Objective To investigate the status of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pheumoniae, analyze the characteristics of drug resistance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pheumoniae in our hospital from Jan 1998 to Dec 2006, in order to provide a guidance to clinical rational use of antibiotics.Methods Disc diffusion test (K-B method) was used to study the drug resistance of E. coli and K.pheumoniae isolates, and ESBLs-producing strains were identified with screening test and confirmatory test. WHONET5.4 software was apllied to performing data analysis.Results In 947 strains of E. coli, 311 strains (32.8%) were detected to produce ESBLs;in 293 strains of K.pheumoniae, 69 ESBLs-producing strains (23.5%) were detected. The resistance rate of ESBLs-producing strains was significantly higher than that of ESBLs non-producing ones (P<0.05), and but ESBLs-producing strains displayed multi-resistant.Conclusion The positive rate of ESBLs producing strains is higher in our hospital. Drug resistance monitoring should be strenghed to rationally use antibacterials and to prevent increase, prevalence and outbreak of ESBLs producing strains.

Objective　Standard method of testing serum fluoride was tested and verified by certified reference material CRM of free fluo ride component in cattle serum (GBW 09143～09144).The method was suited for fluor ide research to assess its practical value.Methods　ISE-standard curve,linear relationship,linear range,sensitive and precision were disired result by CRM.400 serum of fluoride in rats were measured.Results　The linear ranges of the method were 0.02～5.0 mg/L,r=0.9999,b=57.8,and test lower limit was 0.013 mg/L.The test value was equal to standard value.Conclusions　The standard method is accurate,sensitive,convenient and small sample is used;and it is easy to spread.Thus,it has been of practical value.

Objective To investigate the role of local angiotensin Ⅱ (ATⅡ) and its receptor (ATR) in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Methods Wistar rats were divided into two groups: 3 month group included control and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats and 6 month group included control, diabetic rats, and Losartan treated diabetic rats (3 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 orally from 3rd to 6th month after diabetes was induced). The cardiac function, ATⅡ and ATⅡ receptor were determined. Results The left ventricular diastolic dysfunction appeared in diabetes in 3rd month 〔-dp/dt max : (687?86 vs 864?94)mm Hg/s, P

OBJECTIVE:To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of doxorubicin hydrochloride concentration in human plasma.METHODS:Tianhe Kromasil C18 was used as column,A solution of methenol-0.01 mol?L-1ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-acetic acid(30200.1) was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection of wavelength was set at 233 nm.The sample size was 20?L and the column temperature was 35℃.The internal standard was daunorubicin.RESULTS:The calibration curve was linear in the range from 0.25～20.16 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 6);the average methodological recovery was 96.45%(RSD=2.16%).CONCLUSIONS:The method is rapid,accurate,reproducible and easy to use in clinical detection of blood concentration.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a RP-HPLC method to determinate the plasma concentration of paclitaxel in tumor patients.METHODS:Paclitaxel was extracted from plasma with organic phase(ethyl-acetate)by two-step extraction on Tianhe Kromasil C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-methanol-water(40∶25∶40)at a flow rate of 1 mL?min-1.The detective wavelength was set at 227 nm and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃.RESULTS:The linear range of paclitaxel was 0.05～5.00 mg?L-1(r=0.999 7)with average recovery rate at 98.75%～100.44%.Both intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD were less than 5%(n=5).The plasma concentration-time profile in 11 patients after iv infusion of paclitaxel was in line with a two-compartment model.CONCLUSION:This established method is simple,accurate,reproducible and applicable for clinical determination of blood drug concentration and pharmacokinetic studies.

Objective To explore the evidence for the morphologic comparability between the meridians and interstitial connective tissues in the lower limb with auto-marked and 3D-Rebuilding technology. Methods First,the muscles were extracted and noise was eliminated;With edge detection a convex hull of the muscles edge was found;The interstitial connective tissue points were marked in the cross section images of left leg from the digital dataset of Virtual Chinese Human-Male1(VCH-M1).Finally,the auto-marked images were reconstructed with 3D-Doctor. Results The reconstructed meridians in the lower limb auto-marked with computer procedures tallied basically with the meridians and collaterals recorded in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) illustrative graphics.Conclusion Having the advantages of digital anatomic study on acupuncture points earlier and mature 3D-Rebuilding techniques,the department of Anatomy of South Medical University cooperated with the Department of Scientific Calculation and Computer Application of Sun Yat-sen University to devise a set of computer programs which could be used to AutoMark interstitial connective tissues in Virtual Human lower limbs and then reconstruct virtual fascia meridians which corresponded with the TCM records.This method avoided man-made error to a certain degree in the process of recognizing and rebuilding of fascias.The study is significant to explore the morphologic comparability between the meridians and collaterals and interstitial connective tissues in human lower limb.

Objective To explore the bioactivity and stability of the antifungal substance produced by Streptomyces NG-715 as well as to establish the assay for biological activity detection. Method Take the antifungal substance as experimental materials, and test its minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration on four fungi strains including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp. Aspergillus niger was used as indicator strain to measure the biological activity and stability of the antifungal substance. Results The results showed that the MIC of the antifungal substance on four fungi strains including Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Penicillium citrinum,Aspergillus niger,Rhizopus sp were 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 3.75μg/mL, respectively. The MBC of the antifungal substance on four fungi strains were 2.5, 10, 17.5 and 17.5μg/mL, respectively. Linearity regress equation of the antifungal substance in Aspergillus niger was y=26.963 x-27.6,R 2=0.9991. The antifungal substance was pH-stable, heat-stable but ultravio1 et-sensible. Conclusion The results from this study will porvide useful information for the further extraction and analysis on the bioactive compound.

Objective To analyze the effect of ankle joint proprioceptor injury on the functional ankle instability. Methods The study enrolled 18 ( 13 males) with chronic ankle instability treated with ligament reconstruction operation. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgeons (AOFAS)score was used for evaluation of the function before and after operation and the balance system evaluate the proprioception function. The two ankle ligament specimens from fresh frozen body and the tissue samples from operation were used for investigation of the structure and distribution of the sensory corpuscles by using histology and immunohistoehemical staining. Results The sections were evaluated with a microscope and an image analyzer. Labeled nerve endings were mapped, measured and categorized. Type Ⅰ ( Ruffini-like ending) , type Ⅱ ( Pacinin-like corpuscle ) and type Ⅳ- (noncorpuscular) nerve endings could be identified in all the lateral ankle ligaments, with majority of types Ⅰ and Ⅱ nerve endings.These receptors were distributed primarily over the superficial ligament and near the bony attachments.There was statistical difference between preoperative and postoperative sway distance as well as between preoperative and postoperative AOFAS score. Conclusions This study suggests that the longer history,severer symptoms and lower AOFAS score may lead to the severer injury of the mechanical proprioceptors.The proprioceptor injury is correlated with ankle joint instability and the ligament reconstruction is effective to avoid the repeated injury of the proprioceptor.

Macrophages are heterogeneous and diversified, and can be polarized into different phenotypes in various microenvironments and physiological or pathological conditions. Major macrophage subpopulations including classically activated(M1) and alternatively activated(M2) macrophages, which represent different surface receptors, secret different cytokines and chemokines, are regulated by different signal paths of transcriptions and epigenetic levels, and play distinctive roles in tumor progress. TCMs may improve the microenvironment by regulating phenotype polarization of macrophages. So far, specific biomarkers and polarized molecules mechanisms generated through the macrophage polarization approach are still unclear. In this article, we merely summarize the advance in domestic and foreign studies on phenotype polarization of macrophages and regulatory mechanisms and look into the future of intervention with TCMs.
Animals ; Cell Polarity ; Humans ; Macrophages ; physiology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Phenotype

Objective To compare the effectiveness and safety of Onyx and n-butyl-2-cyanoacryhte (NBCA) for the embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).Methods The clinical data of 53 patients with cerebral AVMs (31 in the NBCA group and 22 in the Onyx group) were analyzed retrospectively.The safety and effectiveness of the 1-year follow-up were compared.The size of AVMs (diameters ＜3 cm,3-6 cm,and ＞6 cm) and the Spetzler-Martin grade were used to conduct subgroup analysis.Results There were no significant differences in the baseline data and AVM morphologies.The embolization rate in the Onyx group was significantly higher than that in the NBCA group (P ＜ 0.05),but there were no significant differences in the incidences of postoperative hemorrhage (1/22 vs.1/31;P=1.000)and neurological deficit (1/22 vs.3/31;P=0.633) in the 1-year follow-up after procedure.The subgroup analysis showed that the embolization rates of the small and medium-sized cerebral AVMs in the Onyx group were significantly higher than those in the NBCA group (all P ＜ 0.05),and the embolization rates of cerebral AVMs with different Spetzler-Martin grades in were significantly higher than those in the NBCA group (all P ＜0.05).Conclusion Onyx is equivalent to NBCA in safety but better in efficacy.