of the resection surface,the diaphragm was closed. A thoracic drain was left. Results Thoracoscopic hepatectomy succeeded in all 3 cases,the median total operating time was 150 min (110 -210 min),and the medianblood loss was 297 ml (130 -600 ml). Patients recovered quickly and had no major post-operative complications.During 9 to 42 months' follow-up,one patients died of other cause,no relapse of the diseases was found. Conclusions Thoracoscopic hepatectomy is a safe and feasible operation in selected patients and has advantages in post-operative morbidity and in hospital time.

The chemical structures of P1 A was identified by complete acid hydrolysis, partial acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, methylation analysis, IR and NMR. The results showed that P1 A had a backbone consisting rhamnose, mannose, glucose and galactose. The side chain possessed arabinose and xylose. 1-->, 1-->6 and non-reducing terminal linkages existed in polysaccharide P1A, but there are doubling amount of 1-->2 and 1-->4 linkages. Oxidable linkage of P1 A accounted for 45%, and inoxidable linkage of P1A accounted for 55%. Mannose, glucose and galactose were mainly linked by 1-->2 linkage. Rhamnose, arabinose and xylose were mainly linked by 1-->2 and 1-->4 linkages. PlA contained beta-Glc(1,6)-,beta-Gal(1,3)-,beta-Man(1,4)-beta-Rha,-Glc(1,4)-, Glc(1)-,-Gal(1,4)- and Man(1)-.
Acanthaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Weight ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical roles of Jiawei Shentong Zhuyu Decoction (JSZD) in preventing the occurrence of failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), and to observe its effect on serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).

METHODSTotally 100 patients prepared for surgical operation due to lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group according to random number table, 50 cases in each group. Patients in the treatment group additionally took JSZD, one dose per day, taken in two portions, once in the morning and once in the evening. Those in the control group took Celecoxib Capsule (200 mg each time, once per day) and Mecobalamin Tablet (0.5 mg each time, 3 times per day). They only took Mecobalamin Tablet from the 11th day. All patients were treated for 30 days. Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was performed before treatment, at week 1, after treatment, at 6 months of followed-ups, and at 12 months of followed-ups. And the levels of TNF-alpha in the peripheral blood were observed before treatment and at one month after treatment.

RESULTSTotally 93 patients completed the followed-up study. The JOA scores were improved after treatment, at 6 and 12 months of followed-ups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The JOA score at 6 months of followed-ups was superior in the treatment group to that of the control group (P < 0.05). Five patients (accounting for 10.6%) suffered from FBSS in the treatment group, while 9 (accounting for 19.6%) suffered from FBSS in the control group. The treatment group was superior to the control group (P < 0.05). The TNFalpha level was improved after treatment in the two groups. Of them, the improvement of TNF-alpha in the treatment group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe application of JSZD was effective for preventing the occurrence of FBSS, and improved the serum TNF-alpha level.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Failed Back Surgery Syndrome ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Thoracolumbar fracture is commonly seen in spinal injuries, which causes loss of stability of the spine, as well as spinal cord and nerve compression, even deformity and paralysis. The diagnosis and treatment of thoracolumbar fracture remain controversial.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the mechanism of thoracolumbar fracture based on finite element method, its classification and transpedicular screw fixation.METHODS: The first author retrieved CNKI and PubMed databases for the relevant literature published between January 2000 and December 2016. The keywords were "finite element method, thoracolumbar spine fracture,transpedicular screw fixation" in Chinese and English, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The finite element analysis method can simulate the mechanism of thoracolumbar fracture and provides a reference for the studies on the occurrence, development and treatment of thoracolumbar fracture. (2) The classification of thoracolumbar fracture is beneficial for planning a rational treatment strategy and evaluating prognosis. (3) Compared with the traditional screw fixation, the transpedicular screw fixation holds advantages in biomechanical stability and postoperative correction effect. (4) There are various classifications for thoracolumbar fracture; differences in severity and cartilage injury are difficult to simulate completely. (5) The finite element analysis method shows certain application limitations due to long learning curve and modeling time as well as complicated calculations.

OBJECTIVETo investigate of the regulatory effect of Rho-kinase pathway activation on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced contraction of human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) in vitro.

METHODSCultured primary HASMCs were divided into control group, AngII group, AngII + irbesartan group and AngII + Y-27632 group with corresponding treatment. AngII-induced contraction of HASMCs was evaluated using collagen gel lattices and observed morphologically using immunofluorescence assay. Western Blotting was significantly performed to examine the protein expression of Rho-kinase signal pathway.

RESULTSAngII-induced HASMC contraction was inhibited by treatments with irbesartan and Y-27632 as shown by gel contraction assay (P<0.001). Y-27632 treatment produced a stronger inhibitory effect than irbesartan on the expression of phosphorylated moesin, a substrate of Rho kinase (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAngII induces the contraction of HASMCs partially as a result of activation of Rho-kinase pathway.

Amides ; pharmacology ; Angiotensin II ; pharmacology ; Asthma ; physiopathology ; Biphenyl Compounds ; pharmacology ; Bronchi ; cytology ; Humans ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth ; cytology ; Primary Cell Culture ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Tetrazoles ; pharmacology ; rho-Associated Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the metabolic, regulatory and anti-oxidative effects of modified Bushen Huoxue Decoction (BSHXD), a Chinese herbal medicine for kidney (Shen)-reinforcement and blood-activation, on an osteoarthritis (OA) rabbit model.

METHODSA rabbit model for knee joint OA was established by the classic Hulth's method. The OA model rabbits were randomized into 5 groups: the model control group, the positive control group treated with glucosamine sulfate, and the three BSHXD treated groups treated respectively with low, moderate, and high doses of BSHXD. In addition, a normal control group and a sham-operated group were set up. Experimental animals were sacrificed after a 7-week treatment, and pathological changes in cartilaginous tissue were estimated using the Mankin criteria. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) and malonaldehyde (MDA) contents in blood serum and urine, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and nitric oxide (NO) content in blood serum and knee joint synovial homogenates were detected.

RESULTSMankin scoring showed insignificant statistical differences between the various treatment groups (P >0.05), but all were better than the model control group (P <0.05). Serum and urinary contents of Hyp and MDA as well as serum and synovial levels of NO were significantly lower, but the SOD activity in blood serum and synovial tissue was higher in the BSHXD treated groups than in the model group P <0.01); the effect of BSHXD was dose-dependent to some extent.

CONCLUSIONThe modified BSHXD shows an effect of improving cartilage metabolism in experimental rabbits with OA, and possesses osteo-chondric protective effects in antagonizing peroxidation injury.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cartilage, Articular ; drug effects ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hydroxyproline ; blood ; urine ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Osteoarthritis ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rabbits ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Synovial Membrane ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology

Objective To study the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) combined with normothermic mechanical perfusion (NMP) on biliary epithelial cells (BEC) after DCD donor liver transplantation in rats.Methods The third generation of BMMSCs and the BMMSCs modified by Ad/HO-1 (Ad/HO-1/BMMSCs) were cultured,identified and expanded in vitro.To establish a stable NMP system device in vitro.The DCD liver transplantation models were constructed in rats after cardiac ischemia for 30 minutes,220 SD recipient rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (S group,n=44) static cold storage (SCS group,n =44) group,and simple NMP group (P group,n =44),BMMSCs combined with NMP group (BP group,n =44) and BMMSCs modified by Ad/HO-1 combine with NMP group (HBP group,n =44),NMP group,BP group and HBP group were subjected to vitro perfusion for 4h.The group were taken at 0,1,7 and 14 days after transplantation and the relevant indicators were detected,n =6 in each group.The survival rate of the recipient rats,liver function and pathological changes of the bile duct were observed.The expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) protein in BEC was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Apoptotic biliary epithelial cells were detected by TUNEL staining and the expression of apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The survival time of HBP group was significantly prolonged for (5.6 ±0.8) d in SCS group vs.(18.4 ±2.0) d in NMP group,(20.5 ± 1.5) d in BP group,(82.5 ±3.2) d in HBP group,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ O.05).Compared with other groups,the HBP group and the BP group were significantly improved in liver function and biliary pathology,and the expression of CK19 protein in BEC was significantly increased [(0.81 ±0.02) in S group vs.(0.35 ±0.03) in SCS group,(0.47 ±0.02) in NMP group,(0.63 ± 0.02) in BP group,(0.77 ± 0.01) in HBP group on postoperative day (POD) 14],the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The number of apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 in HBP group were significantly decreased [(10.0 ± 1.2) in S group vs.(57.3 ±5.5) in SCS group,(40.1 ±4.6) in NMP group,(32.0 ± 2.2) in BP group,(13.7 ± 3.1) in HBP group on POD 14],the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the BP group,the protective effect of the HBP group was more obvious,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion By the method of the BMMSCs modified by Ad/HO-1 combined with NMP in vitro preservation of rat,DCD donor liver can significantly improve the effect of BEC on rats and the survival rate after liver transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantified by dynamic computed tomography (CT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with troponin level and left ventricle (LV) function in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five STEMI patients who successfully had undergone reperfusion treatment within 1 week of their infarction were consecutively enrolled. All patients were referred for dynamic CT-MPI. Serial high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) levels and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measured by echocardiography were recorded. Twenty-six patients with 427 segments were included for analysis. Various quantitative parameters derived from dynamic CT-MPI were analyzed to determine if there was a correlation between hs-TnT levels and LVEF on admission and again at the 6-month mark. RESULTS: The mean radiation dose for dynamic CT-MPI was 3.2 ± 1.1 mSv. Infarcted territories had significantly lower MBF (30.5 ± 7.4 mL/min/100 mL versus 73.4 ± 8.1 mL/min/100 mL, p < 0.001) and myocardial blood volume (MBV) (2.8 ± 0.9 mL/100 mL versus 4.2 ± 1.1 mL/100 mL, p = 0.044) compared with those of reference territories. MBF showed the best correlation with the level of peak hs-TnT (r = −0.682, p < 0.001), and MBV showed a moderate correlation with the level of peak hs-TnT (r = −0.437, p = 0.026); however, the other parameters did not show any significant correlation with hs-TnT levels. As for the association with LV function, only MBF was significantly correlated with LVEF at the time of admission (r = 0.469, p = 0.016) and at 6 months (r = 0.585, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: MBF quantified by dynamic CT-MPI is significantly inversely correlated with the level of peak hs-TnT. In addition, patients with lower MBF tended to have impaired LV function at the time of their admission and at 6 months.
Blood Volume ; Echocardiography ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging ; Reperfusion ; Stroke Volume ; Troponin T ; Troponin