OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial distribution and antibiotic resistance situation with urinary tract infection(UTI) for the guidance of rational use of antibiotics.METHODS The antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates from urinary tract infection from Mar 2005 to Jul 2006 was analyzed. RESULTS The most common pathogens in urinary tract infection were Escherichia coli(50.2%),Enterococcus(14.4%),Staphyloccus aureus(8.7%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(7.3%),and Proteus mirabilis(3.9%).E.coli,K.pneumoniae,and P.mirabilis were found to be highly resistant to ampicillin,quinolones and SMZ(70.6-100.0%).Enterococcus were highly resistant to penicillin and quinolones(81.0-96.8%).41.4% of E.coli and 31.3% of K.pneumoniae isolates produced ESBLs.HLGR-Enterococcus were 79.4%.78.9% S.aureus isolates were resistant to oxacillin.CONCLUSIONS The high antibiotic resistance of commonly encountered pathogens is a serious problem and much attention should be paid to detect pathogens and their antibiotic resistance.

Objective To develop a candidate reference method for the determination of serum creatinine and to evaluate the ac-curacy of conventional detection systems though method comparison to achieve traceability .Methods The candidate reference method was established according to the sarcosine oxidase and the accuracy and reliability of the method was verified through par-ticipation in international reference laboratories EQA activities (IFCC-RELA) .20 fresh single human serum samples with different concentration and calibrator were simultaneously measured by using conventional detection system and candidate reference method . Results The calibration curve for serum creatinine was linear in the concentration range from 50-2 000 μmol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0 .999 9 under the optimum experimental conditions (the linear equation was Y=0 .000 884 2X-0 .000 325 3) and the imprecision was less than 1 .0% .The proposed method has been applied to the determination of RELA samples with satisfactory re-sults .The measured results with conventional detection systems were consistent with candidate reference method ,and the slope of the regression equation was 1 .005 6 .Conclusion The candidate reference method of serum creatinine is successfully established and which can be used for traceability and standardization .It may provide an effective way for conventional detection system traceable to the reference method or reference material .

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of single-port laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of incarcerated inguinal hernia in children. Methods The clinical efficacy of single-port laparoscopic and epidural anesthesia needle treatment for incarcerated inguinal hernia in children of 32 cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results Thirty-two children were operated successfully. The operation time was (16.24 ± 4.67) min for unilateral hernia (in 25 cases) and (21.69 ± 5.85) min for bilateral hernia (in 7 cases). The blood loss was (2.50 ± 0.56) ml. The recovery time of intestinal peristalsis was (16.42 ± 4.86) h after surgery, and the postoperative hospital stay was (3.25 ± 0.82) d. Intraoperative exploration found 7 cases had concealed contralateral hernia;incarcerated hernia contents included bowel in 27 cases, ovaries in 3 cases, and greater omentum in 2 cases. All the incarcerations were successfully restored by hand and no-damage clamp assistance. The incarcerated organ had good blood flow in all the 32 cases. The follow-up time was (15.62 ± 5.34) months, and there was no recurrence and atrophy of testis or ovaries. Conclusions The single-port laparoscopic surgery for incarcerated inguinal hernia in children has advantages of preservation of anatomy of the inguinal canal easily to perform high ligation of hernial sac, and reduction under direct visual control. Meanwhile, occult inguinal hernia in the opposite side can be cured. It was a safe, effective, and minimally invasive procedure, being worthy of further clinical application.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of umbilical single- port laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of children ovarian cysts. Methods The clinical efficacy of umbilical single-port laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of children ovarian cysts of 36 cases was analyzed retrospectively. Results Thirty-six children successfully completed surgery. The operative time was (27.8 ± 8.6) min, the diameter of ovarian cysts was (7.2 ± 2.4) cm, and the blood loss was (6. 5 ± 1.6) ml. All the children were confirmed to have benign ovarian cysts by pathological examination. Thirty-four children retained ovarian tissue after removal of the cyst, and 2 children underwent oophorectomy because of ovarian necrosis. The anus exhaust was recovered (18.4 ± 4.6) h after surgery, and the postoperative hospital stay was (4.2 ± 1.3) d. The children began to diet after anesthesia conscious. All the children recovered well, and no surgical complications occurred. The followed-up time was (24.6 ± 6.3) months, and no recurrence occurred. Conclusions Umbilical single-port laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of children ovarian cysts is easy, minimally invasive, no scar formation, quickly recovered and reliable. It is worth of further clinical application.

We have found the parallel relationship between the live cell number of several tumor cell lines and the formation of MTT formazan with MTT colorimetric assay. The MTT colorimetric assay was compared with ~3H-Tdr incorporation assay for the proliferation of mouse spleen cells induced by mitogens or the activity of rat/mouse IL2,the results suggested that the ~3H-Tdr incorporation assay can be replaced by MTT colorimetric assay. MTT colorimetric assay have the advantages of simplicity, rapidity,save any radioisotope and no specific equivepment, etc, so under some conditions it would be a useful method for measuring cell proliferation or cytotoxicity in a laboratory.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of testosterone undecanoate (TU) in the treatment of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) by meta-analysis.

METHODSWe searched Pubmed (until April 1, 2014), Embase (until March 28, 2014), Cochrane Library (until April 17, 2014), CBM (from January 1, 2001 to February 2, 2014), CNKI (from January 1, 2001 to February 2, 2014), Wanfang Database (from January 1, 2000 to February 2, 2014), and VIP Database (from January 1, 2000 to Febru ary 2, 2014) for randomized controlled trials of TU for the treatment of LOH. We evaluated the quality of the identified literature and performed meta-analysis on the included studies using the Rveman5. 2 software.

RESULTSTotally, 14 studies were included after screening, which involved 1 686 cases. Compared with the placebo and blank control groups, TU treatment significantly increased the levels of serum total testosterone (SMD = 6.22, 95% CI 3.99 to 8.45, P < 0.05) and serum free testosterone (SMD = 4.35, 95% CI 1.86 to 6. 85, P < 0.05) but decreased the contents of luteinizing hormone (WMD = -2.23, 95% CI -4.03 to -0.42, P < 0.05), sex hormone binding globulin (WMD = 2.00, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.63, P < 0.05). TU also remarkably reduced the scores of Partial Androgen Deficiency of the Aging Males (WMD = -9.49, 95% CI -12.96 to -6.03, P < 0.05) and Aging Males Symptoms rating scale (WMD = -2.76, 95% CI -4.85 to -0.66, P <0.05) but increased the hemoglobin level (SMD = 2.35, 95% CI 0.29 to 4.41, P < 0.05) and packed-cell volume (SMD = 4.35, 95% CI 1.36 to 7.33, P < 0.05). However, no significant changes were shown in aspertate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, prostate-specific antigen, or prostate volume after TU treatment (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTU could significantly increase the serum testosterone level and improve the clinical symptoms of LOH patients without inducing serious adverse reactions. However, due to the limited number and relatively low quality of the included studies, the above conclusion could be cautiously applied to clinical practice.

Androgens ; therapeutic use ; Hemoglobin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; blood ; drug therapy ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ; metabolism ; Testosterone ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacology

e chain-link flap is the good way in the treatment of large areas of the lower leg soft tissue defects.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of early interfering of yellow-water on Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) in lower extremities of hip fracture patients after operation. Methods 60 patients with hip fracture were recruited into a control group and a treatment group randomly. The control group was treated with low molecular heparin,while the treatment group was treated additionally with yellow-water on that basis. The status of pain, swelling levels, vascular color doppler ultrasound and safety of medication were reviewed after two weeks. Results There was 23.3% cure rate and 60.0% significant improvement rate in the treatment group, and 13.3% cure rate and 40.0% significant improvement rate in the treatment group. The therapeutic effect in the treatment group was better than the control group, with significant difference (P＜0.05 ) . Conclusion Yellow-water was effective in early interfering in DVT in lower extremity due to its quickness in eliminating swelling and alleviating pains with no stimulus feeling.

Objective To explore the relationship of phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten ( PTEN ) expression with the positioning of AMPA recepter subunit GluR2 in hippocampal neuron after stretch injury. Methods The primary rat hippocampal neuron from neonate rats were cultured and the model of stretch injury established. Western blot and TUNEL staining were used to detect PTEN expression and the positioning of AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 in rat hippocampal neuron at different time intervals after stretch injury. Results The PTEN expression was increased obviously after stretch injury, while the expressions of AMPA receptors GluR1, GluR2 and GluR3 showed no evident differences at every time point. However, AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 located at cytomembrane was down-regulated obviously after stretch injury. Conclusion The intracellular PTEN expression and the expression of AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 located at cytomembrane are on the contrary, indicating that PTEN phosphatase may participate in the transport and reintegration process of AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 located at cytomembrane.

Objective To evaluate the tumor targeting characteristic of the Folate-SPIO-DOX-Micelles by in vitro studies,and to test the feasibility of monitor tumor targeting using it and clinical MRI.Methods The polymeric micelles,Folate-SPIO-DOXO-Micelles were prepared.The in vitro tumor cell targeting efficacy of these folate modified and DOX or SPIO-loaded micelles (Folate-SPIO-DOX-Micelles)was evaluated by observing the cellular uptake of micelles by human hepatic carcinoma cells(Bel 7402 cells) which overexpressed folate surface receptors. Cell suspensions were incubated with Folate-SPIO-DOXO-Micelles for 1 h.Prussian blue staining was performed to show intracellular irons.Flow cytometry was used to further quantify the cellular uptake of the nanoparticles into Bel 7402 cells.MRl was performed to show the signal intensity changes by using T2 WI sequences at a clinical 1.5 T MR system.Results Prussian blue staining showed much more intracellular iron in cells incubated with Folate-SPIO-DOX-Micelles than the cells incubated with the non-targeting SPIO-DOX-Micelles.As revealed by flow cytometry,the mean fluorescence intensity of cells in the folate group and the non-folate group were 117.88 and 46.33,respectively.The T2 signal intensity in MRI of cells treated with the folate targeting micelles decreased significantly (when the concentration of SPIO in cell culture medium was 5,10,20,40,and 80 μg/ml,respectively,T2 signal intensity decreased by -5.02%,-23.58%,-45.89%,-70.34%,and -92.41%,respectively).In contrast,T2 signal intensity did not show obvious decrease for cells treated with the folate-free micelles (when the concentration of SPIO in cell culture medium was at 5,10,20,40,and 80 μg/ml,respectively,T2 signal intensity decreased by -3.77%,-2.16%,-2.18%,-2.74% and -19.77%,respectively).Conclusion The polymeric micelles,Folate-SPIO-DOX-Micelles has good targeting ability to the hepatic carcinoma cells in vitro,and the cell targeting events of the micelles can be monitored by using a clinical MR scanner.