Objective:To study the molecular composition of bismuth potassium citrate. Methods:The content of bismuth was de-termined using a volumetric method, the content of potassium was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, and the content of cit-rate root was determined by ion chromatography. The structure was predicted using 1 HNMR and the crystal structure was studied using X-diffraction test and scanning electron microscopy. The changes in the percentage ratio of the three components were investigated by accelerated stability tests. Results:On the dried basis, the percentage of the three molecular components was bismuth of 35%-38%, potassium of 7%-11% and root citrate of 49%-52%. The NMR spectra and the data indicated that the product had three isomers with the molecular structure of bismuth∶potassium∶root citrate=2∶2∶2. The X-diffraction test and SEM showed that the three forms of amor-phous, monocrystalline and polycrystalline might exist. The percentage ratio of the three elements before and after the stability test was basically stable. Conclusion:Bismuth potassium citrate may have three crystal forms with the percentage of the three structure parts within a certain range, and the structure is relatively stable.

Objective To explore the correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) level and hemoglobin(Hb),fasting blood glucose (FBG),two-hour postmeal blood glucose (PBG2h) levels in type 2 diabetic patients on plateau.To evaluate influencing factors of HbA1c and effects of Hb level on HbA1c and blood glucose levels.Methods A total of 101 type 2 diabetic patients with no change antidiabetic treatment above 3 months and living in Lijiang city(at altitude 2420 m) above 5 years were investigated.The mean value of FBG,PBG2h,HbA1c and Hb were determined.The correlation between HbA1c and Hb,FBG,PBG2h were studied by scatter diagram,Pearson correlation analysis and the regression analysis.HbA1c,FBG,PBG2h levels were compared between high hemoglobin group and normal hemoglobin group.Results The HbA1c level was positively correlated with the FBG (r =0.82,P ＜ 0.001) and the PBG2h (r =0.29,P =0.003) levels.The regression equation between HbA1c and FBG,PBG2h was Y =2.674 + 0.52X1 + 0.018X2.There was no correlation in HbA1c and Hb level(r =-0.06,P =0.551).There was no difference on HbA1c,FBG,PBG2h levels between high hemoglobin group and normal hemoglobin group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The major influencing factors of HbAlc are FBG and PBG2h.The hemoglobin level has no obvious effects on HbA1c and blood glucose levels.

Objective To explore the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods The literature about HRT in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were searched.Eleven papers were subjected to a Meta-analysis and a heterogeneity test was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of HRT.Results HRT reduced the level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in RA patients (P=0.016),the SMD was-0.22(-0.40,-0.04); improved bone mineral density (BMD) in RA patients (P=0.022),the WMD was 2.83(0.41,5.26); decreased clinical parameters for disease activity evaluations of RA patients (P=0.048),the SMD was-0.19 (-0.38,0.00); decreased the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in RA patients,the SMD was-0.08 (-0.37,0.21),but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.591).Conclusion The findings from this Meta-analysis indicate that HRT can reduce the ESR level,improve clinical indexes and improve BMD level of RA patients.HRT may suppress disease activity and osteoporosis of RA patients,so it may be used as an auxiliary therapy in the treatment of RA.

Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; virology ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; genetics ; Humans ; Plasmids

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cavernous Sinus ; injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Hypophysectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Intraoperative Complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; surgery ; Young Adult

The efectienes of acpuncture for smoking cessation was systematically evaluated in this paper. By using computer retrieval in Chinese national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG database, VIP database, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Springer, the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding acupuncture for smoking cessation from January of 1983 to December of 2013 were collected; by using Table of Standardized Report Factors for Acupuncture RCTs, each inclusive RCT was evaluated; and by using RevMan 5. 2 software, the Meta-analysis was performed. Totally 24 RCTs were included, involving 3084 cases of smoking. The result of literature quality assessment showed that the average score was 25. 71 points without low-quality RCT which had a score of less than 16 points. The Meta-analysis showed that acupuncture could significantly increase the short-time abstinence rate [RR=1. 48, 95% CI (1. 18,1. 84), Z=3. 47, P<0. 0005] and number of cigarettes smoked daily [RR=4. 35, 95% CI (2. 03, 6. 66), Z=3. 68, P<0. 001] and FTND [RR=2. 37, 95% CI (1. 88, 2. 86), Z= 9. 44, P<0. 00001], however, it could not increase the long-time abstinence rate [RR=1. 40, 95% Cl (0. 90, 2.17), Z=1. 49, P>0. 05]. Compared with other treatment, acupuncture has positive advantages on short-time abstinence rate, however, its effect on long-time abstinence rate needs to be verified by high-quality, large-sample and multi-center RCT in the future.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Smoking ; psychology ; therapy ; Smoking Cessation ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of HP-β-CD on solubility of 1,8-oxido-p-menthane in volatile oil of magnoliae flos,and optimize the extraction technology of Xinzhi nasal drops. METHODS:Steam distillation method was adopted to extract the volatile oil in magnoliae flos. Using the content of 1,8-oxido-p-menthane in volatile oil of magnoliae flos as index,HPLC was adopted to determine the effects of HP-β-CD with different concentration on solubility of 1,8-oxido-p-menthane in volatile oil of magnoliae flos. Using the comprehensive scores of imperatorin and extract yield as indexes,orthogonal test was used to optimize the amount of ethanol,volume fraction and extraction time in extraction technology of Xinzhi nasal drops. Verification test was car-ried out. RESULTS:50% HP-β-CD aqueous solution can improve the solubility of 1,8-oxido-p-menthane to 7.6 times. The optimal extraction technology of Xinzhi nasal drops was as follow as 10-fold 80% ethanol,extracting twice,1 h every time. In verification test,the average content of imperatorin was 0.078%(RSD=2.01%,n=3),and extract yield was 10.80%(RSD=1.85%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:HP-β-CD shows good solubilization effect on the 1,8-oxido-p-menthane in volatile oil of magnoliae flos,and the optimized extration technology for Xinzhi nasal drops is feasible.

Objective To evaluate the vestibular function in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Methods Seventeen CADASIL patients were recruited in the present study and 17 healthy volunteers served as control subjects. Electronystagmogram examinations including gaze nystagmus test, spontaneous nystagmus test, saccade test, pursuit test, optokinetic nystagmus test and caloric test were performed in the subjects. Results Neither patients nor controls had gaze nystagmus or spontaneous nystagmus. There was no difference in the latency and velocity of saccade movement between patients and controls. The accuracy of the saccade movement, the accuracy in leftward saccade, was significantly lower in CADASIL group compared with controls. The pursuit movement gains was also significantly lower in CADASIL group than in control group(G_L:0.79±0.08, G_R:0.76±0.12)(t=-3.739、-2.911,P <0.05) compared with controls(G_L:0.87±0.04, G_R:0.86±0.06).The optokinetic nystagmus gains were significantly decreased in CADASIL group(G_L:0.79±0.17,G_R:0.78±0.18)(t=-2.342、-2.335,P<0.05) compared with controls(G_L:0.90±0.08,G_R:0.89±0.09). The caloric test was performed in one CADASIL patient and the result revealed an incomplete fixing inhibition. CADASIL group was further divided into normal subgroup and abnormal subgroup based on the pursuit curve. The comparison between those two subgroups demonstrated a significant correlation between the pursuit movement and the symptoms of vertigo or dizziness(P<0.05). Conclusions The central vestibular function is impaired in CADASIL patients and the abnormal vestibular function is related to the symptom of vertigo or dizziness in CADASIL patients.

Objective To investigate the relation of serum leptin level in senile depressive patients with type 2 diabetes and polymorphisms of leptin receptor gene 3057 G/A.Methods 10 senile depressive patients with type 2 diabetes and 47 senile depressive patients without type 2 diabetes were selected for the study.Leptin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay.Genomitic DNA were obtained by phenol/chloroform method.Leptin receptor gene 3057 G/A polymorphisms and allele frequencies were determined with the polymerase chain reaction and restricted fragment length polymorphism assay.Results (1) The differences of leptin receptor genotypes and allele distribution in the 3 groups were not found (all P ＞ 0.05).(2) Serum leptin level in senile depressive patients with type 2 diabetes and without type 2 diabetic patients ((41.65 ± 28.19) ng/ml,(25.56 ± 21.04) ng/ml) were significantly higher than the normal people ((10.84 ± 9.16) ng/ml) (all P ＜ 0.05).Serum leptin level in senile depressive patients with type 2 diabetes were significantly higher than without type 2 diabetic patients(P＜ 0.05).(3) The serum leptin level in genotype AA senile depressive patients with type 2 diabetes were significantly higher than genotype AA patients without type 2 diabetes.The differences of the serum leptin levels in genotype AA senile depressive patients without type 2 diabetes and genotype AG/GG patients without type 2 diabetes were not found(P ＞ 0.05).The differences of the serum leptin level in genotype AA and genotype AG/GG in normal groups were not found (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion Senile depressive patients have higher serum leptin level.The serum leptin level is higher,especially with type 2 diabetes.Serum leptin level is related to type 2 diabetes.Serum leptin level is not related to the polymorphisms of leptin receptor gene 3057 G/A.Type 2 diabetes are not related to polymorphisms of leptin receptor gene 3057 G/A.

Prognostic factors of differentiated thyroid carcinomas ( DTC ) were analyzed and the related literatures were systematically reviewed in order to justify the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for improving the patient′s survival.150 patients ( female,n =113 ; male,n =37 ) with histopathologically diagnosed DTC,including papillary thyroid carcinoma ( n =131,87.3％ ) and follicular thyroid carcinoma ( n =19,12.7％ ),were postoperatively followed up and their clinical data were retrospectively reviewed.Patients were followed up for 4.15-31 years wherein 140 patients( 93.3％ ) survived but with relapse in 30 patients( 20.0％ ),and 10 patients( 6.7％ ) died.Surgical procedures consisted of near-total or subtotal thyroidectomy ( n =83,55.3％ ),partial thyroidectomy ( n =64,42.7％ ),and total thyroidectomy ( n =3,2.0％ ).Out of the patients receiving lymph node dissection ( n =63 ),45 patients( 71.4％ ) had detectable lymph node metastasis.Age of onset,tumor size at initial visit,and early metastasis showed the statistically significant difference between mortality group and survival group (P＜ 0.05 ),as well as between relapse group and relapse-free group( P＜0.05 ).Age of onset,tumor size at initial visit,and early metastasis are prognostic factors for DTC.