OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of an active fraction (DSS-A-N-30) from Danggui Shaoyao San.

METHODDSS-A-N30 was prepared by macroporous resin chromatography, the compound was isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and RPC-18, the structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTA new monoterpene glycoside was isolated and identified from DSS-A-N-30.

CONCLUSIONThe new monoterpene glycoside was identified as 4"-hydroxyl-albiflorin.

Bridged-Ring Compounds ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Gel ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Monoterpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

Objective To observe the effect of isokinetic training of knee flexors and extensors on walking ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA). Methods From December,2016 to June,2017,120 patients with KOA in our hospital were randomly divided into blank group(n=40),control group(n=40)and observation group(n=40).All the groups were injected with sodium hyal-uronate intraluminally,and received joint mobilization.The control group added conventional strength training, including isotonic and isometric static squat exercise of muscles around the knee. The observation group re-ceived knee isokinetic training additionally,the training mode was ordinary isokinetic/centripetal mode.Before and four weeks after treatment, the peak torque (PT), the Lysholm score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain,ten-meter walking time and six-minute walking distance were tested. Results After treatment,the PT value of knee flexors and extensors,the scores of VAS and Lysholm,ten-meter walking time and six-minute walking distance significantly improved in all groups(P<0.05),among which the observa-tion group was the best(P<0.05). Conclusion Isokinetic muscle strength training of knee flexors and extensors can improve the walking ability of patients with KOA.

OBJECTIVETo explore the signal pathway mediating the regulatory effect of Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBX) on c-met gene promoter in HepG2 cells.

METHODSThe expression of c-met in HBX-transfected HepG2 cells treated with different signal pathway inhibitors was detected by western blot, the invasion capability of cells was determined by Matrigel invasion assay.

RESULTSERK inhibitor U0126 inhibited the expression of the c-Met in HBx-transfected HepG2 cells. However, both p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and PI-3K inhibitor wortmanin had no effect on expression of the c-Met in HBx-transfected HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the ERK inhibitor U0126 also inhibited the invasiveness of HBX-transfected HepG2 cells.

CONCLUSIONHBx induces invasion of HCC via activation of ERK pathway.

Blotting, Western ; Butadienes ; pharmacology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Vectors ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nitriles ; pharmacology ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVEThrough reviewing the relevant literature from the past decades, to summarize the assessment and management of fractures of the clavicle, and provide an overview of the clinical results of a range of treatment options.

DATA SOURCESThe data analyzed in this review are mainly from articles included in PubMed and EMBASE, published from 1960 to 2015.

STUDY SELECTIONStudies involving assessment of fractures of the clavicle were reviewed. Further literatures were gathered regarding the conservative and surgical treatment of these fractures, including the methods of fixation and the surgical approaches used. Both conservative and surgical treatments were then compared and contrasted.

RESULTSThrough retrieving and reading the abstract, a total of 42 representative articles were selected, which covered all aspects of the conservative treatment and surgical treatment, and compared the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment options.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough the majority of recent data suggest that surgery may be more appropriate as it improves functional outcome and reduces the risk of complications, we recommend that the treatment should be individually assessed.

Bone Plates ; Clavicle ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between the polymorphisms of [c.-2922(C)2-3 and IVS6+ 18insG] in the NURR1 gene and Parkinson's disease (PD) in a Han population from Sichuan province.

METHODSPCR, allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to determine the genotype of each subject.

RESULTSThe two polymorphic sites in 241 PD patients and 236 controls with matched age, gender and ethnicity were analyzed. In the IVS6+ 18insG site, the difference of genotype frequencies of 3G/3G, 3G/2G and 2G/2G was not statistically significant. However, the 3G/2G genotype frequency was significantly higher in the PD with age of onset being < 50 years than that in controls (chi (2)= 6.537, P= 0.011; OR= 1.913, 95%CI: 1.159-3.158). No significant differences were found in allele and genotype frequencies of the c.-2922(C)2-3 site in the promoter region between the PD and controls (P= 0.766).

CONCLUSIONThis study suggested that the IVS6+ 18insG polymorphism may be associated with genetic susceptibility of PD with age of onset being < 50 years and the c.-2922(C)2-3 site in the promoter region may not be a risk factor for PD in authors' patient group.

Adult ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Ethnic Groups ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 ; Parkinson Disease ; genetics ; pathology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sex Factors ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the frequencies of three polymorphisms in DJ-1 (g.168-185del; SNP405, refSNP ID:rs3766606 and 293 G/A) and their association with sporadic Parkinson's disease.

METHODSAn association study was performed to determine the genotype of each subject using polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis in 192 patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease and 198 healthy controls.

RESULTSIn the g.168-185del locus, the Ins/Ins genotype was common and the frequency of Del allele was very low (0.38%). The SNP of 293G/A was not detected in both groups. In the SNP405 G/T site, the GT genotype frequency was significantly higher in patients with age of onset before 40 years than in controls (18.75% vs 5.54%, P=0.004, OR=6.30 95%CI:1.96-20.18).

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that the frequencies of the g.168-185del and 293G/A polymorphisms might be different between Chinese and European. The SNP405 GT genotype might be a risk factor for sporadic Parkinson's disease with early age of onset in Sichuan Han population.

Adult ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; Parkinson Disease ; genetics ; pathology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Deglycase DJ-1

OBJECTIVETo determine whether there are any associations between the -258T/G polymorphism of the promoter and the IVS3 -20T/C polymorphism in parkin gene and Parkinson's disease (PD) from a Han population in Sichuan province.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism, denaturing high performance liquid chromatography(dHPLC) and sequence analysis were used to determine the genotype of each subject. The -258T/G polymorphism and IVS3 -20T/C polymorphism were analysed in 198 patients with sporadic PD and 187 healthy controls, matched for age and gender.

RESULTSThere were significant differences in allele frequency of the -258T/G polymorphism between PD patients and controls, with the G allele more common in cases than controls (52.5% vs 43.3%; chi square is 6.17, P< 0.025, OR is 1.45, 95% CI 1.04-1.86). There were also significant differences in G allele frequency between PD patients with onset age over 50 years old and controls(chi square is 9.048, P< 0.01, OR is 1.57, 95% CI:1.08-2.06). The frequency of TG+GG genotype was significantly higher in PD patients than in controls (78.79% vs 69.51%; chi square is 3.854, P< 0.05, OR is 1.63, 95% CI:0.88-2.38). In addition, there were significant differences in age of onset between PD patients with different genotypes (P< 0.05). The average age of onset in group of GG genotype was later about 5 years compared with the group of TT or TG genotype. The frequency of CC genotype in IVS3 -20T/C polymorphism was much higher than that of TC genotype. No TT genotype was found.

CONCLUSIONThis study suggests that the parkin promoter -258T/G polymorphism might be a risk factor for late onset PD in Sichuan. CC genotype for IVS3 -20T/C polymorphism is common in Sichuan Han population. No TT genotype for IVS3 -20T/C polymorphism is found in Sichuan Han population.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease ; ethnology ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; genetics

BACKGROUNDAlcohol has been used for treating simple renal cysts since 1981. Since then, various observational studies have examined the technique, but they differ significantly in the details of the procedures and efficacy measures used. This has made it difficult to assess the safety and efficacy of this technique. We carried out a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided alcohol sclerotherapy involving single-session multiple injections to treat simple renal cysts.

METHODSA total of 144 patients with simple renal cysts were randomly allocated to either the treatment group (ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage and alcohol sclerotherapy with single-session multiple injections) or control group (ultrasound-guided simple percutaneous drainage). Follow-up CT scans of ablated cysts were collected 3 and 6 months after the procedure. The outcome was considered successful if cyst volume between baseline and 6 months decreased by at least 87.5%.

RESULTSIntention-to-treat analysis revealed an average volume reduction of 94.2% in the treatment group and 50.8% in the control group (P < 0.0001). The percentage of patients achieving successful outcomes was 88.9% (95%CI 77.0% - 100.0%) in the treatment group and 22.2% (95%CI 6.54% - 37.9%) in the control group (P < 0.0001). The corresponding results in the per-protocol analysis were an average volume reduction of 96.4% in the treatment group and 50.8% in the control group (P < 0.0001). The percentage of patients achieving a successful outcome was 94.3% (95%CI 85.6% - 100.0%) in the treatment group and 22.2% (95%CI 6.54% - 37.9%) in the control group (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONAlcohol sclerotherapy involving single-session multiple injections is safe and efficacious in the treatment of renal cysts.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sclerosing Solutions ; therapeutic use ; Sclerotherapy ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the effects of Lycium barbarum soup on retina histological structure and related active substances in mice injured by heroin. Method Totally 120 Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, heroin group, Lycium barbarum 1 group and Lycium barbarum 2 group. The mice were intraperitoneal^ injected escalation with doses (2, 4, 6 g/L) heroin 0.2 ml continuous (1-5 N 6-10 and 11-15 days) for 15 days (twice a day). One hour after injected heroin, Lycium barbarum 1 and 2 group was intragastric administration with (1.0 g/kg, 2.0 g/kg) Lycium barbarum soup for 0.2 ml. The changes of retina tissue structure were observed by biomicroscopy, the changes of plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and retina inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity were detected by colorimetry, the changes of Caspase-3 and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa;B protein expression in retina was detected by immunohistochemistry method. Result Compared with the control group, the retina tissue of the heroin group was damaged in varying degrees, ganglion cells decreased, vacuolated degeneration occurred, the structure of the inner and outer nuclear layers was disordered, loose and reticular. The LDH activity of plasma increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The iNOS activity of retina increased significantly (P<0.01). The Caspase-3 and NF-kappa;B protein expression of retina increased, and the average optical density increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the heroin group, the ganglion cell layer vacuolation of the retina in Lycium barbarum 1 and 2 groups was reduced, the inner and outer nuclear layers were arranged orderly. The LDH activity of plasma decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The iNOS activity of retina decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The Caspase-3 and NF-kappa;B protein expression of retina decreased significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion Lycium barbarum soup can improve the anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory ability of cells, inhibit Caspase-3 expression and NF-kappa;B activation of retina. It can effectively reduce the damage of heroin on the retina and has a certain protective effect on the retina.

Objective To explore the diagnosis of small anterior communicating artery aneurysms and discuss the microsurgical techniques and the timing of surgical intervention.Methods Thirty-two cascs of small anterior communicating artery aneurysms were reviewed for the methods for lesion detection,imaging features of the lesions,microsurgical procedures and the patients'clinical outcome. Results CT displayed subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)in all the 32 cases.Magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) was performed in 13 cases and computed tomographic angiography (CTA)in 8 cases. All the 32 patients underwem a total of 35 examinations With digital subtract angiography(DSA).The time between operation and aneurysm rupture was less than 3 daysin 6 cases,4 to 14 days in 10 cases.10 to 14 days in 13 cases and over 30 days in 3 cases.Neck clipping of the aneurysm through the pterional approach was performed in all thc cases with tracheal intubation and general anesthesia,and hemorrhage due to ancurysm ruptures occurredin 5 cases during the operation.Death occurred in 1 case after the operation,and 5 patients developed hydrocephalus and received subsequent ventriculoperitoneal shunting.After the operation,22 patients showed good recovery,6 were capable of independent living, 2 needed assistance for walking and in daily activities, and 1 patient remained bed-ridden and needed nursing care.Follow-up of 27 patients for 3 to 12 months found no occurrence of hemorrhage or death.Conclusion DSA Can be the primary choice for diagnosis of small anterior communicating artery aneurysms.Earlyinterventions should be administered for grade I or Ⅱpatients,but for the other patients,the surgeries can be performed 2 or 3 weeks after the hemorrhage.Proficient microsurgical skills can be crucial for successful clipping of the aneurysms and for prevention and effective management of hemorrhage due to aneurysm rupture.