Objective To evaluate the value of 99Tcm-MDP uptake by left femoral neck for diagnosing osteopomsis.Methods A total of 58 cases (23 males,35 females,mean age:(66.15±8.45) years) with spondyloarthmpathies from May to December of 2012 were selected.Serum concentrations of type Ⅰ collagen telopeptide (sCTX-1) and bone ALP (BALP) were determined.All patients underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to detect bone mineral density (BMD).According to the T scores,patients were divided into 2 groups:normal group (NG) (T＞-1.0) and osteoporosis group (OG) (T≤-2.5).99TcmMDP bone scan was further performed.The average radioactive ratio of the left femoral neck to the medial soft tissue of left femur (T/N) was measured.Data differences between the 2 groups were compared by twosample t test and Pearson correlation analysis.Results According to BMD,13 patients (7 males,6 females) were included in NG and 28 patients (10 males,18 females) were included in OG.The mean ages of OG and NG were significantly different ((68.82± 10.41) years vs (62.46± 11.77) years; t =3.560,P＜0.05).The BMD of left femoral neck in OG was significantly lower than that in NG ((0.67±0.08) g/cm2 vs (0.91±0.10) g/cm2 ; t=9.917,P＜0.01).Although BALP level of OG was significantly higher than that of NG ((35.92±11.58) U/L vs (22.38±6.34) U/L; t=-3.397,P＜0.05),no significant difference was observed on sCTX-1 between the 2 groups (t=-0.463,P＞0.05).T/N ratio of OG (11.63±6.22) was higher than that of NG (9.74±4.44) (t =-3.027,P＜ 0.05).There were significant correlations between the T/N ratio of the left femoral neck and the sCTX-1 and BALP concentrations (r=0.376,0.483,both P＜0.01).No correlations between the T/N ratio of the left femoral neck and age,BMI and BMD were observed (r=-2.031,-0.017,0.134,all P＞0.05).Conclusion The uptake ratio of the left femoral neck in 99Tcm-MDP bone scan could evaluate the metabolism of bone,and it is useful for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic causes of deaf patients in a special educational school of Chifeng city, Inner Mongolia by SLC26A4 whole gene sequencing. This study focused on analyzing mutations of coding sequence of SLC26A4 gene and their relevant phenotype. METHODS DNA were extracted from peripheral blood of 134 deaf patients of Chifeng special educational school and 100 normal hearing controls in Northern China. SLC26A4 gene mutation was analyzed by direct sequencing for its 20 coding exons. All individuals found with SLC26A4 mutation were given temporal bone CT scan, and those with confirmed enlarged vestibular aqueduct and/or other malformation of inner ear were then given further ultrasound scan of thyroid and thyroid hormone assays. RESULTS The sequencing results revealed 32 cases carried SLC26A4 mutation. Twenty-nine cases underwent temporal bone CT scan. Twentycases were confirmed to have malformation of inner ear by CT scan (eighteen were EVA, one was EVA and other inner ear malformation and one was Mondini Syndrome). The shape and function of thyroid were confirmed to be normal by ultrasound scan of thyroid and thyroid hormone assays in nineteen of these 20 patients except one who had cystoid change in the right side of thyroid. Twelve types of novel variants of SLC26A4 gene were found. CONCLUSION Byscreening SLC26A4 gene coupled with temporal bone CT scan ,we could determine genetic cause related to this gene up to 14.93 % of deaf patients in special educational school of Chifeng city. SLC26A4 is another common gene besides GJB2 that cause deafness in this area. The discovery of novel variants of SLC26A4 gene makes the mutational and polymorphic spectrum more plentiful in Chinese population.

Adolescent ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dystonic Disorders ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of the mixed liquor of danshen and magnesium sulfate injection on inflammatory reaction caused by autoimmune response of rabbits with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.

METHODSSixty rabbits were divided into blank group (10 rabbits), sham operation group (10 rabbits), model group (40 rabbits) according to method of random digits table. Then model group was divided into made group (group A, 10 rabbits), normal saline group (group B, 10 rabbits), aescin natrium group (group C, 10 rabbits) and danshen and magnesium sulfate injection group (group D,10 rabbits). After model success of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, different drugs were given to rabbits with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation by ear margin vein. The rabbits of the group C,B,D were respectively given aescin natriu (0.5 mg/kg), normal saline (5 ml/kg), danshen and magnesium sulfate injection (2.0 mg/kg). The rabbits of blank group, sham operation group and group A were not given any disposal. The IgG and IgM level in serum of different groups were determined with ELISA method in fourteen day after model success and drugs given.

RESULTSThe level of IgG and IgM in the group A was higher than that of blank group and sham operation group (P < 0.05). The level of IgG and IgM in the group D was lower than that of group B,C (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe mixed liquor of danshen () and magnesium sulfate injection could inhibit inflammatory reaction caused by autoimmune response of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation,which provides a new alternative for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Injections ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Magnesium Sulfate ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Phenanthrolines ; administration & dosage ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated human oncogenes. In spite of mounting efforts on the development of direct or indirect inhibition targeting KRAS, little has been achieved because of insurmountable difficulties, titling KRAS "undruggable". Recently, subtype-specific inhibitors have shown great hope. Some KRAS^G12C inhibitors have entered clinical trials, including adagrasib and sotorasib, and have shown preliminary clinical effectiveness. Experiences from the inhibitors targeting the downstream factors of RAS pathways show that the anticancer activity of these drugs will be limited due to the development of drug resistance. Preclinical studies of KRAS^G12C inhibitors have revealed that the application of these agents might be hampered by the drug resistance issue. The current review aims to describe the current status of KRAS^G12C inhibitors, and discuss the mechanisms underlying KRAS^G12C inhibitor resistance, so as to provide the clues for the combat of drug resistance.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the whole sequence of SLC26A4 gene among 1552 deaf students from 21 regions of China with SLC26A4 hot spot mutation IVS7-2A > G and analyze the epidemiological state of enlarged-vestibular-aqueduct-syndrome (EVAS) related hearing loss in China.

METHODSDNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 1552 students from deaf and dumb school of 21 regions in China. The nationality of the 1552 cases covers Han (1290 cases), Uigur (69 cases), Hui (37 cases), Mongolia (31 cases), Yi, Zhuang, Bai, Miao and other 13 nationalities (125 cases). Firstly, all subjects were analyzed for the hot spot mutation IVS7-2A > G by direct sequencing. Those carrying a single heterozygous IVS7-2A > G were given further analyzed for the probable second mutation in other exons except exon7 and exon8 of SLC26A4. One hundred and fifty cases with normal hearing were in the control group.

RESULTSThe sequencing results revealed 197 cases carrying IVS7-2A > G, of whom 83 carrying IVS7-2A > G homozygous mutation, 114 carrying IVS7-2A > G heterozygous mutation. Of the 114 cases with heterozygous IVS7-2A > G, 78 cases were found to have another mutation and 36 cases were found no other mutation in SLC26A4. Of the 1552 cases, the percentage of cases carrying homozygous IVS7-2A > G and compound heterozygous mutations was 10.37% (161/1552). Of the 78 cases with SLC26A4 compound heterozygous mutations, the mutations except IVS7-2A > G were found mainly in exon 19, 10, 17, 15, 11 + 12, 14 and 3. Twenty-one novel SLC26A4 mutations were found. In the control group, there were only 3 cases carrying heterozygous IVS7-2A > G, and no other mutation in SLC26A4 was found.

CONCLUSIONSSLC26A4 mutations account for at least 10% of EVAS related hereditary hearing loss in China. It's of great importance to screen SLC26A4 gene for making aetiological diagnosis for deafness. The discovery of novel variants of SLC26A4 gene makes the mutational and polymorphic spectrum more plentiful in Chinese population. We also provide preliminary evidence for the hot spot areas of SLC26A4.

Adolescent ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Vestibular Aqueduct

BACKGROUNDAs a time-dependent antibiotic, the time of cefazedone concentration exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the key pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) variable associated with the killing of pathogens. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical regimen rationality of intravenous cefazedone sodium in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) by PK/PD study.

METHODSTen patients with mild to moderate CAP were enrolled to receive intravenous cefazedone sodium (2 g q12 h) for 7-14 days. Blood samples were collected in any day during day 5-7. Sputum specimens were collected before treatment for bacteria isolated, and susceptibility to cefazedone determined. PK-PD analysis was performed using the noncompartmental analysis of Phoenix WinNolin software (version 6.1, Pharsight Corporation, CA, USA). The maximal time above MIC (ƒT > MIC) was calculated, and its correlation with clinical efficacy was analyzed.

RESULTSAll 10 patients completed the study and 8 of them were cured. Six strains were isolated from patients before treatment (one for each patient) and all susceptible to cefazedone. Five patients of six in culture positive group were cured. All pathogens were cleared at the end of therapy. The MICs were between 0.25 and 1 mg/L. The main PK parameters were C max 175.22 ± 36.28 mg/L; T½ 1.52 ± 0.23 h; AUC (0-∞) 280.51 ± 68.17 mg·L -1·h -1 ; CL 7.37 ± 1.84 L/h; Vd 16.06 ± 4.42 L. The average ƒT > MIC was 55.45 ± 8.12%.

CONCLUSIONSIntravenous injection of cefazodone sodium with 2 g q12 h dosage regimen is used in the treatment of CAP caused by sensitive bacteria, either ƒT > MIC or clinical efficacy shows that such dosing regimen is reasonable.

Administration, Intravenous ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Cefazolin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Community-Acquired Infections ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To compare intrarenal pelvic pressure or endoureteral pressure and infection index between perfusion pump and low pressure of gravity drip during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods From 2015 April to 2017 June, 107 patients with ureteral or renal calculus were randomly divided into two groups, among whom 46 cases underwent perfusion pump PCNL and 61 cases underwent low pressure gravity drip PCNL. No statistical significance of preoperative variables was found between the two groups such as age, gender,preoperative status of infection,status of hydrpnephrosis,size and location of stone (P＞0.05).A 5Fr ureteral catheter was positioned into the renal pelvic or ureter,and the intrarenal pelvic or endoureteral pressure was measured by anesthesia monitor during PCNL for all patients.We recorded and compared removing calculus time, postoperative hemoglobin changing, fever rate, procalcitonin abnormal rate, white blood cell counts and calculi clearance rate.Results The average pelvic or endoureteral pressures in the group undergoing perfusion pump and the one undergoing low pressure gravity drip were (22.7±4.6) mmHg VS (29.8±5.3) mmHg and the maximum pressure were (28.8 ±6.56) mmHg VS (50 ±9.25) mmHg.The statistics was significantly different (P＜0.05).Compared with perfusion pump group, the group undergoing low pressure gravity drip had significant differences in fever rate [4.9%(3/61) VS.17.3%(8/46) ], procalcitonin abnormal rate [3.2%(2/61) VS. 15.2%(7/46) ] and white blood cell counts abnormal rate[9.8%(6/61) VS.28.26%(13/46) ] (P＜0.05). However,no significant difference was seen in postoperative hemoglobin changing[(8.3±3.7) g/L VS.(7.2 ± 3.3) g/L] (P＞0.05) and the time of removing calculus [(42.4 ±14.5) min VS (43.6 ±13.5) min] (P＞0.05) .Conclusions Compared with perfusion pump, low pressure gravity drip PCNL maintains lower renal pelvic or endoureteral pressure, which is less than reflux limit during calculi fragmentation. It might be contributed to reduce the postoperative fever rate, white blood cell counts abnormal rate and procalcitonin abnormal rate. Hemoglobin changing and the time of removing calculus show no obvious disadvantage.

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that has no effective drug to cure it. Studies in several AD models have shown that Erigeron breviscapus and its active ingredients(scutellarin and caffeoylquinic acid) could improve/enhance the learning and memory ability, and the mechanisms are associated with inhibiting amyloid β(Aβ) production, aggregation, fibrosis and Aβ neurotoxicity toxicity, regulating cholinergic nervous system, inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation, inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation, improving mitochondrial function, and resisting neuronal apoptosis. This article systematically reviewed the research progress of E. breviscapus and its active ingredients for treatment of AD in AD models, in the expectation of providing references for further development of E. breviscapus's medicinal potential.
Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Erigeron ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases

OBJECTIVETo analyze the correlation between prognosis and p53 expression in primary lesion and the surgical margin of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as an indication of postoperative radiotherapy.

METHODSSixty-seven laryngeal SCC with pathological negative margin were analyzed retrospectively. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of p53.

RESULTSThe p53 positive rates in the primary tumor and the surgical margin were 19.4% (13/67) and 50.7% (34/67). In p53 positive primary tumor group, the survival rate was higher in patients who received postoperative radiotherapy than those without (60.6% vs 20.0%, P = 0.000 5) and the recurrent rate was just the reverse (42.1% vs 93.3%, P = 0.002), though these differences were not significant in p53 negative primary tumor group (87.5% vs 94.1%, P = 0.409 6; 25.0% vs 5.9%, P = 0.175). The recurrent rate and survival rate between patients with and without postoperative radiotherapy did not show any significant difference either in p53 positive surgical margin group (47.4% vs 20.0%, P = 0.378 1; 62.5% vs 80.0%, P = 1.0) or p53 negative ones (84.9% vs 66.6%, P = 0.074 3; 20.6% vs 40.7%, P = 0.248).

CONCLUSIONPostoperative radiotherapy should be given to patients with p53 positive primary laryngeal cancer. But those who are pathologically margin negative but p53 positive should not be taken, at least for the present, as candidates for postoperative radiotherapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; chemistry ; mortality ; radiotherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; chemistry ; mortality ; radiotherapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; analysis