Objective This study was to explore deaf people's needs for a smooth communication with doctors and/or nurses during health consultation in the outpatient department or when being hospitalized and supply reference for compilation of sign language textbooks.Methods Purposive sampling was used and semi-structured interviews were conducted.Six deaf participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were interviewed.It lased for 20 to 40 minutes for each interview.Interviews were recorded digitally and then transcribed and validated.Transcripts were analyzed using a method of thematic analysis.Results Three themes were identified,i.e.needs for sign language interpreters,needs for information and knowledge.and needs for psychosocial and emotional support.Needs for sign language interpreters meant that doctors and nurses were able to communicate with them using simple sign language instead of terminology.The required information and knowledge covered three aspects,i.e.health condition,pharmaceutical therapy,and self-care activity.Conclusions There may exist serious communicative barriers for deaf people during their health consultation in the outpatient department or when being hospitalized.There is a need for healthcare professionals who are competent in sign language to establish the health delivery environment with minimal barriers.

Objective This study aimed to explore issues about dysandia female during pregnancy,peripartum and contraception and to supply reference for their reproductive health improvement. Methods Purposive sampling strategy was used. With the aid of an interview guide, 12 dysaudia women who met inclu-sion and exclusion criteria were invited to be interviewed. Interviews were recorded, validated and then ana-lyzed. Results Four themes were generated, limited knowledge, passive information acquisition, total depen-dence on family and reluctant to talk about contraception. Total dependence on family was noticeable during pregnancy and peripartum. Though little was known about health protection related to pregnancy, peripartum and contraception, participants were passive at seeking for relevant information. Conclusions Deaf women may experience more threats to reproductive health in relation to pregnancy, peripartum and contraception that they require more guidance and assistance.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate different methods by treating water-decocted liquid of 6 Chinese medical herbs and 4 co-prescription respectively with alcohol, ultrafilter, macroporousresin and clarifier.

METHODThe contents of target component in those extracts were determined with HPLC or titration, and quantitative and qualitative determination of the impurity components, such as polysaccharide and protein, was made.

RESULTEach method showed its advantages and disavantages.

CONCLUSIONDifferent method can be chosen according to the clinical and preparation demands or the characteristic of components.

Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; analysis

BACKGROUND:The connection between high-level central nervous system and spinal cord and peripheral nerve under injury level is blocked by traumatic spinal cord injury,and the whole function of the body is thereby influenced.The loss of motor function and feeling both severely affect the patient's life quality in views of physiology,psychology,function and social economics.RNA interference is an effective method to silence target genes,which provides a new treatment strategy for spinal cord injury.OBJECTIVE:To explore the application status of RNA interference in spinal cord injury.METHODS:PubMed and CNKI databases were retrieved using the keywords of "RNA interference,RNAi,spinal cord injury" in English and Chinese,respectively.The articles addressing the application of RNA interference in spinal cord injury were collected and reviewed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Totally 44 articles were enrolled.It is urgent to find a new way to treat spinal cord injury.Compared with the traditional gene silencing technology,RNA interference owing to high specificity,high efficiency,high stability and high penetrability is considered to be a new direction for the studies on the pathogenesis and treatment of spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the diagnostic value and safety of percutaneous lung biopsy in hematologic patients with lung infection.

METHODS28 cases hematologic patients received CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy when they developed a fever associated with pulmonary nodules or lumps in CT scan whose clinical diagnosis were unclear during or after chemotherapy. Sample of each lesion were drawn twice. The lung tissue was re-scanned after lung biopsy to check up in order to discover bleeding and pneumothorax. Biopsy tissue was examined by bacteria culture, acid-fast staining and pathology. Pathological examination contained HE staining, acid-fast stain, PAS stain, TB-DNA, methenamine silver and others.

RESULTS28 cases contain 24 males and 4 females. Median age was 40 15 - 77 years old. Blood tests were as follows: 3 cases with HGB > 110 g/L, 9 with HGB 90 - 110 g/L, 12 with HGB 60 - 89 g/L, 4 with HGB < 60 g/L. 8 with WBC > 10×10(9)/L, 6 with WBC (4 - 10)×10(9)/L, 13 with WBC < 4×10(9)/L, 1 with WBC < 2×10(9)/L; 14 with PLT > 100×10(9)/L, 5 with PLT (50 - 100)×10(9)/L, 5 with PLT < 50×10(9)/L, 4 with PLT < 30×10(9)/L. 4 cases had mild extended PT, 3 mild extended APTT, 3 FIB lower than normal. Lung CT scans were as follows: 4 cases with simply lesion in right lung, 4 with simply lesion in left lung, 20 with lesions in bilateral lung. 8 cases were diagnosed as fungal infection, 3 as tuberculosis infection, 1 as lung cancer, 1 as pulmonary infiltration of lymphoma, 1 as pulmonary infiltration of leukemia, and 14 as inflammatory changes with no specific diagnosis. 4 cases came with pneumothorax during lung biopsy, mild to moderate in 3 cases and severe in 1 case. Severe patient turned better after CT-guided suction. 3 cases with mild hemoptysis turned better after treatment.

CONCLUSIONWhen hematopathy patients are with pulmonary nodules or lumps in CT scan whose clinical diagnosis is unclear, CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy is safe and conducive to early diagnosis and conducive to early rehabilitation of patients if the coagulation function is basically normal and platelet count is not too low.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Female ; Hematologic Diseases ; microbiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the relationship of iatrogenic anemia and diagnosis blood loss for patients in RICU,and the change of the anemia before and after the optimized phlebotomy.Methods A prospective study was performed including 69 patients in RICU who met the inclusion criteria during January 2011 to May 2012.The patients adopted from January 2011 to July 2011 were assigned into control group (n =37) and from August 2011 to May 2012 were assigned into observation group (n =32).The control group received the conventional phlebotomy,while the observation group received optimized blood collection method aimed at reducing the blood loss volume respectively.Results In the control group the number of patients with anemia at the 7th day was more than that of the 1st day (23 vs 6 ; x2 =16.388,P =0.000) ; there was difference in Hbd1,Hbd3,Hbd7 (P ＜ 0.05) ; the mean daily phlebotomy volume of the first three days was greater than that of the last four days (P ＝ 0.000) ; Hbc1-3 and Hbc1-7 wcre related with BLd1-3,Hbc4-7 was related with BLd4-7 (P ＜0.05) ; BLd1-3,BLd4-7,BLd1-7 were related with APACHE Ⅱ score positively (P ＜ 0.05).In observation group there was no difference in the proportion of patients with anemia between the 7th day and the 1st day (19 vs 14 ;x2 =1.564,P =0.211); Hbd1,Hbd3 and Hbd7 were no difference (P ＞0.05); the average daily blood loss volume of the first three days was greater than that of last four days (P ＜ 0.05) ; Hbc1-3,Hbc4-7,Hbc1-7 were not related with BLd1-3,BLd4-7 and BLd1-7 (P ＞ 0.05).BLd1-3,BLd4-7 and BLd1-7 were unrelated with APACHE Ⅱ scores (P ＞ 0.05).BLd1-3,BLd4-7,BLd1-7,Hbc1-3,Hbc1-7 in the control group were greater than those of the observation group (P ＜ 0.05) ; there was no difference in Hbc4-7 between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Diagnostic blood loss can cause the iatrogenic anemia of patients in RICU,and optimizing the blood collection method and enhancing blood conservation can reduce the incidence of iatrogenic anemia.

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a foodborne and waterborne pathogen that causes endemic and epidemic human diarrhea worldwide. A few epidemiological studies regarding C. cayetanensis infections in China have been conducted. During 2013, a total of 291 stool specimens were collected from patients with diarrhea at a hospital in urban Shanghai. C. cayetanensis was not detected in any of the stool specimens by traditional microscopy, whereas five stool specimens (1.72%, 5/291) were positive by PCR. These positive cases confirmed by molecular technology were all in the adult group (mean age 27.8 years; 2.94%, 5/170) with watery diarrhea. Marked infection occurred in the rainy season of May and July. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the partial 18S rRNA genes of C. cayetanensis isolated showed intra-species diversity of this parasite. This study showed, for the first time, that C. cayetanensis is a pathogen in outpatients with diarrhea in Shanghai, albeit at a low level. However, the transmission dynamics of this parasite in these patients remain uncertain.
Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Cyclospora ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Cyclosporiasis ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; etiology ; parasitology ; Feces ; parasitology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outpatients ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ; analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult