Bone remodeling is an ordered process of coupling of bone resorption and bone formation. Cytokines secreted by different bone cells and membrane molecules expressed by bone cells are involved in regulation of coupling of bone resorption and bone formation. To reveal the mechanism of bone coupling is of great significance in the study and diagnosis of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. In the present review, we summarize the progression of mechanisms by which cytokines and the related membrane molecules are regulating the coupling of bone resorption and bone formation.

Objective To investigate the changesof glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)in type 2 diabetic patients with normal serum creatinine(Scr)and serum cystatin C(Cys-C). Methods A total of 166 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted into our hospital from January 2014 to September 2015 were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups according to the level of Scr and Cys-C:T2DM patients with normal Scr and Cys-C (normal group,n =109),T2DM patients with normal Scr and high level of Cys-C (high Cys-C group,n=40),and T2DM patients with high levels of Scr and Cys-C (high Scr Cys-C group,n=17). Normal group were further divided into two subgroups according to the level of eGFR:eGFR≥90 ml/(min·1.73 m2 )subgroup and eGFR<90 ml/(min·1.73 m2 )subgroup.Clinical characteristics and laboratory datawere collected in all subjects. eGFR were measured by 99mTc-DTPA nephro-dynamic imaging. Results The average value of eGFR were significantly different in normal group(82.68±13.45)ml/(min·1.73 m2 ),high Cys-C group(67.93 ±14.01)ml/(min·1.73 m2 )and high Scr,Cys-C group (50.54±15.10)ml/(min·1.73 m2 ). In normal group,the proportion of patients with eGFR equal or greater than 90 ml/(min·1.73 m2 )was 26.6%,patients with eGFR ranged from 60 to 89 ml/(min·1.73 m2 )was 72.5%,patients with eGFR ranged from 30 to 59 ml/(min·1.73 m2 )was 0.9%. After follow-up for three months,in normal group,the proportion of patients with CKD stage1 was 4.6%,patients with CKD stage 2 was 34.9%,and patients with CKD stage 3 was 0.9%.Multivariate logistic regressionanalysis in normal group showed that female,older age,higher TC,lower LVEF were risk factors for eGFR decline (P <0.05). Conclusion In T2DM patients with normal Scr and Cys-C, 73.4% of them had mild to moderate eGFR decline,and 40.4%entered CKD stage in this study.eGFR should be evaluated especially in T2DM patients with risk factors including female,older age,higher TC and lower LVEF.

Injury to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most common lesions of the knee joint. Reconstruction of ACL has been the primary treatment for the instability of the knee. Compared with the traditional reconstruction with patellar tendon, the hamstring tendon has many advantages, such as less damage to the donor site and less incidence of antero-patellar or kneeling pain. This paper highlights the basic and clinical research on ACL reconstruction.

Objective To establish the enzyme‐linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA) method for a large‐scale screening of IgA deficiency in blood donors .Methods The indirect ELISA was adopted .The goat anti‐human IgA antibody was coated in microwell plates and labeled by horse radish peroxidase (HRP) as enzyme‐labelled secondary antibody .Results The sensitivity of established ELISA detection method was 0 .1 μg/mL .The intraassay coefficients of variation (CV) for IgA concentrations of 0 .1 ,100 μg/mL were 1 .74% to 3 .49% .The median interassay CV was 3 .48% (range:1 .83% -6 .96% ) .The assay process was 80 min . Conclusion TheELISA detection method is successfully established with high sensitivity ,strong specificity ,timesaving and easy operating and can be used for a large scale screening of Ig A deficiency and establishment of blood donors bank of Ig A deficiency .

BACKGROUND: Bilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with intervertebral decompression and fusion is a classic surgical approach in treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases, but it can cause ligament and other soft tissue damage of lumbar spine and degeneration of the adjacent segments. While translaminar facet screw fixation has its unique advantages.OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of unilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with translaminar facet screw fixation and bilateral pedicle screw fixation for lower lumbar degenerative diseases.METHODS: Forty-six patients with single-level lower lumbar degenerative disease were enrolled, and were then treated with bilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with intervertebral fusion (group A, n=24) or unilateral pedicle screw along with translaminar facet screw fixation and intervertebral fusion (group B, n=22). Afterwards, the clinical indexes and efficacy were compared between two groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All operations were performed successfully. The length of incision, operation time,intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume and cost of hospitalization in the group B were significantly superior to those in the group A (P < 0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in the rate of fusion between two groups (P > 0.05). (3) The visual analogue scale and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores in both groups at 1 week,3, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively were significantly improved compared with baseline (P < 0.05), but the scores had no significant differences between two groups (P > 0.05). (4) To conclude, unilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with translaminar facet screw fixation and bilateral pedicle screw fixation both exhibit satisfactory treatment outcomes,while the former holds little trauma, good stability, high fusion rate and less cost, which is a better choice for lower lumbar degenerative diseases.

Objective To evaluate the application of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) based on CT simulation in different respiratory phases in patients gaed≥70 years. Methods A total of 51 patients gaed≥70 years (range 70-88 years, mean age 73.5 years) with NSCLC were treated by 3D-CRT alone, using CT images of different respiratory phases. The case numbers at Ⅰb, Ⅱb, Ⅲa, Ⅲb and Ⅳstage were 3, 7, 19, 17 and 5, respectively. Both gross tumor volumes (GTV) at the end of inspiration and expiration were fused to a total GTV which was close to motorial range of tumor in respiration, and the expansion of clinical target volume/ planning target volume (CTV/PTV) need not include respiratory motion moreover. Compared with plans of classic 3D-CRT, the efficacy, prognostic factors and side effect of this treatment were evaluated. Results Compared with the traditional expansion of CTV/PTV, the volumes of PTV in this scheme were averagely 19.3% lower (median, 17.5%),and the volumes of lung that received equal dose to tumor were averagely 21.8% lower (median, 19.9%). The 1-, 2-and 3-years total survival rates were 70. 6%, 54.9% and 29.4% with a overall tumor response rate of 78.4%. KPS scores and node stages were independent prognostic factors, age was not. Conclusions CT simulations in different respiratory phases can effectively reduce PTV and improve the life quality without affecting the therapeutic effect in senile patients with NSCLC, and can be well tolerated.

Objective To investigate the relation between omentin and coronary artery disease.Methods Eighty-eight eases were divided into 2 groups, coronary artery disease group (56 cases, includingacute coronary syndrome 28 cases and stable angina 28 cases), and non-coronary artery disease group (32cases). The plasma omentin levels were assayed by ELISA, and height, weight, blood pressure, totalcholesterol high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),lriglyeeride (TG), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were detected. Results The plasma omentin level incoronary artery disease group [(33.4 + 6.4) μg/L] was lower than that in non-coronary artery disease group [(51.8 + 7.7) μg/L](P= 0.034). Logistic analysis showed that the decline of omentin was an independent risk factor of coronary artery disease (P=0.012). Conclusions The decline of omentin is an independent risk factor of coronary artery disease. The plasma omentin may contribute, in part, to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of phospholipids supplementation on nutritional status and antioxidant status of trained mice. The results indicate that: 1)In phospholipids supplementation groups concentrations of Hb and serum phospholipid increase significantly, serum Alb concentration tends to increase.Phospholipids supplementation can also help the recovery of Hb which is decreased after exhaustive exercise.2)Phospholipids supplementation can improve antioxidative status in some tissue .3)The activity of SOD is highest in quadriceps while the activity of GPX is highest in liver, and concentration of MDA is lowest in kidney.Different kinds of tissue show different levels of SOD, GPX and MDA, indicating their different abilities of antioxidation.4) Phospholipids supplementation have no effect on body weights of trained mice.

Objective To investigate the relation between plasma omentin and glycometabolism.Methods Eighty-five cases were divided into 3 groups by glucose tolerance test:diabetes mellitus group (42cases), impaired glucose regulation group (17 cases) and normal glucose regulation group (26 cases). The level of plasma omentin was assayed by ELISA. Results The level of plasma omentin was (53.7 ± 7.7),(40.7 ±9.9) and (30.6 ±5.3) μg/L in diabetes mellitus group, impaired glucose regulation group and normal glucose regulation group. There was significant difference among three groups (P= 0.049) and there was significant difference between diabetes mellitus group and normal glucose regulation group (P= 0.014).The level of plasma omentin in normal glycometabolism was (53.7 ± 7.7) μ g/L , and the level of plasma omentin in abnormal glycometabolism was (33.5 ± 6.0) μ g/L. There was significant difference between them(P = 0.023 ). Logistic analysis showed that the decline of plasma omentin was the independent risk factor ofglycometabolic disturbance (P= 0.027). Conclusion Omentin may play important roles in glycometabolic disturbance.

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia ; diagnosis ; Death, Sudden ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged