National Cancer Institute initiated the project of building the cancer genome anatomy project in order to find a series of indices to retrieve information about genes,proteins and other biological markers related to cancers in 1996.At present,the project has been speeded up with the help of advances in the development of bioinformatics that could provide enormous biological information.Several bioinformations techniques that are commonly used include: Expressed Sequence Tags,Unigene,Serial Analysis of Gene Expression and Digital Differential Display.Each method has its own advantages,which together make up the bioinformatics technology.In this article,we reviewed the application of bioinformatics in cancer research and predict its trend.

Objective:To investigate the changes of monoamine oxidase B(MAO B)activity in variety of neurodegenerative animal models and to discuss their significance.Methods:The neurodegenerative models were built with NIH male mice by means of the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,aluminum overloading and carbon monoxide intoxication,respectively.The learning and memory ability of mice,MAO B activity of brain homogenates,and pathomorphological changes of hippocampal slices were determined using Morris maze and Step-down tests,MAO B kit,as well as microscopic observation with HE stain.Result:Although the significantly decreasing learning and memory ability and loss and karyopyknosis of hippocampal neurons were observed in three groups of animal models,compared with control group,the changes of MAO B activity were quite different.There was no significant change in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model,but the unusual elevation was found in both aluminum overloading model and carbon monoxide intoxication model.Conclusion:The abnormal increase of MAO B does not occur in a variety of neurodegenerative animal models,which may indicate that the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model can be used in the research of dementia and aluminum overloading model and carbon monoxide intoxication model can be used in the research of both dementia and extrapyramidal disease.

Following acute and chronic liver injury, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) become activated to undergo a phenotypic transformation into myofibroblast-like cells and lose their retinol content, but the mechanisms of retinoid loss and its potential roles in HSCs activation and liver fibrosis are not understood. The influence of retinoids on HSCs and hepatic fibrosis remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) on cell proliferation, mRNA expression of collagen genes [procollagen α1 (I), procollagen α1 (III)], profibrogenic genes (TGF-β(1), CTGF, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, PAI-1), fibrolytic genes (MMP-3, MMP-13) and the upstream element (JNK and AP-1) in the rat hepatic stellate cell line (CFSC-2G). Cell proliferation was evaluated by measuring BrdU incorporation. The mRNA expression levels of collagen genes [procollagen α1 (I), procollagen α1 (III)], profibrogenic genes (TGF-β(1), CTGF, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, PAI-1), and fibrolytic genes (MMP-3, MMP-13) were quantitatively detected by using real-time PCR. The mRNA expression of JNK and AP-1 was quantified by RT-PCR. The results showed that ATRA inhibited HSCs proliferation and diminished the mRNA expression of collagen genes [procollagen α1 (I), procollagen α1 (III)] and profibrogenic genes (TGF-β(1), CTGF, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, PAI-1), and significantly stimulated the mRNA expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 in HSCs by suppressing the mRNA expression of JNK and AP-1. These findings suggested that ATRA could inhibit proliferation and collagen production of HSCs via the suppression of active protein-1 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signal, then decrease the mRNAs expression of profibrogenic genes (TGF-β(1), CTGF, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, PAI-1), and significantly induce the mRNA expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of combined therapy on chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS). METHODS Thirty cases with CRS in stage Ⅱ-2 were treated by FESS. At 1,3,6-month after operation,endoscopy and nasal mucosa biopsy were performed and the clinic symptoms were reassessed. RESULTS Although fine mucosal epithelization was found in all cases at 6 month after operation,mild edema of mucosa and muciform secretion still existed in 10 cases. Mucociliary transport rate (MTR) was 3.63?1.74 mm/min before operation,and was 6.27?1.31 mm/min at 6-month after operation. Compared with that before operation,the MTR was significantly improved whereas it had not rehabilitated to normal status. The decrease of inflammatory cells and alleviation of submucosal edema were observed in the mucosa of maxillary sinus. Nevertheless,the number of goblet cells and submucosa glands did not improve significantly. The ultrastructure of the mucosa was not recovered completely at 6 month after operation. CONCLUSION With combined therapy on CRS for 6 months, clinical cure can be achieved,but mucosal inflammatory reaction is still existed.

The application of the multimedia combined with the PBL teaching model to the teaching of Gynaecology and Obstetrics is an open teaching model.It emphasizes that the class-teaching will be problem-based,and it can improve the students' initiative greatly and their enthusiasm as well.In this way,it can urge their desire to participate in the class-room activities and acquire knowledge.The method combined multimedia with PBL can also improve the teachers' teaching skills and their over-all clinical working abilities.

Objective To evaluate the role of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody(ACCP) and rheumatoid factor(RF) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods ACCP antibody and RF were detected in serum samples of 90 RA patients,30 other diseases patients and 35 healthy blood donors.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,agreement rate and Youden`s index of these parsmeters for the diangnosis of RA were analyzed.We maped the receiver operative characteristic curve(ROC) and calculated area under the ROC curve.Results The positive rates of ACCP and RF were higher than those of patients with other diseases or healthy controls(P0.5).Conclusion ACCP is a valuable index for RA diagnosis.It is useful in improving the diagnostic accuracy of RA.

Lycopene—a kind of important active compound of caroteinoids, is greatly beneficial to human health with its diverse biological functions. With the elucidation of lycopene biosynthetic pathway and cloning genes of relative enzymes from microorganisms, it is possible to regulate lycopene biosynthesis via genetic engineering. The biosynthesis pathways of lycopene and gene cloning of lycopene biosynthetic enzymes in microorganisms were reviewed, and gene engineering strains documented in previous works including: E.coli and yeast constructed by genetic recombination, mold strains enhanced the ability of producing lycopene by gene manipulation were summarized. At last, compared with the present methods, the problems existed in the process of construction were pointed out.

To evaluate the clinical effect of therapeutic soft corneal contact lens in combination with fresh amniotic membrane transplantation in the treatment of pterygium and its clinical value.
●METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of 200 pterygium excision patients (200 cases, 220 eyes) in hospital from January 2010-June 2011. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (100 cases, 110 eyes) were patients treated with fresh amniotic membrane transplantation and therapeutic soft corneal contact lens while group 2 ( control group, 100 cases, 110 eyes) did not use corneal contact lens. The clinical outcomes in these two groups were compared in a 6 - 18mo postoperative follow-up observation.
●RESULTS: ln control group using corneal contact lens the epithelium repair time ranged from 2 - 7d with an average time of 3. 8d; in group 1 the epithelial repair time ranged from 1 - 5d with an average time of 2. 5d. The patients were followed up for 6 - 18mo, 9 recurrent eyes were found in control group, the recurrence rate was 8. 2%; 5 recurrent eyes were found in experimental group the recurreat rate was 4. 5%. There were significant differences in the 2 groups comparing treatment outcomes (P< 0. 05). Early stimulative symptoms after surgery can be reduced by wearing contact lenses.
●CONCLUSlON:The therapeutic effect of fresh amniotic membrane transplantation after pterygium excision is enhanced by the therapeutic application of corneal contact lens. The epithelial repair time is shortened, the recurrence rate is reduced after pterygium excision and stimulative symptoms including photophobia, tearing, foreign body sensation and ophthalmodynia caused by corneal epithelial defect can be relieved.

AIM:To investigate the changes of subfoveal choroidal thickness ( SFCT ) in central serous chorioretinopathy ( CSCR) eyes and to compare them with normal control eyes.
METHODS: This was a case-control study and a Meta-analysis. Forty - six CSCR patients diagnosed by the fundus pre - set lens, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were enrolled in this study. Sixty two age-, sex-, diopter- and axial length-matched 62 normal subjects ( 62 eyes ) were enrolled in this study as the control group. Using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography ( EDI-OCT) , SFCT of CSCR eyes and normal control eyes were measured and compared. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed to assess the association between SFCT and clinical factors. The Meta - analysis were conducted using the Stata software package to calculate the summary weighted mean differences ( WMDs) .
RESULTS:The mean SFCT of the CSCR group and the normal control group was 397. 34±83. 91μm and 274. 48±62. 57μm, respectively. The CSCR eyes had a thicker choroid than the control eyes at the SFCT (P<0. 01). Univariate and multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the SFCT was significantly thicker in association with the CSCR diagnosis. The result of our case-control study was consistent with the results of the further Meta-analysis with the pooled WMD of 156. 13μm (95% CI:137. 43, 174. 83) for SFCT.
CONCLUSION:Along with the comprehensive Meta-analysis, SFCT in CSCR eyes was thicker than that of normal control eyes. Increased SFCT might be associated with CSCR.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Zishen Pingchan Granules in treating non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson disease (PD). Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was used. 124 patients with PD were randomly divided into the treatment group (n=62) and the control group (n=62). Patients not yet taking Western medicine were suspended the application of Western medicine, receiving direct TCM treatment. Patients who had already taken Western medicine were added TCM on the basis of original medicine dosage and method. The treatment group was given Zishen Pingchan Granules, while the control group was treated with placebo granule, once a bag, twice a day. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks. The clinical efficacy was assessed by using unified PD rating scale (UPDRSⅡ–Ⅲ), the scale for outcomes in PD for autonomic symptoms (SCOPA-AUT), Parkinson disease sleep scale (PDSS) and dosage of levodopa. Results The UPDRSⅡ and UPDRS Ⅲscores of the treatment group and the control group after 4, 8, and 12 week of treatment had no difference at each time point compared with before treatment (P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in scores of UPDRSⅡ and UPDRSⅢ after treatment (P>0.05). Efficacy of SCOPA-AUT in treatment group after treatment was significantly better than the control group; There was statistical significance in constipation, salivation, nocturia and sweating in SCOPA-AUT between the two groups after treatment (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, PDSS scores in treatment group after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment increased significantly (P<0.05). After 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, PDSS scores in treatment group were much higher than control group (P<0.01). By comparing PDSS score in the two groups before and after treatment, it showed that treatment group had better efficacy in extending the time to sleep, reducing nocturia, nightmares, and hallucinations (P<0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, dosage of levodopa in control group increased significantly, which treatment group was much lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Zishen Pingchan Granules can improve the autonomic dysfunctionin and sleep quality of PD patients, and can significantly reduce the dosage of levodopa.