Objective To learn family burden and the social supports of the family members of type 2 diabetics with chronic complications. Methods The questionnaires of "The family burden scale of patient with diabetic complications" and "The social support scale" were used to investigate the type 2 diabetics with chronic complications and their family members who are in the endocrinology department of a Hospital during June to November in 2006. Results The total score of family burden was (17.94 ± 12.08). The positive answer rate of family burden was 94.2% . The positive answer rate of the each dimension was all above 50% , except the dimension of the impact on the psychological health of the members of the patient' s family, and the positive answer rate of it was 49.7%. The total score of social support of family members was (38.14 ± 8.75). Conclusions The family burden of type 2 diabetics with chronic complications is common, and are existed in every dimensions. The social support of family members is low.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) and the effect of low-dose glucocorticoid on prognosis of CIRCI in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). METHODS: Since January 2010 to December 2012, 385 patients, who met the criteria of AECOPD, were enrolled in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the First People's Hospital and Municipal Central Hospital of Xiangtan City. The AECOPD patients complicated with CIRCI screened by an adrenalcorticotrophic hormone test within 12 hours after admission to ICU were divided into a treatment group (n=32) and a control group (n=31) for a prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial. Hydrocortisone (150 mg/d) or normal saline was injected intravenously for 7 days. The patients were followed up for 28 days after injection. The endpoint included 28-day survival time, non-shock time, ICU stay and the period of non-mechanical ventilation. The markers of inflammation C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6 and procalcitonin were measured at baseline and 7 days after treatment. The variables were analyzed by Student's t test, the non-parametric statistical test, the Chi-square test or the Kaplan-Meier method with SPSS18.0 statistic software. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Totally 63 patients were diagnosed with CIRCI by an adrenalcorticotrophic hormone test and the prevalence rate was 16.4％. The shock rate of the AECOPD patients complicated with CIRCI was higher than that of the AECOPD patients without CIRCI (23.8％ vs. 8.7％, P<0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the 28-day survival time of the treatment group was obviously longer than that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, shock-free days within 28 days was longer in the treatment group (18.2±9.5 vs. 25.8±4.1, P<0.05). Treatment with low-dose glucocorticoid obviously decreased the markers of infection and inflammation (P<0.01), such as C-reactive protein (13.2±5.5 mg/L vs. 8.3±3.1 mg/L for the control group; 13.5±5.9 mg/L vs. 5.1±2.3 mg/L for the treatment group), tumor necrosis factor-α (26.1±16.2 g/L vs. 17.5±11.7 g/L for the control group; 25.0±14.8 g/L vs. 10.4±7.8 g/L for the treatment group) and procalcitonin (3.88 g/L vs. 2.03 g/L for the control group; 3.77 g/L vs. 1.26 g/L for the treatment group). Furthermore, the markers in the treatment group decreased more obviously than those in the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of CIRCI was higher in the patients with AECOPD in the department of critical medicine, and low-dose glucocorticoid treatment for one week reduced the 28-day mortality, shock time and markers of infection and inflammation.

Objective To detect the expression levels of the miR-205 in lung cancer tissue and A549 cells and its targeted gene YES1 using qRT-PCR and dual fluorescence protein repoter assay system,and to explore the possible mechanism of miR-205 to inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells.Methods The expression levels of miR-205 in 10 cases of lung cancer tissue and adjacent normal lung tissue were detected with qRT-PCR.The cell growth curve and colony formation assay were used to determine the proliferation rate of A549 cells after transfected by miR-205 mimics and control mimics.The sequences of YES1 3′UTR (untranslated region)and mutation target sites of YES1 3′UTR were inserted into the plasmid which expressed green fluorescence protein (pcDNA3/EGFP) respectively to construct the green fluorescence protein plasmids of YES1-3′UTR and mut-YES1-3′UTR. There were six groups in the study:YES1-3′UTR, YES1-3′UTR and miR-205 mimics, YES1-3′UTR and control mimics,mut-YES1-3′UTR, mut-YES1-3′UTR and miR-205 mimics, mut-YES1-3′UTR and control mimics;after the plasmids expressed red fluorescent protein (pDsRed2-N1 )were cotransfected into A549 cells,the extracted protein was detected with fluorescence spectrophotometer.Results Compared with adjacent normal lung tissue,the expression levels of miR-205 in lung cancer tissue and A549 cells were decreased (P<0.05 );the proliferation rate of A549 cells in miR-205 mimics group was lower than that in control mimics group (P<0.05). The fluorescence protein expression level in YES1-3′UTR and miR-205 mimics co-transfected group was lower than that in YES1-3′UTR and control mimics co-transfected group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).The number of cell colony formation of A549 cells in highly expressed YES1 group was higher than that in cell control group (P<0.05).Conclusion MiR-205 may inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells through regulating of the expression of YES1 directly.miR-205 and YES1 are potential therapeutic targets for the biological treatment of tumor.

OBJECTIVETo develop a method for extracting cytoskeletons and cytoskeleton-associated proteins for proteomic analysis.

METHODSA subcellular sequential proteome extraction method was exploited. The extraction procedure was optimized and controlled according to observed cell morphology changes and one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis images. The extraction efficiency and selectivity were evaluated by Western blotting and mass spectrometry.

RESULTSFour extracted fractions clearly displayed distinct patterns. Western blotting detected the fraction-marker proteins FAK, integrin-β1, histone H1 and cytokeratin 19 only in their expected fractions. About 90% of the protein spots in the cytoskeleton fraction were identified by mass spectrometry as cytoskeleton and/or its associated proteins.

CONCLUSIONThe subcellular proteome sequential fractionation method facilitates the detection of proteins of low abundance and shows a high reproducibility and selectivity, and thus can serve as an ideal pre-fractionation method prior to two-dimensional electrophoresis.

Cytoskeleton ; chemistry ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; methods ; Humans ; Proteome ; analysis ; Proteomics ; methods ; Subcellular Fractions

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of suspension concentrate of niclosamide ethanolamine salt(SC-NE)against Oncomelania hupensis snails in laboratory and field. Methods The experiment of SCNE against the snails by using the immersing and spraying methods was performed in laboratory and field,with control groups of wettable powder of ni-closamide ethanolamine salt(WPN). Results In the laboratory,LC50(s) of SCNE for 24,48 h and 72 h by using the immersion method were 0.0926,0.0629 mg/L and 0.0549 mg/L,respectively. The mortality rates of snails for 24,48 h and 72 h by using the immersion method were all 100％ with the concentrations of 0.25 mg/L. The mortality rates of snails were all 100％ while spraying SCNE for 3 d in the laboratory with the concentrations of 0.25 g/m2. In Jiangling County,except 0.5 g/m3 SCNE immers-ing the snails for 24 h,the mortality rates of snails by using SCNE with the immersing method were all 100％. While the concen-tration of SCNE was 0.5 g/m3 or above,the mortality rates were all 100％after the use of it with the immersion method for 2 d in Gong'an County. In Jiangling County,the mortality rates of snails by using SCNE 0.5 g/m3 for 1 d,3 d,and 7 d with the spray-ing method were 87.5％,92.82％and 97.40％respectively. While the concentration of SCNE was 0.5 g/m3,the mortality rates were 85.94％,86.78％and 94.21％respectively after the use of it with the spraying method for 1 d,3 d,7 d in Gong'an Coun-ty,and the molluscicidal effect of SCNE(1.0 g/m2)was higher than that of WPN. Conclusion SCNE has a high molluscicidal effect in the laboratory and field,and it is a novel and simple formulation of niclosamide.

Eight new diaryltriazine derivatives containing 4-allylamino and 4-azido substitutes guided by molecular docking have been designed and synthesized based on our previous work. The evaluation of HIV inhibitory activity demonstrated that all compounds were potent against HIV-1 replication. The most active compound 7c exhibited activity against HIV-1 (IC50 = 0.034 micromol x L(-1), SI = 6,475) and the double mutant strain (IC50 = 9.39 micromol x L(-1)) in the micromolar range, which was more potent than nevirapine.
Anti-HIV Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Catalytic Domain ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Molecular Structure ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Triazines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo develop a method for detecting the topical concentration of hydrocortisone (HC) in the subcutaneous adipose of rats using microdialysis sampling technique and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

METHODSTopical samples were collected by applying the probe into the subcutaneous adipose of rats, with alcohol (5%)-ringers solution as the perfusion solution. A LC-MS/MS method was established for detecting the HC concentration in the dialysates.

RESULTSThe protonated precursor to produce ion transitions monitored for HC was m/z 363.2→121.1. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.5-1000 ng/ml, with the intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy within ∓15%, and no significant matrix effect was noted. The in vivo recovery of the probe was about 59%.

CONCLUSIONA selective and sensitive method has been successfully established for the on-line HC detection in the subcutaneous adipose of rats.

Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Hydrocortisone ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Microdialysis ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Subcutaneous Fat ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

BACKGROUNDPulmonary endarterectomy is safe and effective surgical treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pulmonary endarterectomy in treatment of thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

METHODSA retrospective study of 15 patients who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital was performed. Obvious pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia were observed in all patients. Bilateral pulmonary endarterectomy was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass with profound hypothermic circulatory arrest.

RESULTSTwo patients (2/15) died of residual postoperative pulmonary hypertension and bleeding complication. The other 13 cases had significant decrease in systolic pulmonary artery pressure ((92.8 +/- 27.4) mmHg vs. (49.3 +/- 18.6) mmHg) and pulmonary vascular resistance ((938.7 +/- 464.1) dynesxsxcm(-5) vs. (316.8 +/- 153.3) dynesxsxcm(-5)), great improvement in cardiac index ((2.31 +/- 0.69) Lxmin(-1)xm(-2) vs. (3.85 +/- 1.21) Lxmin(-1)xm(-2)), arterial oxygen saturation (0.67 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.96 +/- 0.22) and mixed venous O(2) saturation (0.52 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.74 +/- 0.16) postoperatively compared to preoperative data. Mid-term follow-up showed that the cardiac function of all cases returned to NYHA class I or II, with great improvement in 6-minute walking distance ((138 +/- 36) m) and quality of life.

CONCLUSIONSBilateral pulmonary endarterectomy using cardiopulmonary bypass with the aid of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest can effectively reduce pulmonary hypertension and provide good mid-term hemodynamic and symptomatic results with low surgical mortality rate and few complications.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Echocardiography ; Endarterectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thromboembolism ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo develop a new method for reparation of cleft lip, and to evoke more colleagues for advance practices and study, in order to determine her indication and contraindication as soon as possible.

METHODS48 cases were included into this study. Trilobate flap were designed in floor of nose and lip area in cleft side, rotate two of the three flaps upwards, respectively to elevate the tip of nose, and to reconstruct the floor of nose. As for the left flap, it was derived transversally to opposing side, sutured with the flap of non-cleft-side.

RESULTSWith this technique, less tissue was lost, better vertical lengthening and good formed cuspids-bow was achieved, and the scar was a parallel line being symmetry to the philtrum column opposite. Meanwhile, because the tension was mainly located in the area where there was no mini flaps, the blood supply was good enough, rarely occur any necrosis in the tip of flaps. All cases in this study obtained perfect healing, with good appearance at nostrils and floor of nose.

CONCLUSIONSIn use of the method of trilobate flap, we can draw down the peak of the cuspids bow effectually, hence avoid the addition cut in the lower part of the lip, decrease the scar on skin, as well as nice reconstruction of floor of nose, philtrum column and nostril. Because lack of long term study, we evoke more colleagues for cooperation in advance study.

Cleft Lip ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nose ; abnormalities ; Nose Deformities, Acquired ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps

BACKGROUNDPeripheral nerve injury causes a high rate of disability and a huge economic burden, and is currently one of the serious health problems in the world. The use of nerve grafts plays a vital role in repairing nerve defects. Acellular nerve grafts have been widely used in many experimental models as a peripheral nerve substitute. The purpose of this study was to test the biomechanical properties of acellular nerve grafts.

METHODSThirty-four fresh sciatic nerves were obtained from 17 adult male Wistar rats (age of 3 months) and randomly assigned to 3 groups: normal control group, nerve segments underwent no treatment and were put in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) and stored at 4°C until further use; physical method group, nerve segments were frozen at -196°C and then thawed at 37°C; and chemical method group, nerve segments were chemically extracted with the detergents Triton X-200, sulfobetaine-10 (SB-10) and sulfobetaine-16 (SB-16). After the acellularization process was completed, the structural changes of in the sciatic nerves in each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and field emission scanning electron microscopy, then biomechanical properties were tested using a mechanical apparatus (Endura TEC ELF 3200, Bose, Boston, USA).

RESULTSHematoxylin-eosin staining and field emission scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the effects of acellularization, demyelination, and integrity of nerve fiber tube of the chemical method were better than that of the physical method. Biomechanical testing showed that peripheral nerve grafts treated with the chemical method resulted in some decreased biomechanical properties (ultimate load, ultimate stress, ultimate strain, and mechanical work to fracture) compared with normal control nerves, but the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONNerve treated with the chemical method may be more appropriate for use in implantation than nerve treated with the physical method.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; therapy ; Peripheral Nerves ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sciatic Nerve ; physiopathology ; ultrastructure ; Tissue Engineering