Dao-di Herbs is specificity and locality, and its unique phenotypic features is closely related to the growth and development of medicinal plants. In addition to traditional genetic, epigenetic play an important role in formation of Dao-di herbs. This paper introduces the concept of epigenetic and the role of DNA methylation in the gene expression regulation. We further prospects epigenetic mechanism in study of Dao-di herbs formation from specific phenotype and regional analysis. And study on the relationship of epigenetic and Dao-di herbs will provide a basis for quality assessment and identification of Chinese drugs.
DNA Methylation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics

In the research field of quality control in Chinese medicinal materials, variation in active ingredients of medicinal plant is always the key and hot issues. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies and reducing cost, a large numbers of genes from medicinal plant were cloning and provide a solid foundation for further research of gene structure and its biological function, and also provides conditions for explore active ingredient variation and its quality control from the perspective of molecular pharmacognosy. This paper introduces the concept of homologous gene, gene duplication and classification. We prospect the function of duplicated genes in the role of molecular mechanism research about variation in active ingredients, aiming at providing a new way for medicinal materials quality control.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Gene Duplication ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; genetics ; Quality Control

Authentications of Chinese herbal medicine have a critical effect in Chinese clinical medicine. DNA molecular marker, as an important component for true or false authentication, is more and more widely used in iden-tification of Chinese medicinal materials. At the same time, many new methods for authentication of Chinese medici-nal materials are continuously emerging. But the systematically comparative analysis of these new methods is lack. The present study taking Lonicera japonica as an example, systematically compared principles, characteristics, ex-periment methods, detection time and the application scope of express sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR), polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR), DNA barcoding and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and put forward corresponding improve-ment opinions. This study can help to screen appropriate approach for rapid authentication of L. japonica and offer demonstrating to other Chinese herbal medicines.

To explore the feasibility of stable expression of Hantavirus H8205 strain G1 segment and human IL-2 fusion gene in Vero cells, and to examine the immune protection effects on mice vaccinated with this recombinant eukaryotic expression vector containing Hantavirus G1 gene and IL-2 gene. With the help of lipofectamine, the Vero cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1/HisB-IL-2-G1 and the positive cells were selected by G418. IFAT and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis were used to determine the stable transfection and expression of recombinant protein. Each mouse was inoculated with plasmids intramuscularly (i.m.) three times, 2 boosts were given at 2-week intervals, serum anti-hantavirus antibodies were detected by ELISA and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were detected by Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test. The fusion protein expressed in Vero cells was 78 kD, corresponding to the estimated molecular size. The neutralizing antibody titers of mice with pcDNA3.1/HisB-IL-2-G1 were 1:20-1:80. IL-2/G1 fusion gene could be transferred in Vero cells and stably express the fusion protein. Specific humeral immune responses in mice can be induced with the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector containing the fusion gene, which lays the foundation for further development of therapeutic HTNV vaccine.

Objective:To develop a qualitative analysis model for the fast identification of Dens Draconis and its adulterants by NIR correlation coefficient method. Methods:On the basis of the traditional morphological identification, the spectra were collected u-sing the fiber accessory of a near-infrared spectroradiometer. The reference spectra were set up using the NIR spectra of certified Dens Draconis. The characteristic spectral section was chosen and the appropriate threshold was set to establish a qualitative analysis model for the rapid identification of Dens Draconis and its adulterant. Results:The spectral section of 5 000-4 200 cm-1 was selected as the characteristic spectral section, the correlation coefficient of Dens Draconis and its adulterant was calculated in training set samples, and 92. 67% was used as the threshold. Totally 10 batches of validation set samples were validated the qualitative analysis model, and the prediction accuracy was 90%. Conclusion:The method has good prediction ability, and can be used in the rapid identification of Dens Draconis and its adulterant.

The quality management of drug research,development,registration,production and marketing strengthened by good practice for pharmaceuticals ensure the drag safety,effectiveness and quality control.Teaching of new drug research and evaluation in compliance with good practice for pharmaceuticals will be of value in making teaching content close to actual work,extending the students'knowledge and training student's good habits in scientific study.

ObjectiveTo improve the teaching quality of medical humanity education in medical university.MethodsA cluster sampling survey was given to 448 sophomores who studied the outline of medical humanities course in military medical university,and the data were descriptively and statistically analyzed.ResultsThe survey shows that 90％ sophomores satisfy with this course,95％ sophomores understand the importance of medical humanity education,and the students have more requirements on education resources and teaching ways.ConclusionOutline of medical humanities course is important to cultivate the medical humanity spirit of medical students,and the course still needs more improvements.

Objective To evaluate right ventricular(RV)function by tissue Doppler imaging(TDI)and Tei index in patmnts with coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods One hundred twenty patients who underwent coronary angiography(CAG)were enrolled.Based on clinic evidences,such as CAG,disease history,symptom,ECG,and myocardial enzymes,all patients were divided into three groups:control group,angina group and myocardial infarction(MI)group.TDl was performed on the lateral and septal tricuspid annular.RV Tei index was obtained either from the pulse-wave Doppler(PW-Tel)and from TDI(TDI-Tei).Results There were significant differences in RV PW-Tei,TDI-Tei,Ea,and Ea/Aa among three groups.PW-Tei was 0.363±0.086.0.463±0.078 and 0.569±0.066,and TDI-Tei was 0.400±0.058,0.520±0.078 and 0.628±0.059 for the control group,angina group and MI group,respectively.Ea and Ea/Aa were gradually decreased following the severity of CAD.Sa was no difference between the control group and angina group,while Sa was much lower in mvocardial infarction group than in other groups.RV PW-Tei had a good correlation with the lateral and septal TDI-Tei.The lateral and septal TDI-Tel were significant correlated with motion velocities.Conclusions TDI can be used to comprehensively evaluate RV function in patients with CAD.TDI-Tei can sensitive reflect the damage level of overall RV function in patients with different degree CAD.

Aim To develop King cobra antivenom from the egg yolks of immunized hens,and study dynamic expression of IgY in egg yolks.Methods chickens(white Leghorn) were immunized with detoxicated King cobra venom by formaldehyde ,Egg yolk antibody (IgY) was isotated by thiophilic interaction chromatography and identified by SDS-PAGE. Activity of IgY was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunoserbent assay(ELISA) and Double immuodiffusion. Protein was measured using folin-lowry method. Results Specific antivenom could be detected in the yolk laid by the hens 9 d after immunization, At the 60th day after primary immunization ,ELISA titers reached 1∶ 100 000,and 97.5 mg IgY?ml -1 yolk was obtained from thiophilic interaction chromatography. IgY was highly specific, No cross reactivity was observed among IgY and agkistrodon acutus venom and vipera venom ;Little cross reactivity was shown with cobra genus venoms.Conclusion King cobra IgY was obtained and purified from the egg yolks of immunized hens,The dynamic expression of IgY was manitered during the course of immunization,Further investigation is needed.

This study was aimed to establish a qualitative model of near-infrared spectroscopy in order to accurately and rapidly identify several mineral Chinese medicinals from fossil including Os Draconis, Dens Draconis, Fossil Shell of Spirifer, and Fossil Crabs. The near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with OPUS software was used to analyze the spectral characteristics of these samples. The pattern recognition method was explored through cluster analysis. And the accuracy of the model was verified. The results showed that these mineral Chinese medicinals from fossil had their characteristics absorption so that they can be quickly and accurately differentiated from each other through pattern recognition method. It was concluded that based on near-infrared spectroscopic mod-eling, these mineral Chinese medicinals from fossil including Os Draconis, Dens Draconis, Fossil Shell of Spirifer, and Fossil Crabs can be quickly and accurately identified.