OBJECTIVE:To explore the pharmacoeconomic effect of Ginkgo dipyidamolum,argatroban or sodium ozagerl combined with edaravone in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction(ACI). METHODS:In retrospective study,64 ACI patients were divided into group A(Ginkgo dipyidamolum+edaravone,22 cases),group B(argatroban+edaravone,19 cases)and group C (sodium ozagerl+edaravone,23 cases). Therapeutic efficacies were observed after 7-14 days of treatment;therapy cost was calculat-ed,and cost-minimization analysis was used to evaluate pharmacoeconomics. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in to-tal effective rate among 3 groups(P>0.05);the costs of group A,group B and group C were 8 746.36 yuan,10 770.64 yuan and 8 264.67 yuan. Results of sensitivity analysis were in line with those of cost-minimization analysis. CONCLUSIONS:Therapy plan of sodium ozagerl+edaravone is the economical regime in the treatment of ACI .

Objective To explore the difference in bacterial flora between faeces and mucosa of sigmoid colon,the possible role and significance of microbiota alteration in the genesis of ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods Fusobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides and Escherichia were selected as target bacteria colonies.The content of six target bacteria colonies in faeces and mucosa of sigmoid colon of 35 UC patients (20 active UC, and 15 UC in remission) and 20 health controls were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Two independent samples t-test was performed to compare the differences in bacterial flora between faeces and mucosa of sigmoid colon.Variance analysis was used to compare the differences in bacterial flora among health controls group,active stage group and remission stage group.Results In health control group, the contents of Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus in faeces ((10.94 ± 0.29),(12.42±0.39), (8.73±0.84), (9.05±0.35), respectively) were higher than those in the mucosa of sigmoid colon ((9.36±0.66), (9.88±0.82), (7.70±1.17) and (7.96±0.68), respectively, t=9.83, 12.51, 3.20 and 6.35, all P＜0.05).However, the content of Escherichia was lower in faeces than that in the mucosa of sigmoid colon ((8.03±1.02) lg copy/g vs (8.91±0.52) lg copy/g, t=-3.44, P＜0.05).There was no difference in the content of Bifidobacterium between faeces and mucosa of sigmoid colon ((9.54±0.79) lg copy/g vs (9.42±0.98) lg copy/g, P＞0.05).For UC patients, the contents of Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in faeces ((9.62 ±± 1.13),(11.31±0.71), (9.33±0.65), (8.42±0.80) and (8.85±0.73) lg copy/g, respectively) were higher than those in the mucosa of sigmoid colon ((9.00±0.79), (8.80±0.66), (7.46±0.82), (6.82±1.07) and (8.40±0.72) lg copy/g, respectively, t=2.66, 15.28, 10.58, 7.12 and 2.56, all P＜0.05).The content of Escherichia was lower in faeces than that in the mucosa of sigmoid colon ((8.50 ± 0.52) lg copy/g vs (9.26±0.87) lg copy/g, t=-4.45, P＜0.05).Compared with health control group, the content of Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides ((8.83 ± 0.81), (7.48 ± 1.59), (8.55±0.79) and (11.11±0.88) lg copy/g) all decreased (F=84.45, 14.58, 10.43 and 24.91, all P＜0.05), while the contents of Enterococcus and Escherichia increased ((9.63 ± 0.39) and (8.74 ±0.53) lg copy/g, F=9.87 and 5.55,both P＜0.05).For remission stage group, only the content of Bacteroides decreased ((11.56±0.21) lg copy/g, P＜0.05).Compared with health control group, the contents of Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium ((8.52 ± 0.30), (8.34 ±0.29), (6.29±0.52) and (8.06±0.21) lg copy/g) all decreased in active stage group (F=16.99,35.98,22.28 and 16.08, all P＜0.05);the content of Escherichia increased ((9.68±0.56) lg copy/g, F=11.19,P＜0.05);there was no difference in the content of Enterococcus ((7.19±0.32) lg copy/g, P＞0.05).In remission stage group, the contents of Bacteroides fragilis and Bifidobacterium decreased ((9.42±0.48) lg copy/g and (8.87±0.89) lg copy/g, both P＜0.05), there was no difference in other bacterias (all P＞0.05).In both faeces and mucosa of sigmoid colon, the ratios of Bifidobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae (B/E value) in active stage group were less than 1 (0.98±0.13 and 0.84±0.05),which significantly decreased compared with health control group (1.21 ± 0.19, 1.06 ± 0.08;F=12.64,76.20, both P＜0.05).In remission stage group, B/E values were higher than 1 both in faeces and mucosa (1.14±0.08 and 1.02±0.04), and there was no difference compared with those of control group (P＞0.05).Conclusions The distribution of target bacteria in feces and sigmoid colonis differed between health controls and UC patients.There are obvious changes in fecal and mucosa associated bacterial flora in UC patients especially in active stage compared with healthy controls.

Objective Sigmoid mucosa specimens of the patients with ulcerative colitis ( UC ) at active stage and remission stage were respectively detected by real-time PCR for the contents of the six kinds of bacterial floras inclu-ding fusobacterium, enterococcus, lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, bacteroides, and escherichia coli. So the possi-ble roles and significance of the changes of intestinal mucosa associated bacterial flora in the pathogenesis of UC were discussed. Methods Sigmoid biopsy tissues were collected from 35 UC patients ( 20 cases were activities group while 15 cases were remission group) and 20 healthy cases( control group) . Specific primers were set accord-ing to the bacterial 16 SrDNA sequences. Bacterial DNA of the intestinal mucosa specimens was extracted, and re-al-time PCR was used to detect the numbers of different bacterial colonies. Results In sigmoid mucosa specimens of the UC group at activities group, escherichia coli colony was increased, while bifidobacterium, bacteroides, lac-tobacillus and fusobacterium, were reduced compared to the control group(P<0.05). But for enterococcus, there was no significant change(P>0.05). And in remission group, bacteroides and bifidobacterium were reduced com-pared with the control group(P<0.05), while no significant changes were found in escherichia coli, lactobacillus, fusobacterium and enterococcus( P >0.05 ) . The ration of bifidobacterium to escherichia coli ( B/E ) in UC pa-tients at active stage was less than 1, which was lower than the control group. While B/E values in UC patients at remission stage and the control group were both larger than 1 , with no statistically significant difference between them. Conclusion There were obvious changes of intestinal bacterial flora in UC patients, and the change is more obvious in the UC patients at active stage, showing that there is a close relationship between intestinal mucosa asso-ciated bacterial flora and the development of UC.

Objective:To examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the eating beliefs questionnaire (EBQ-18) with Chinese subjects.Methods:Totally 230 university students were recruited for the preliminary survey of the EBQ-18(224 valid questionnaires were recovered). The formal EBQ-18 was set through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis.Then, 690 university students were selected to complete the formal EBQ-18 for the confirmatory factor analysis and the internal consistency analysis(674 valid questionnaires were recovered). Adult eating behavior evaluation questionnaire(AEBEQ)were selected as the criterion measurement which to examine the association between eating beliefs and eating behavior.Test-retest reliability were examined by 260 participants randomly selected after two weeks.Data analysis was conducted by using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 22.0 software.Results:The Chinese version of the EBQ-18 with 18 items had 3 dimensions, which were negative beliefs, positive beliefs and permissive beliefs.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Chinese version of the EBQ-18 had good structure validity(χ 2=333.82, df=132, RMSEA=0.08, NFI=0.91, CFI=0.92, GFI=0.90, PGFI=0.66). Cronbach α coefficient and the test-retest reliability were 0.91 and 0.87 for the total scale.The internal consistency coefficients were 0.87, 0.91, 0.86, and the test-retest reliability were 0.89, 0.84, 0.90 for the 3 factors. Conclusion:It suggests that the Chinese version of EBQ-18 is a reliable and valid assessment and can be used as an effective and reliable tool for assessing eating beliefs of university students in China.

Background and purpose:Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is with high invasion, poor prognosis and lack of usefull treatment. This study investigated expression status of ICAM-1 protein in TNBC in order to explore its relationship with clinicopathological features and outcome in patients.Methods:Fifty-nine tissue samples of TNBC were collected while 50 cases of para-carcinoma tissue samples were used as negative controls. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to detect expression level of ICAM-1 protein. The relationship of ICAM-1 protein expression with clinicopathological features (age, tumor size, subtype, grade, status of lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, vascular tumor thrombus, nerve inifltration, Ki-67, p53 and E-cadherin expression) and outcome in patients were analyzed.Results:The ICAM-1 protein expression of TNBC was signiifcantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (P=0.000). ICAM-1 expression was related to status of lymph node metastasis, grade and TNM stage (with aP-value of 0.036, 0.027 and 0.048, respectively), while demonstrated an undeifned relationship with tumor size, subtype, vascular tumor thrombus and expression of Ki-67, p53 and E-cadherin. The disease-free survival (DFS) of ICAM-1 high expression set was shorter than that of the lower one but has nothing to do with overall survival (OS). In addition, Cox proportional hazards model showed that ICAM-1 expression and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors of DFS in patients (HR=3.2, 95%CI: 1.6 to 6.4, HR=2.7, 95%CI: 1.28 to 5.9,P<0.05).Conclusion:ICAM-1 could serve as a predictive factor for differentiation status of TNBC. The high expression of ICAM-1 in TNBC may indicate poorer prognosis.

Humans ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics

Objective To observe the changes of red blood cell distribution width, mean platelet volume and cardiac troponin I in patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes, and to evaluate the value for early diagnosis by using ROC curve. Methods 191 patients with ACS and 206 patients with the chest pain syndromes non-ACS were selected in this study. Electrocardiogram,blood routine,creatinine, LDL-C and cardiac troponin I were determined within six hours after hospitalized,meanwhile the feature of ROC curves was observed. Results There was no significant difference between ACS group and non-ACS group about red blood cell, hemoglobin, platelet,creatinine and LDL-C［(3.82±0.57)×1012/L,(101.3±3.3)g/L,195（98.6-334.8）×109/L,69（45-120）μmol/L,(2.95±0.85)mg/dl vs (3.89±0.50）×1012/L,(103.5±3.7)g/L,201（135.2-346.9）×109/L,71（49-100）μmol/L,(2.82±0.75)mg/dL］ (P＞ 0. 05). Red blood cell distribution width, mean platelet volume and the cardiac troponin I in ACS group［13.70(12.00-15.20)%,9.4（7.42-12.31）fL,(5.63±1.39)μg/L］ were significantly higher than that of non-ACS group［12.60（11.20-13.83）%,8.2（6.24-10.97）fL,(0.04.±0.01)μg/L］ (P＜0.01) .The area under ROC curves of red blood cell distribution width,mean platelet volume and cardiac troponin I were 73.5%, 78.8%, 98.1% respectively, while the best cut-off value was 13.15%, 12.45 fL, 0.06 μg/L respectively. Conclusions The combination using of red blood cell distribution width andmean platelet volume and cardiac troponin I and other conventional cardiac markers might be served as early diagnosis marker for the ACS patients admitted to emergency departments.

Background and purpose:The time from ifrst onset of symptoms or signs to a deifnitive diagnosis is deifned as diagnostic interval (DI). The relation of DI to other clinicopathological parameters andthe impact of DI on prognosis of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unclear.This article plans to make an intensive study of these questions.Methods:The clinical records of a series of 83 consecutively presenting unselected patients referred to the Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital with diagnosed TNBC between September 2009 and September 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and pathological factors included were investigated by univariate analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method, the factors associated with prognosis were further evaluated by multivariable analysis with Cox progression model.t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to study the correlation between DI and other characters.Results:DI: stage T3>T1 (P=0.01), stageⅢ>Ⅱ (P=0.03) andⅠ (P=0.01). Compared with patients of DI≥3 months, the <3 months group had earlier age (P=0.028) and TNM stage (P=0.035). T stage, N stage, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, TNM stage and DI are inlfuencing factors of overall survival (OS). Age, T stage, N stage, TNM stage, menstrual status and neoadjuvant chemotherapy are inlfuencing factors of progression-free survival (PFS). TNM staging is an independent inlfuencing factor for OS and PFS.Conclusion:Patients with later disease stage were more likely to have a longer DI; The shorter DI, the earlier age and stage of disease; DI is the inlfuence factor of OS; TNM stage is an independent inlfuencing factor for OS and PFS.

Objective To study the electrophysiologic characteristics of atrial-ventricular reentrant tachycardia(AVRT)characterized by paroxysmal occurrence that slow atrioventricular accessory pathway participatesin.Methods Twenty-one cases were chosen from patients receiring radiofrequency ablation therapy in Peking University People's Hospital from July in 1999 to January of 2005.The patients with slow atrioventricular accessory pathways diagnosed correctly were divided into two groups with paroxysmal tachycardia and permanent tachycardia in terms of the occurrent frequence of AVRT.The electrophysiologic features of AVRT of two groups were contrastively analyzed.Results Compared with the group of permanent AVRT,it was found that antidromic refractory period of slow atrioventricular accessory pathways was longer[(359?46)ms vs (318?31)ms,P

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes pathological changes of the liver,including liver inflammation,hepatocyte necrosis,and even liver fibrosis,and promotes the progression from chronic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer,but related mechanisms remain unclear.The mechanism for the interaction between hepatocytes infected by HBV and uninfected hepatocytes/host immune system might be exosomes-mediated cell-cell communication in liver microenvironment.Many studies have demonstrated that viral infection can regulate the production of exosomes and affect their composition,and viral microRNAs,proteins,and even the entire virion can be incorporated into the exosomes,which can affect the immune recognition of viruses or regulate the function of adjacent cells.This article elaborates on the production and composition of exosomes and their roles in viral infection,as well as the research advances in the association between exosomes and HBV infection.