Double-hit B cell lymphoma refers to a group of mature B cell lymphoma presented with MYC/8q24 rearrangement with one or more concurrent chromosomal translocations.The first and most common translocation ever found is t(14;18)(q32;q21) involving BCL2.Other breakpoint types include MYC+/ BCL2+/BCL6+,MYC+/BCL6+,CCND1+/MYC+,BCL3+/MYC+ et al.This article reviewed the recent publications about the double-hit B cell lymphoma with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma.The contents of the review include epidemiology,clinical characteristics,histopathology,treatment,prognosis and some prospects for future work.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and diagnostic experiences of retroperitoneal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC).Methods Clinical data of primary retroperitoneal NEC from January 2000 to January 2012 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Results Five candidates were included 4 male and 1 female.The median age was 53 years old.3 cases initially suffered from abdominal pain and radiative back pain,2 cases were confirmed by normal physical check.The CT scan and B type ultrasound were performed among all patients,1 case was diagnosed as pancreas head neoplasm,1 case pancreas insulinoma,which was closely associated with other tissues and the intervational therapy was performed twice preoperatively.All 5 cases were selected surgery as the main treatment,2 cases performed radical tumor resection,3 cases received bypass operation.2 cases were 3 years survival.Conclusion Retroperitoneal NEC is a rare carcinoma,characterized by seriously invasion and high malignant degree.Surgery still remains the mainstay of selections,early diagnosis can significantly improve NEC patients’ overall survival rate.But the early diagnosis rate of this rare kind of patients still need to be improved.

1 case of intraductal papilloma of parotid gland was analyzed by means of clinicopathologic data,hematoxylin-eosin and immuno-histochemical staining.Combined with the relevant literature,clinical pathological features,diagnosis and treatment of the salivary gland intra-ductal papilloma were discussed.

Objective To find out the rate of deterioration of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during pregnancy,the incidence of co-existing pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and the ways of antepartum treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data was performed in 19 cases of SLE with pregnancy from 1998 to 2003.Results SLE with pregnancy had an acute deterioration rate of 52.6% and incidence of co-existing PIH of 52.6% and 31.6%,which were related to patients'condition and remissions.Conclusion When SLE happens in pregnancy,it is more likely to get worse and complicated with PIH.It is necessary to enhance the antepartum monitoring and treatment for these patients.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a member of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, has 3 subtypes, namely, PPAR?, PPAR?/?, and PPAR?; among them PPAR? plays an important role in adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and blood pressure controlling. This article reviews the relationship between PPAR? and diabetic nephropathy.

Keratoconus is a relatively common, bilateral, non-inflammatory corneal ectasia characterized by thinning and scarring of the central portion of the cornea,seriously destroyed the vision. The aetiology of this condition is probably multiple factors,such as collagen themry,genetic themry,epithelia themry,etc.Now,recent investigations devote to gene,and think it one of the major aetiological factors. Laboratory studies suggest a role for degradative enzymes and proteinase inhibitors and a possible role for the interleukin-1 system in its pathogenesis, but these roles need to be more clearly defined. It has well-described clinical signs, but early forms of the disease may go undetected unless the anterior corneal topography is studied. Contact lenses are the most common treatment modality. When contact lenses fail, corneal transplant is the best and most successful surgical option.

In the tumor microenvironment, inflammatory cells regulate intracellular signaling transduction mediated by the corresponding nuclear transcription factor by releasing inflammatory factors ,which leads to transformation of epithelial cells to mesenchymalcellsand eventually promote tumor metastasis. Because of the intimate relationship between inflammation and tumor metastasis , it would be helpful for further enhancement of effectiveness of tumor therapy if we could better understand both the biological character of tumor and the related inflammatory factors.

Objective To understand the effect of the resect margin(RM)to hepatectomy for primary hepatocellularcarcinoma(PHC).Methods In 544 cases,72 cases were small PHC(≤3cm),473 cases were large PHC(＞3cm). Four groups were classified according to the distance of RM The 5-year recurrence rate and survival rate after hepatic resection in each group were analyzed. Results RM with residue cancer or cancer embolus had a high 5-year recurrencre rate and lower survival rate in both small and large PHC. Small PHC with RM≥1.0cm and large PHC with RM≥2.0cm had higher 5-year survival rate and lower recurrence rate. Conclusion We recommend RM≥1.0cm for smallPHC and RM≥2.0cm for large PHC.

Most content of pathophysiology is built by black-box method.Pathophysiology learning is a process from black-box to grey box and white-box.Therefore,black-box teaching method is a good way to train students efficiently and rapidly.It fits pathophysiology education wel1.During teaching of pathophysilogical theory and experimental classes,we should carefully design various black-boxes,and introduce students try to resolve the black-box problems,so as to interest students in pathophysiology and train them the capability to analyse and resolve problems.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Danhong injection combined with low molecular weight heparin (LM-WH) on clinical symptoms,serum inflammatory factors and lung function in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS:A total of 146 elderly patients with COPD were randomly divided into observation group and con-trol group,with 73 cases in each group. Both groups received conventional treatment. On this basis,control group was given Dan-hong injection 30 mL,intravenous drip,once a day. Observation group was additionally given LMWH sodium injection 5000 IU, subcutaneously,twice a day,on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated for 14 d. Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were observed and compared. The clinical symptom score,the levels of IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α,FEV1,FEV1/FVC,pa(O2),pa(CO2) and the occurrence of ADR were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS:After treatment,the total response rate of observa-tion group was significantly higher than that of control group(93.15%vs. 78.08%,P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statis-tical significance between above indexes (P>0.05). After treatment,individual clinical symptom score,total clinical symptom score,the levels of IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α,pa(CO2)in 2 groups were significantly lower than before;the observation group was signif-icantly lower than the control group;FEV1,FEVl/FVC,pa(O2) were significantly higher than before,and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on conventional treatment,Danhong injection combined with LMWH is effective in the treatment of senile COPD,and can significantly improve the clinical symptoms,serum inflammatory factors levels and pulmonary function with good safety.