Image guided stereotactic body radiation therapy ( SBRT) has emerged as a promising technolo-gy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) increasingly ,particularly for patients that are unable to tolerate or deny operation ,with a trend to replace surgical resection .Abundant clinical research results have dem-onstrated that SBRT is safe to yield local control rate of more than 90%without excessive toxicity in early -stage NSCLC.In this review ,we discuss the research progress on treating stage I NSCLC with SBRT .

An immunopotentiating compound has been isolated from the metabolites of Bacillus mycoides under the bioassay-guided isolation and identification for its immunopotentiating effect and chemical structure. The isolation and purification of the compound were consisted of macroporous adsorptive resins, silicagel chromatographic column and Sephadex G-200 chromatographic column. The immunopotentiating effect was assayed in every step isolation. At last, the only substance having the strongest immunopotentiating effect had been isolated and purified. Through the procedure consisiting of Ultra-Violet spectroscopy (UV), IR (Infrared Radiation), Time of Flight Mass Spectrum (TOF-MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Element analysis, the possible structure of compound M had been identified as cyclic (Pro-Gly) dipeptide (C7H10O2N2) (Diketopiperazine). To be determined the immunopotentiating effect, the mice were treated by intraperitoneal injection of cyclic (Pro-Gly) dipeptide in the treatment group and physiologic saline in the control group. At the 14th day after the injection, the SOD activity and the phagocytosis activities reached the peak value and were significantly higher than those in control group. At the 21st day, the bactericidal activity reached peak value and was significantly higher than that in the control group. From the above results, we concluded that the main active component enhancing the immunity of mice was cyclic (Pro-Gly) dipeptide in the metabolism of Bacillus mycoides.

Objective Tostudyrecentclinicalefficacyandadversereactionsofpemetrexedincombi-nationwithcisplatininthetreatmentofadvancedbreastcancer.Methods Usingenvelopesandrandomlythe patients were dividing into treatment group and control group.The treatment group with 1 8 cases of advanced breast cancer were treated with pemetrexed and cisplatin while in the control group ,23 cases advanced breast cancer patients were treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin with 21 days as a cycle.The efficacy and adverse re-actions were determined according to the WHO on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors therapy and chemotherapytoxicityevaluationcriteria.Results Tumorcontrolrateinthetreatmentgroupwas83.3%(1 5/1 8),while in the control group was 78.3%(1 8/23 ),and the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 =0.000 94,P>0.05);while the adverse reactions differenced between the treatment group and the con-trol group were statistically significant(bone marrow suppression χ2 =9.23;fatigue χ2 =4.96;nausea and vomi-tingχ2=4.98;diarrheaχ2=4.45;skinrashχ2=5.03,P<0.05).Conclusion Pemetrexedcombinedwith cisplatin in patients with advanced breast cancer has a good effect,and the adverse reaction is low.

Re-evaluation of bioequivalence of generic drugs is one of the key research focus currently. As a means to ensure consistency of the therapeutic effectiveness of drug products, clinical bioequivalence has been widely accepted as a gold standard test. In vitro dissolution testing based on the theory of the BCS is the best alternative to in vivo bioequivalence study. In this article, the conventional dissolution method and flow-through cell method were used to investigate the dissolution profiles of domestic amoxicillin capsules in different dissolution media, and the absorption behavior of the drugs with different release rates (t85% = 15-180 min) in the gastrointestinal tract was predicted by Gastro Plus. The flow-through cell method was thought better to reflect the release characteristics in vivo, and amoxicillin capsules with regard to the release rates up to 45 min (t85% = 45 min) were having a satisfied bioequivalence with the oral solution according to the C(max) and AUC. Although two different dissolution profiles of domestic amoxicillin capsules were found by flow-through cell methods, prediction results revealed that domestic capsules were probably bioequivalent to each other.
Amoxicillin ; pharmacokinetics ; Capsules ; Computer Simulation ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Software ; Solubility ; Therapeutic Equivalency

A novel Aspergillus terreus strain M11 was isolated from the compost containing cellulose and identified. The isolate grow best at 45℃ and pH2.0. It was found that the activity of the CMCase was up to 3.680IU/mL with high heat stability and the optimal reaction conditions of the CMCase were at 60℃ and pH2.0.

The optimization on liquid fermentation and purification of the fibrinolytic enzyme from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(DR-929) was investigated.The results showed the best fermentation are amidulin 2.0%,soya flour 1.0%,yeast extract 0.5%,NaCl 1.0%,CaCl2 0.02%,MgSO4 0.05%,inoculum of 36 hours,fermental time 4d,initial pH 8.0 or 9.0,temperature 25℃,volume of media 30ml,volume of inoculum 5% or 6%.The purification process includes the following steps: removing cells by the centrifugation,25%~70% saturation ammonium sulfate precipitation,HIC with Phenyl FF(high sub),IEC with Q-Sepharose FF,gel filtration chromatography with Superdex 75.SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used to examine the purification effect,and the results indicated that homogeneous strap in SDS-PAGE and has a molecular weight around 28.3kDa.The purification factor and activity recovery of the fibrinolytic enzyme are 271.5 and 24.5%,respectively.

Objective To summarize the experience of the therapy and diagnosis of thoracictuberculosis. Methods Diagnosis and operation of 163 cases of thoracictuberculosis were analyzed.Results 163 cases of thoracic- tuberculosis were treated with focuspurge upon two weeks' anti-tuberculosis treatment.153 cases were cured upon one operation.10 cases suffered incision delayed healing and there were no recurrence cases.Conclusion Thoraeictu- berculosis was treated with focuspurge upon two weeks anti-tuberculosis treatment before operation.Complete purge of focus and postoperative compression band and residual cavity filled with music flap were important measures to prevent incision delayed healing and recurrence.

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can efficiently inhibit gene expression by sequence-specific RNA interference (RNAi). A common 5' leader sequence exists in the genomic RNA and all subgenomic RNAs of SARS-CoV, and is well conserved among various SARS-CoV strains, thus providing a preferable target for RNAi of SARS-CoV replication. Here efficient depletion of the SARS-CoV mRNAs by either a synthetic siRNA or DNA vector-derived short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting the leader sequence in mammalian cell lines were reported. The siRNA or shRNAs efficiently suppressed the expression of an EGFP reporter gene which contains the leader sequence at the 5' end. Both the siRNA and shRNAs efficiently knocked down the levels of leader-containing transcripts of three SARS-CoV genes encoding the spike protein, membrane protein and nucleocapsid protein were demonstrated. The results suggest that RNAi targeting the leader sequence is a potential efficient strategy for anti-SARS-CoV therapy.

Background Researches showed that wild-type p53(wtp53)and Rb94 genes inhibit the growth of retinoblastoma(RB),and these genes are involved in signal pathway in the induction and maintenance of cellular senescence.Thus the combination of two genes to inhibit growth of RB is concerned.Objective This study was to observe the inhibitory effect of the co-transfection of Rb94 and wtp53 gcnc into subretina on RB with ultrasound microbubble.Methods HXO-Rb44 suspension was subretinally injected to establish the RB model in 40 SPF female Balb/c nude mice.The RB models were randomized into model control group,wtp53 group,Rb94 group and wtp53+Rb94 group,and 0.1 ml relevant gene microvesicle suspension was injected via caudal vein in the different groups,but no any gene was used in the model control group.Seven days after modeling,followed by 0.5 W/cm2ultrasonic wave irradiated the eyeballs immediately for 4 seconds ×2 times and interrupted for 24 seconds.Eyeballs were extracted 7 days after gene transfection,and the expressions of wtp53 mRNA and Rb94 mRNA in tumor tissuc were detected by RT-PCR,and wtp53 and Rb94 protein in tumor tissue were assayed using Western blot.Immunochemistry was used to exam the VEGF expression,and TUNEL was used to evaluate the apoptosis of the tumor cells.Results The model successful rate after HXO-Rb44 suspension was 80％ (32/40)and obvious malformation cells were seen under the light microscope.In 7 days after gene transfection,no response band for wtp53 mRNA and Rb94 mRNA were found.The relative expression valuc of wtp53 mRNA was 0.65±0.07 in the wtp53 group,and that in wtp53+Rb94 group was 0.32±0.02,showing a significant difference between them (t =11.743,P =0.000).Rb94mRNA relative value was 0.42 ±0.03 in Rb94 group,and that in the wtp53 + Rb94 group was 0.23 ± 0.03,with a significant difference(t=5.041,P=0.001).The response bands of wtp53 and Rb94 proteins were seen in wtp53group,Rb94 group and wtp53+Rb94 group.Immunochemistry showed that the positive reactive intensity for VEGF in tumor tissue was obviously weaker in wtp53+Rb94 group than that in the wtp53 group,Rb94 group and model control group.Apoptotic index(Al) was 37.35±2.14 in the wtp53+Rb94 group,showing a significant increase in comparison with model control group (0.46 ± 0.05),wtp53 group (5.05 ± 0.80) and Rb94 group (6.43 ± 1.02) (t =-34.395,-28.206,-26.006,P＜0.01).Conclusions Ultrasound microvesicle enable double gene transfecting into RB tumor tissue,and Rb94 gene cooperation with wtp53 gene enhance the inhibitory effect on RB by promoting the apoptosis of RB cells.

Calcium hydroxide (CH) is applied to improve disinfection of root canals in most root canal retreatment. This study aimed to analyze the CH removal efficacy using 7 different root preparing files (K file, pre-curved K file, EndoActivator, Ultrasonic file, pre-curved ultrasonic file, F file and needle irrigation alone) with apical transportation. Standardized models of curved canal with such apical transportation or not were set up before applying CH to root canal for 7 days. Seven techniques described above were used for its removal. Then the roots were disassembled and digital photos were taken. The ratio of residual CH in the overall canal surface was calculated using the image analyzer image pro plus 6.0. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test. Results revealed that CH was effectively removed (P<0.05) by using all 6 mechanical methods except irrigation alone. In curved root canals with apical transportation, EndoActivator, pre-curved ultrasonic file and F file were found to be more effective in removing CH than the other four file (P<0.001), while there was no significant difference among EndoActivator, pre-curved ultrasonic file and F file groups (P>0.05). The percentage of residual CH in the canal with apical transportation was higher than that in the canal without apical transportation (P<0.05). In conclusion, CH can be hardly removed completely. Canal with apical transportation will result in insufficient CH removal. EndoActivator, pre-curved ultrasonic file and F file are more effective in the curved root canal with apical transportation.