Objective To investigate the accuracy of predicting middle cerebral artery infaction with contin -ue electroencephalograph .Methods 40 cases with middle cerebral artery infaction were divided into malignant groups(14) and binigan groups(26).They were all with continued beside electroencephalograph within 24 hours after admission.Results Abnormal CEEG rate in malignant groups [85.71%(12/14)]was significantly higher than that in binigan groups[65.38%(17/26)](χ2 =10.405,P=0.001).In malignant groups,severe abnormal CEEG was seen in 4 cases developed coma at the second day of admission ,moderate abnormal CEEG was found in 6 cases,slight abnormal CEEG was detected in 2 cases,normal CEEG was detected in 2 cases.Conclusion Early CEEG has a cer-tain value for predicting middle cerebral artery infaction .

OBJECTIVETo observe the regulatory effects of electroacupuncture with different acupoints combinations on blood lipid and atherosclerosis index (AI) in rats with hyperlipemia, so as to make a preliminary screening for the optimal acupoints combination for hyperlipemia.

METHODSOne hundred and five clean-grade SD male rats were randomly divided into 9 groups, including a normal group, a model group, a Quchi group, a Zhongwan group, a Fenglong group, a Quchi+Zhongwan group, a Quchi+Fenglong group, a Zhongwan+Fenglong group and a Quchi+Zhongwan+Fenglong group (three acupoints group), 17 rats in the normal group and 11 rats in the rest groups. The normal group was fed with normal diet, while the rest groups were fed with high-fat diet for 3 weeks to prepare the hyperlipemia model. All the rats were given unlimited water. After the establishment of model, the normal group was fed freely without any treatment; the model group was bundled and immobilized everyday; the rest groups were bundled, immobilized and treated with electroacupuncture at corresponding acupoints with disperse-dense wave, 20 min per time, once a day. After 4 weeks, the blood examples were collected from abdominal aorta to measure the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and analyzed the AI in each group.

RESULTSAfter the treatment, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and AI in each acupuncture group were all lower than those in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with single acupoint group and the Quchi+Zhongwan group, the content of TC in the three acupoints group was lower (P<0.01). The differences of content of TG among each acupuncture group were not significant (all P>0.05). Compared with the rest 6 acupuncture groups, the content of HDL-C and AI in the three acupoints group were significantly different (all P<0.05). The content of LDL-C in the three acupoints group was decreased as compared with the Quchi group and the Zhong-wan group.

CONCLUSIONThe electroacupuncture at "Quchi" (LI 11), "Zhongwan" (CV 12) and "Fenglong" (ST 40) has more advantages on regulating the content of HDL-C and LDL-C as well as improving AI in hyperlipemia rats, and it has superior effects on blood lipid metabolism.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; therapy ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To evaluate effects of chronic arsenic exposure and arsenic exposure time on oxidative DNA lesions in humans. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 108 subjects exposed to high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water and 75 control subjects. A cohort study was conducted in 64 subjects exposed to high levels of arsenic in drinking water for 7 or 9 years. Urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydredeoxygnanine(8-OHdG) levels were analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit(ELISA). Urinary arsenic concentration was detected with hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results In the cross-sectional study, the median of urinary arsenic concentration was 484.17 mg/kg Cr for the arsenic-exposed group, and 13.80 mg/kg Cr for the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=32.57, P<0.01). The median of urinary 8-OHdG levels was 16.60 and 21.88 mg/kg Cr for arsenic-exposed children and adults respectively, much higher than control children(10.50 mg/kg Cr) and adults (9.11 mg/kg Cr), and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.049, 6913, all P<0.01). Urinary 8-OHdG levels were signifieandy lower for children than adults in the exposed group(t=-1.997, P<0.05). In the cohort study, the median of urinary arsenic concentration was 461.3 mg/kg Cr for the 7-year-exposed subjects and 422.90 mg/kg Cr for the 9-year-expesed subjects, and no significant difference was observed(t=-0.250, P 0.05). The median of urinary 8- OHdG levels for 9-year-exposed children and adults were 23.46 and 24.30 mg/kg Cr respectively, significantly increased compared with those of 7-year-exposed(14.29 and 18.38 mg/kg Cr), and the difference had statical signhqcanees (t= -2.949,-3.055, all P<0.01). Conclusions Chronic arsenic exposure can lead to oxidative DNA lesions in humans. The arsenic-induced DNA lesions may aggravate with the exposure time in a certain period.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the apoptosis induced by manumycin in U937 and HL-60 cell lines, and to explore the role of mitochondria apoptotic pathway in manumycin-inducing apoptosis.

METHODSLeukemic cells line U937 and HL-60 were treated by manumycin at 2 micromol/L for different time. Apoptosis of leukemia cells was detected by flow cytometry. The cytosolic proteins were extracted using a digitonin buffer. The protein expression of cytochrome C, caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 were determined by western blot. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1.

RESULTSIn U937 and HL-60 cells, manumycin induced mitochondrial depolarization after 6 h treatment. The average red/green fluorescence ratios at 6 h were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than those at time 0, being 0.51 +/- 0.07 and 0.41 +/- 0.06 for control group respectively. Manumycin induced cytochrome C release from the mitochondria into the cytosol after 6 h treatment, and activated caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 after a 16h treatment. The broad-spectrum caspase-inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk at 50 micromol/L was able to inhibit caspase cleavage completely, but only reduced the manumycin-induced apoptosis rates by 51.69% and 56.47% in U937 and HL-60, respectively.

CONCLUSIONManumycin induced apoptosis in U937 and HL-60 cell lines via mitochondria apoptotic pathway.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; Polyenes ; pharmacology ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of TNF-alpha, TNF-beta and the acceptor expression about mechanical renal trauma with extraneous ADM.

METHODSThere were 104 healthy adult plain grade Wistar rat, randomly divided into four groups:8 in the group of control, 32 in the group of trauma, 32 in the group injected ADM before trauma, 32 in the group injected ADM post trauma. The experimental model of rat kidney with mechanical trauma was prepared by striking the area of rat skin reflecting by kidney with free dropping ferrous hammer in the last three groups. ADM (0.1 nmol/kg) administrated by intraperitoneal injection at 10 minutes before trauma or post trauma respectively in injected groups. All rats were executed by drawing-out all the blood in their hearts. Renal tissue was investigated to study positive expression of TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, TNFR after SABC stained.

RESULTSTNF-alpha expression:the TNF-alpha expression of trauma group was more positive than it of control group in the wound early time. The expression of group injected post trauma was less than it of trauma group at 1 h (P < 0.01). The expression of group injected before trauma was less than it of trauma group at 6 h (P < 0.05) TNF-beta expression: the TNF-beta expression of trauma group was less than it of control group at 1 h and 6 h (P < 0.05). The TNF-beta expression of group injected post trauma was more positive than it of trauma group at the same time of 1 h and 6 h (P < 0.01). TNFR expression: the TNFR expression of trauma group was less than it of control group at 6 h (P < 0.01). The TNFR expression of group injected before trauma was more positive than it of trauma group in the at the same time of 1 h and 6 h (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe TNFR can regulate the TNF-alpha and the TNF-beta in dynamic balancing. The regulation of TNFR is main to TNF-alpha. What the TNF-beta participated in renal trauma mainly is the anti-damage process. ADM can reduce the expression of TNF-alpha. ADM increases the expression of TNF-beta and TNFR.

Adrenomedullin ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Kidney ; injuries ; metabolism ; Lymphotoxin-alpha ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

AIMTo analyze the chemical components in Danggui (the roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diel).

METHODSHPLC-MS/MS was used to identify the main components in Danggui. Furthermore, the MS fragmentation regularity of the phthalides was proposed. The mobile phase of HPLC consisted of 0.5% acetic acid in water and 0.5% acetic acid in acetonitrile, analytical column was Hypersil ODS2 (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm), flow rate 1.0 mL x min(-1), injected volume 2 microL. The ionization source was ESI in positive ion mode.

RESULTSFerulic acid, nine known phthalides and one unknown phthalide derivative were tentatively identified in chromatograms based on their MS data and the comparison of their UV spectra with those published in the literatures.

CONCLUSIONThe structural information of phthalides was obtained via HPLC-MS/MS, which provides an accurate and fast method to identify the phthalides and provides more scientific information for quality control of Danggui.

4-Butyrolactone ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; chemistry ; Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Benzofurans ; analysis ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Coumaric Acids ; analysis ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Phthalic Anhydrides ; analysis ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathological characters and anatomic correction of penile epispadias.

METHODSThe urethra was formed by local urethra plate mucosa flaps. The contracture on dorsum of penis was released by cutting off the superficial suspensory ligament to reposition the penile and urethral sponge.

RESULTSFrom Jun. 2004 to Dec. 2010, 26 cases with penile epispadias were treated. 18 cases were followed up for 6 months to 5 years. 10 cases were treated successfully with good cosmetic and functional results. Urinary incontinence happened in 8 cases, which healed after tightening operation.

CONCLUSIONSThe anatomic correction of penile epispadias can recover the normal anatomic structure, resulting good cosmetic and functional results.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epispadias ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Penis ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Urethra ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate genetics and clinical characteristics of dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) in Chinese kindreds.

METHODSFragment analysis with laser-induced fluorescence in capillary electrophoresis was performed for the cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats of DRPLA gene in 708 probands of autosomal dominant ataxia pedigrees and 119 sporadic ataxia cases.

RESULTSExpanded CAG repeats of DRPLA gene were detected in probands of three ataxia pedigrees, with the numbers of repeats being 16/58, 16/58 and 14/54, respectively. In addition to ataxia, patients with adult-onset disease also exhibited spasm and neck torsion.

CONCLUSIONOnly three cases of DRPLA have been identified among 827 cases, which suggested that DRPLA is a relatively rare subtype of SCA in Chinese population. Clinical variation among the patients suggested DRPLA has a wide spectrum of phenotype.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Brain ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Trinucleotide Repeats ; Young Adult

Esophageal cancer is a digestive tract malignancy with high morbidity and mortality and mainly occurs in males. The 5-year survival rate is lower than 20%. In China， the morbidity and mortality of esophageal cancer rank the first in the world， seriously threatening national health. The pathogenesis of esophageal cancer is diverse， which is generally considered as the consequence of environmental-genetic-gene interaction. In addition to genetic factors and regional characteristics， gene mutation， RNA interference， DNA damage repair， tumor microenvironment， dietary habit， chronic adverse stimulation， and inflammatory reaction are all involved in the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer. However， there is no unified and accurate conclusion. Clarifying the exact pathogenesis of esophageal cancer is of great significance for its early screening， diagnosis， prevention， treatment， and prognosis. Surgery， radiotherapy， and chemotherapy are the three effective methods for the treatment of esophageal cancer. However， due to the atypical early symptoms， most patients have missed the best operation period when diagnosed， resulting in poor clinical prognosis. Moreover， radiotherapy and chemotherapy will cause side effects such as loss of appetite， low immune function， esophagitis， pneumonia， and malnutrition， which is not conducive to the prognosis and treatment maintenance of patients. With definite efficacies on esophageal cancer， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， which is flexible and diverse in the treatment， can primarily or alternatively be involved in the treatment of esophageal cancer. TCM can eliminate postoperative complications and postoperative infections and relieve adverse gastrointestinal reactions， weakened immune function， and organ damage caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It can enhance clinical efficacy and improve the quality of life of patients. Therefore， it is necessary to systematically summarize the clear pathogenesis or risk factors of esophageal cancer and review the clinical characteristics of TCM in the prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer to facilitate the early screening， diagnosis， and treatment of esophageal cancer and promote the application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer and related adverse reactions.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the cost-benefit for the Influenza Type A H1N1 Virus (Influenzae H1N1) vaccination in Shanghai primary and junior schools.

METHODSA semi-experiment study was selected to evaluate the cost-benefit for Influenza H1N1 vaccination in primary and junior schools in 6 districts of Shanghai, including 414 636 students in total. According to the voluntary principle, the students were divided into the vaccinated group (233 445 students) and control group (181 191 students). The information of vaccine cost was collected from CDC in 19 districts in Shanghai by questionnaire; and the information of medical treatment cost was collected from questionnaire and abstracts of retrospective medical records, which included 31 mild cases and 15 severe cases. The cost-benefit analysis was conducted by health economic evaluation.

RESULTSIn total, there were 414 636 students enrolled in this study; while 233 445 (56.3%) students were in the vaccinated group and 181 191 in the control group. The attack rate in vaccinated group and control group was 0.61% (1433/233 445) and 1.76% (3166/181 191) respectively. The protection ratio was 65.34% ((1.76 - 0.61)/1.76) in the vaccinated group. The average cost of Influenza H1N1 was 36.81 yuan/person; and the average cost of medical treatment was (358.3 ± 243.6) yuan/mild case and (49 188.4 ± 99 917.3) yuan/severe case. The total benefit of vaccination in schools was 19 155 566.3 yuan, and the net benefit was 10 560 673.7 yuan. Therefore, the benefit-cost ratio was 2.24:1.

CONCLUSIONInfluenza H1N1 vaccine could protect the students from Influenza H1N1 infection, and the cost-benefit analysis showed that the intervention strategy was worth trying.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; immunology ; Influenza Vaccines ; economics ; immunology ; Influenza, Human ; economics ; prevention & control ; Schools ; Students