OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Rg1 and gin-senoside Rb1 in Shenqi xinshu capsule. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Zorbax SB-C18(150 × 4.6 mm,5 μm) with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 203 nm,column temperature was 30℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.199 8-3.996 0 μg for notoginsenoside R1,0.842 8-10.143 0 μg for ginsenoside Rg1 and 0.823 4-9.978 0 μg for ginsenoside Rb1;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were low-er than 2%;recoveries were 95.17%-100.17%(RSD=1.81%,n=9),97.32%-101.18%(RSD=1.44%,n=9)and 95.22%-98.89%(RSD=1.22%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used for the simultaneous contents determination of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Rb1 in Shenqi xinshu capsule.

Objective Estimating the therapeutic effect of music therapy and speech language therapy on post-stroke patients with non-fluent aphasia.Methods Eighty-four post-stroke patients diagnosed with non-fluent aphasia who came from the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University were collected between June 2012 and May 2014,then they were randomly divided into music therapy group (n =42) and speech language therapy group (n =42;including chronic (n =46) and acute groups (n =38)) based on table of random numbers.On the basis of conventionally using neurological drugs,music therapy and speech language therapy were given to the patients for one month,respectively.And language function was assessed by partial items of Chinese Version-Western Aphasia Battery before and after therapy.Results No significant changes were found in spontaneous speech,comprehension,repetition,naming and aphasia quotient in chronic and acute group patients through the music therapy and speech language therapy.Significant improvements were revealed in repetition (32.00 (15.00,53.75) vs 48.50(24.50,72.00),Z =2.147,P =0.032;33.00(14.50,49.25) vs 48.50(18.50,63.75),Z =2.018,P=0.038),naming (20.00 (8.50,34.75) vs 37.5(12.50,64.75),Z =2.298,P =0.022;19.50 (7.00,31.25) vs 34.50 (15.00,52.75),Z =2.039,P =0.041) and aphasia quotient (24.50 (10.50,37.50) vs 43.00 (18.00,64.75),Z =2.432,P =0.015;22.50 (10.00,34.50) vs 36.00 (14.00,54.00),Z =2.027,P =0.043) through music therapy and speech language therapy in chronic group patients.Comprehension was significantly improved through music therapy in chronic group patients.Repetition (24.50 (11.00,38.75) vs 46.50 (24.50,67.75),Z =2.038,P =0.043;26.50 (9.50,36.25) vs 42.50(19.00,64.25),Z =1.972,P =0.048) was significantly improved through music therapy and speech language therapy in acute group patients.And spontaneous speech (2.00 (1.00,3.75) vs 8.00 (4.00,12.75),Z =2.012,P =0.036),comprehension (51.00 (17.50,73.75) vs 85.00 (48.00,101.00),Z =2.298,P =0.022),naming (17.50(6.00,29.00) vs 37.50(16.00,58.75),Z =2.161,P =0.031) and aphasia quotient (18.00 (7.50,31.25) vs 42.50 (20.50,63.75),Z =2.256,P =0.024) were significantly improved through music therapy in acute group patients.However,no significant improvements were found in the speech language therapy group of acute patients.Conclusion The two therapies are effective in the chronic patients with non-fluent aphasia,and music therapy is also effective in acute patients with non-fluent aphasia.

Abstract: Objective To collect the cases of laboratory-acquired infections (LAI) reported in literatures in China, summarize the infection routes and causes of LAI in China, in order to improve laboratory staff's understanding of its occupational health and safety risks. Methods　The cases of laboratory-acquired infection reported in domestic literatures were collected from PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang Database, CBM China Biomedical Literature Database up to April 11, 2022, retrospectively analyze the number and causes of LAI reports, the main risk factors of LAI and its harm to society, the consequences of LAI or the leakage of pathogenic microorganisms, and put forward the relevant countermeasures of biological safety. Results　A total of 22 LAI reports were collected, reviewed and integrated into 21 reports. There were 7 kinds of pathogenic microorganisms. The main pathogenic microorganisms were hantavirus (42.86%, n=9) and Brucella (33.33%, n=7). There were 122 cases and 3 deaths in the laboratory. Most of the reports came from research laboratories (66.67%, n=14). The main route of infection was inhalation of aerosol (42.86%, n=9), followed by transdermal route (38.09%, n=8). Conclusions Failure to report LAI events will increase the risk of pathogenic microorganisms spreading to people outside the laboratory and the environment through infected laboratory staff. Local health institutions and laboratories should be encouraged to report LAI cases as a powerful tool for monitoring accidental leakage of pathogenic microorganisms and further improving laboratory biosafety. The laboratory needs strong biosafety measures to protect staff's health and prevent environmental pollution caused by accidental leakage of pathogenic microorganisms.

OBJECTIVE To provide current tendency of viral transmission by test-negative blood components changing among blood donors and to improve the safety of blood for transfusion.METHODS The test data of 1 608 816 blood donors in Beijing Red Cross Blood Center from 2001 to 2008 were analyzed.RESULTS Before voluntary blood donation,the positive rate of anti-HCV was 0.16%,that of anti-HIV was 0.005% and that of anti-TP was 0.15%.After voluntary blood donation,positive rate of these components increased,there were 0.45%,0.017% and 0.48%,respectively,but the positive rate of HBsAg and ALT was decreased.After voluntary blood donation,the positive rate of HBsAg,anti-HCV,anti-HIV and anti-TP were elevated,that of ALT was decreased in greatly.CONCLUSIONS As the increasing risk of viral transmission disease,it is more important for blood safety to screen volunteer blood donors.

Objective To perform thermoluminescent measurements of radial dose function and anisotropy function of a newly designed 192Ir microSelectron-HDR source, and establish evaluation methods for HDR dosimetry.Methods A polystyrene phantom with sylindrical holes in different measure positions was designed to accommodate thermo luminescent dosimeter (TLD) rods and radiation source.TLD rods with similar sensitivity were placed on a semicircle around the source center which had been precisely localized by either radiographic means or dose measurement.Dose-rates were measured at θ = 90° and r = 1-14 cm to calculate radial dose function (gL (r)), while measured along polar angles θ = 0° -165°(interval 15°) at radial distances r = 1 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm to calculate anisotropy function (F(r,θ)).All data were compared with those calculated by Monte Carlo (MC) method.The t-test was used for the statistics.Results The values of gL (r) were 1.007 -0.681 by calculation and 1.007 -0.598 by measurement with r = 1 - 14 cm(t = 0.00 - 2.89, all P > 0.05).The values of F (r,θ) were 0.631 - 1,0.660 - 1 and 0.696 - 1 by calculation, while 0.701 - 1, 0.668 - 1 and 0.629 - 1 by measurement at 1 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm with θ=0° -165°(t=0.40 -1.63, 0.02 -2.10, 0.08 -2.03, all P>0.05).Conclusions The results of radial dose function and anisotropy function measured by TLD measurement are in consistent with those calculated by MC calculations, which can be applied in treatment planning system as original input.

Objective To investigate the role of connexin 43(Cx43)in the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC and its possible mechanism.Methods pcDNA-Cx43,pcDNA-Cx43N,pcDNA3.0,siRNA-Cx43 and siRNA-NC were transfected into BxPC3 cells via liposome method.Cx43 protein and Cytochrome C(Cyt C)concentration was determined by Western blot,and the apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/PI binding assay.The mitechondria apoptosis pathway involved in Cx43 associated apoptosis was examined which contains the depolarization of mitechondrial membrane potential (MMP);fluorospectrophotometer was used to measure the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Gap junction intercellular communication(GJIC) was determined by dye-transfer method.Results Cx43 protein expression increased after BxPC3 transfeetion,apoptosis rate increased from(6.35±0.43)%in empty vector transfection group to(14.29±1.24)%;after H202 treatment,apoptosis rate increased from(20.34±2.47)%to(31.27±2.56)%(P<0.05).Meanwhile,mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased,Cyt C was increasingly released from mitochondria,caspases activities were increased;after siRNA43 interference,apoptosis rate decreased from(7.42±0.47)% to(5.19±1.37)%,after H_2O_2 treatment,apoptosis rate decreased from (19.43±1.71)%to(11.67±1.97)%(P<0.05).Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release were observed,caspases activities were decreased.GJIC of pcDNA-Cx 43 transfection group increased from 14.52±0.57 to 23.05±3.84.and it increased from 1.70 ±0.24 to 3.84 ±0.45 in the presence of β-GA(P<0.05).But the apoptosis rate was not significantly different.Conclusions Cx43 could promote BxPC3 apoptosis via mitochondrial apoptotic signal pathway,and the possible mechanism included signal pathway other than GJIC.

The chemical constituents and their biological activities of simaroubaceae plants were reviewed in the paper. The chemical constituents of simaroubaceae plants are alkaloids and terpenoids, and the biological activities are anti-tumor, insecticidal, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-malaria and so on. The review alms to provide references for the comprehen-sive development and utilization of simaroubaceae plants.

AIM: To study the microglial/macrophagic reactions to chronic foral cerebral ischmeia METHODS:ED1 and OX42 positive cellular reactive profiles including time-course and distribution as well as morphological changes were explored in the ischemic cortex and the ischemic caudoputamen of 36 SD adult rats by using focal cerebral ischemic model and immunohistochemical method RESULTS: On the 3rd day after ischemia, an increased number of round ED1 positive cells were found in the outer boundary of cortical ischemic foci and the ischemic caudoputamen, and some of the positive cells were present in the cortical ischemic core At 2nd week after ischemia, ED1 positive cells peaked in number, and they were located at cortical ischemic core and lateral caudoputamen, at which they persisted up to 6 weeks after ischemia. On the 3rd day after ischemia, ramified OX42 positive cells became hypertrophy and a marked increase in number, and they were present at the periphery of ischemic foci and in the ischemic caudoputamen At 2nd week after ischemia, OX42 positive cells became more hypertrophy, and a number of round OX42 positive cells were detected in the cortical ischemic core, in which they persisted up to 6 weeks after ischemia. CONCLUSION:Focal cerebral ischemia induces microglial/macrophagic reaction persistently, which may be correlative with neuronal delayed injury and self recovery of ischemic foci.

Background Our previous study showed that the expression level of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) increases in astrocytes and Müller cells of retina in chronic hypertensive eye,and this change was clarified to be associated with the damage process of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) exists in neural glial cells,so we conjecture AQP4 plays a role in the regulating GFAP expression in glaucomatous eye.Objectives This study was to investigate whether AQP4 gene can regulate the expression of GFAP in retina and explore the effect of AQP4 on RGCs damage of glaucoma.Methods Chronic ocular hypertensive eye models were established by cauterizing the scleral venous in the left eyes of 30 male AQP4-/-mice and 30 male wild type (WT) mice with the same background,and the right eyes served as control eyes.The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with Icare rebound tonometer at 1 day,3,7,14 and 28 days respectively and the retinas were isolated from 6 of each types of mice at the corresponding time points.The expression of GFAP in the retina was detected by Western blot.The use and care of the experimental animals followed ARVO Statement.Results The IOP was significantly higher in the model eyes than that of the control eyes 1 day,3,7,14 and 28 days in both AQP-/-mice (t =15.29,16.02,13.77,14.34,12.40,all at P＜0.05) and WT mice (t =17.65,14.91,15.97,13.41,12.53,all at P ＜0.05).GFAP was expressed in the control eyes both of the AQP4-/-mice and the WT mice.The expressing level of GFAP (GFAP/β-actin) in retinas was 1.00±0.00,1.99±0.29,4.05±0.69,4.47±0.48,3.21±0.35 and 3.25±0.53 in the control eyes and 1-,3-,7-,14-,28-day model eyes of WT mice; and those in the AQP4-/-mice were 1.00±0.00,1.69±0.31,2.27 ±0.55,2.79 ± 0.39,1.93 ± 0.31 and 1.54 ± 0.40,with a significant difference in the expressing level of GFAP in various time points (F =9.54,P＜0.05).In addition,significant gradually elevation of GFAP expression were seen in the WT mice and gradually decline of GFAP expression was found in the AQP4-/-mice with the lapse of time (all at P＜0.05).No significant difference was seen in the expression of GFAP in the control eyes between the WT mice and AQP4-/-mice (P＞0.05).However,the expression level of GFAP in retina was significantly higher in the WT mice than that of A QP4-/-mice 3,7,14 and 28 days after operation (t =4.51,7.95,6.12,5.76,all at P＜0.01).tonelusions In chronic high IOP mice,AQP4 gene plays an important role in retinal damage by upregulating the expression of GFAP in retina and promoting the activation of RGCs.AQP4 probably is a new target of treatment of glaucoma.

Background Long-term administration of glucocorticoid drugs induces ocular hypertension in susceptible individuals probably.It has been verified that 1 1β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1),glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) can affect the generating of aqueous humor,but how they play the role in glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the relationship of expressions of 11β-HSD1 and steroids receptors in ciliary body and steroid-induced ocular hypertension.Methods Thirteen 12-16 week-old New Zealand albino rabbits were randomized to control group (5 rabbits) and experimental group (8 rabbits).Steroid-induced glaucoma models were induced by administration of subconjunctival injection of 5 mg dexamethasone solution(1 ml) and 0.5％ dexamethasone eye drops on alternate days in the left eyes for consecutive two months in the experimental group,and the equal volume of sterile normal saline solution was used in the same way in the control group.The successful criteria of model eyes was defined as rising of intraocular pressure (IOP) to ≥ 18 mmHg for over one week.Then,the animals were sacrificed by excessive anesthesia and the ciliary tissues were isolated for the assay of expressions of 1 1β-HSD1 protein by immunochemistry,and the expressions of 11β-HSD1 mRNA,GR mRNA and MR mRNA in ciliary body were semi-quantitatively detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).The experimental results were compared between the two groups.Results The IOP was normal in the first two weeks after administration of drugs,and no significant difference was found in IOP between the first week and the second week in the experimental group (q =0.469,P ＞0.05).From 3 through 5 weeks after injection,the IOP was gradually elevated,with the highest value of (18.87±0.77) mmHg in the fifth week.Significant differences were seen between the two groups at mentioned-above time points (q =10.535,20.353,28.681,all at P ＜ 0.01).11β-HSD1 protein was positively expressed in nonpigmented epithelial cells of ciliary tissue of rabbits in both groups,however,the expression intensity was weaker in the experimental group compared with the control group.The relative expressional values of MR mRNA,GR mRNA and 11β-HSD1 mRNA in the ciliary tissue were 2.22±0.78,0.64±0.11 and 0.47±0.16 in the experimental group,and those in the control group were 0.94±0.27,1.88±0.74 and 2.68±1.28,with significant differences between the two groups (t =6.070,P =0.004 ; t =5.170,P =0.007 ; t =5.540,P =0.005).Conclusions Corticosteroidinduced glaucoma probably is associated with the up-regulation of MR level and down-regulations of GR and 11β-HSD1 in ciliary body.