Objective To investigate the effects of Hui-hui Gan-song Yin(HGY) on the accumulation of extracellular matrix of rat glomerular mesangial cells(MCs) induced by high glucose.Methods The 40 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group(distilled water), glurenorm group(10 mg/kg), HGY high-dose group(10 g/kg) and HGY low-dose group(5 g/kg), 10 rats in each group.The rats in each group were treated with corresponding drugs, twice a day.After 3 days, the serum containing each drug were prepared to culture rat MCs in vitro.The MCs were divided into the normal control group( 10% serum of rats in normal control group ) , high glucose group ( 30 mmol/L glucose +10% serum of rats in normal control group), glurenorm group(30 mmol/L glucose+10% serum of rats in glurenorm group), HGY high-dose group(30 mmol/L glucose+10% serum of rats in HGY high-dose group) and HGY low-dose group(30 mmol/L glucose+10% serum of rats in HGY low-dose group).The fibronectin(FN), ColⅠand ColⅣ levels were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with normal control group, the expression of FN, ColⅠand ColⅣ in high glucose group increased(P<0.01).The HCY suppressed the protein expression of FN, ColⅠand ColⅣ significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion The serum containing HGY could suppressed protein expression of FN , ColⅠand ColⅣ and inhibit the accumulation of extracellular matrix of MCs induced by high glucose, which could protect glomerulus and delay the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Aim To observe the effects of theaflavin on intracellular calcium concentration(i) level in rat ventricular myocytes and discuss the possible mechanisms.Methods The effects of theaflavin oni were investigated in rat ventricular myocytes.i was detected by laser confocal microscopy and represented by relative fluorescent intensity(FI-FI0)/FI0,%;FI0:control;FI:administration of drugs).Results ① Theaflavin(10,20,40 ?mol?L-1) had no effect on the i of ventricular myocytes in normal Tyrode′s solution.However,it reduced the i of ventricular myocytes in simulated ischemia solution in a concentration-dependent manner.② Pretreatment with Bay k8644(0.5 ?mol?L-1) mostly abolished the effects of theaflavin(20 ?mol?L-1) in simulated ischemia solution.③ Theaflavin(20 ?mol?L-1) markedly inhibited the low concentration of ryanodine-induced i increase in Ca2+-free Tyrode′s solution.④ When the propagating waves of elevated i(Ca2+ waves) were produced by increasing extracellular Ca2+ concentration from 1 mmol?L-1to 10 mmol?L-1,theaflavin(20 ?mol?L-1) could block the propagating waves of elevated i(Ca2+ waves),reduce the frequency and duration of propagating waves,and reduce i as well.Conclusion Theaflavin may reduce the i in isolated rat ventricular myocytes via inhibiting Ca2+ influx by voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel and alleviating Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR).

Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Corpus Striatum ; physiology ; Estrogens ; metabolism ; Estrus ; physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; physiology ; Female ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; Dinitrobenzenes ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced

The intracellular hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) content per cell was increased by 7.2-fold in the culture with 1.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) compared with that in the control without DMSO, while the extracellular HBsAg production and specific productivity were only improved by 70% and 3.2-fold, respectively. Electron microscope has been employed to reveal large dilated structures within recombinant CHO cells in the presence DMSO. The dilated structures have a distribution within whole cytoplasm, and some dilated areas were engulfed in the nucleus. These large, dilated structures were not observed in the control. Immunogold labeling was used to discover the accumulated HBsAg was localized within these dilated areas, and some HBsAg-specific labels were detected in the nucleus membrane, owing to the encroachment of the dilated areas upon nucleus. The result could help to reveal the mechanism of intracellular HBsAg accumulation in the presence of DMSO.

Objective To observe the curative effect of autologous bone marrow stem cells implantation to bone inducing active material combined with core decompression in the treatment of early femoral head osteonecrosis (FHON).Methods From April,2010 to March,2012,in Department of Orthopaedics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,a total of 79 adult patients with 108 hips suffered from the early stage FHON were treated with autologous bone marrow stem cells implantation to bone inducing active material combined with core decompression through the core of the femoral canal,male of 65 cases,female of 14 cases,the mean age was 29.5 (20-50) years old.According to the etiology classification:the alcohol-induced FHON was in 54 patients with 66 hips,steroid-induced FHON in 14 patients with 20 hips,steroid and alcohol-induced ONFH was in 11patients with 22 hips.According to association research circulation osseous (ARCO)classifying,Ⅰ-A,Ⅰ-B,Ⅱ-A,Ⅱ-B phases were 6,16,8,and 78 hips,respectively.There were 43 hips in left side and 65 hips in the right side.Results All patients were followed up from 4 to 6 (4.8 ± 0.6) years.Compared with before operation,the scores of all patients were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).All patients with hip pain symptoms were relieved or disappeared.The healing tine of the patients in all age groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),and with the increase of age,the healing time was prolonged.The excellent and good rates of Ⅰ-A,Ⅰ-B,Ⅱ-Aand Ⅱ-B were 100％ (6 / 6),100％ (16/16),100％ (8/8),and 98.7％ (77/78).The X-ray showed that coarse channel osteogenic phenomenon is obvious,there is 1 case collapse of femoral head of stage Ⅱ-B,the rest were not collapse.Conclusion The treatment of early osteonecrosis of the femoral head with autologous bone marrow stem cells implantation to bone inducing active material combined with core decompressionis definitely effective,especially in patients with ARCO:Ⅰ-A,Ⅰ-B and Ⅱ-A phase,and the effect of ARCO:Ⅰ-A and Ⅱ-A is the best.

Objective To investigate the neural circuit of inhibitory control in late-onset depressed patients(LOD) by functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI). Methods Fourteen late-onset depressed patients (LOD group) and thirteen elderly healthy subjects( control group) were recruited. The two groups were age, gender, and education matched. All the subjects performed a visual Go/Nogo task during the fMRI scan. Erect or inverted isosceles triangular figures were used for stimuli. The two groups were instructed to press a button as quickly and correctly as possible when the erect triangular figures(Go) were presented, but not to response when the inverted triangular figures(Nogo) were presented. The differences of brain activation between the two groups were compared. Results ( 1 ) During Go trials, there were no significant differences in reaction time and hit rate between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). During Nogo trials, however, the late-onset depressed patients showed much higher false alarm rate(0.09 ±0.06) compared with control group(0.04 ±0.02) (P＜0.05＝. (2) During Go trials , LOD group showed significantly greater activity in left postcentral gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, right precentral gyrus, left paracentral lobule, right inferior parietal lobule, right anterior cingulate cortex, left middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus compared with the control group. Whereas during Nogo trials, LOD group exhibited greater activity in left inferior parietal lobule and left middle frontal gyrus compared with the control group. Conclusion This study suggests that inhibitory control dysfunction in late-onset depressed patients may be closely related to frontostriatal circuit impairment. Over activation in left middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and right anterior cingulate cortex may contribute to the pathogenesis of late-onset depression.

A study on the microbial transformation of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) was conducted by a fungus, Cunninghamella blakesleeana CGMCC 3.970 systematically. After incubation with the cell cultures of C. blakesleeana CGMCC 3.970 at 25 degrees C for 7 days on a rotary shaker operating at 135 r x min(-1), GA was converted into one major product and five minor products. The products were extracted and purified by solvent extraction, macroporous adsorbent resin, silica gel column chromatography, and semi-preparative RP-HPLC chromatography. Their structures were identified as 3-oxo-15α-hydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(1), 3-oxo-15β-hydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (2), 7β,15α-dihydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (3), 3-oxo-7β, 15α-dihydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (4), 7β-hydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(5) and 15α-hydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(6) by the analyses of MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic data respectively. Among them, 2 was a new compound. These results suggest that C. blakesleeana CGMCC 3.970 has the capability of selective ketonization and hydroxylation for GA. [Key words] glycyrrhetinic acid; Cunninghamella blakesleeana CGMCC 3. 970; microbial transformation
Biotransformation ; Cunninghamella ; metabolism ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of testosterone undecanoate (TU) in the treatment of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) by meta-analysis.

METHODSWe searched Pubmed (until April 1, 2014), Embase (until March 28, 2014), Cochrane Library (until April 17, 2014), CBM (from January 1, 2001 to February 2, 2014), CNKI (from January 1, 2001 to February 2, 2014), Wanfang Database (from January 1, 2000 to February 2, 2014), and VIP Database (from January 1, 2000 to Febru ary 2, 2014) for randomized controlled trials of TU for the treatment of LOH. We evaluated the quality of the identified literature and performed meta-analysis on the included studies using the Rveman5. 2 software.

RESULTSTotally, 14 studies were included after screening, which involved 1 686 cases. Compared with the placebo and blank control groups, TU treatment significantly increased the levels of serum total testosterone (SMD = 6.22, 95% CI 3.99 to 8.45, P < 0.05) and serum free testosterone (SMD = 4.35, 95% CI 1.86 to 6. 85, P < 0.05) but decreased the contents of luteinizing hormone (WMD = -2.23, 95% CI -4.03 to -0.42, P < 0.05), sex hormone binding globulin (WMD = 2.00, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.63, P < 0.05). TU also remarkably reduced the scores of Partial Androgen Deficiency of the Aging Males (WMD = -9.49, 95% CI -12.96 to -6.03, P < 0.05) and Aging Males Symptoms rating scale (WMD = -2.76, 95% CI -4.85 to -0.66, P <0.05) but increased the hemoglobin level (SMD = 2.35, 95% CI 0.29 to 4.41, P < 0.05) and packed-cell volume (SMD = 4.35, 95% CI 1.36 to 7.33, P < 0.05). However, no significant changes were shown in aspertate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, prostate-specific antigen, or prostate volume after TU treatment (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTU could significantly increase the serum testosterone level and improve the clinical symptoms of LOH patients without inducing serious adverse reactions. However, due to the limited number and relatively low quality of the included studies, the above conclusion could be cautiously applied to clinical practice.

Androgens ; therapeutic use ; Hemoglobin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; blood ; drug therapy ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ; metabolism ; Testosterone ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacology

Objective: To explore aspirin resistance (AR) phenomenon in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) for secondary prevention and to study the relationships between AR and COX1, COX2, TBXA2R gene polymorphisms. Methods: A total of 2881 CAD patients taken aspirin (100 mg/day) in 7 consecutive days were enrolled. Among them, 2 groups were established as AR group, n=166 and Control group, n=200 aspirin sensitive patients. Platelet aggregation function was induced by arachidonic acid (AA), COX1, COX2 and TBXA2R gene polymorphisms were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: The occurrence rate of AR was 5.76% (166/2881). There were 8 tagSNPs locus in 3 genes as in COX1:(rs3842788), (rs4273915), (rs7866582); in: COX2 (rs3218625); in TBXA2R: (rs2238630), (rs2238631), (rs2238633), (rs3786989). The frequencies of wild type, heterozygous genotype and homozygous genotype were similar between 2 groups. Conclusion: The incidence rate of AR is not high in CHD patients with regular aspirin medication; single nucleotide gene polymorphisms of COX1, COX2 and TBXA2R have no obvious correlation to AR.