This article focused on basic clinical skill training of Changhai Hospital,in such aspects as courses,teaching infrastructure,faculty competence,teaching pattern,evaluation system and incentives mechanism.These efforts aim at exploring the establishment of a new clinical skills teaching model,which prove satisfactory and improving the standardized residents basic clinical skill training system.

Primary thyroid lymphomas (PTLs) are closely correlated with the autoimmune reaction of thyroid. However, the molecular mechanisms of PTLs are still unclear. It is really necessary to improve the ability to differentiate between benign and malignant PTLs along with the introduction of some new molecular biology methods. The diagnosis and prognosis of PTLs depend on their histological features, pathological classification, and clinical stages. Customized therapy of PTLs becomes possible with the further advances in lymphoma's pathological classification, clinical stages, and international prognosis index standard.
Humans ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy

Objective In order to provide new clues on the cause of esophagus-cancer through seeking for information among the relatives of esophagus-cancer-patients at high-risk,contrast analysis was carried out to compare the ORs between esophagus-cancer cases and the relatives of the patients.Methods Case-control study was adopted on 720 cases and 720 controls who were kin relatives of the patients.Results (1) Risk of the relatives to the esophagus-cancer-patient group ( 1.34%-2.24% ) was obviously higher than the control group (0.78%-1.21%) (P＜0.01).In 1st grade relatives,the risk of parent' s to the esophagus-cancer patients (6.11% ) was obviously higher than the control group (2.97%) (P＜0.01 ).(2) According to the cascade analysis to the cases of both paternal and matriarchal,lines,results showed that the risks of both the paternal line (0.87%-1.01%) and the matriarchal line (0.50%-0.79%) in the group of esophagus-cancer cases were all obviously higher than the lines in the control groups (0.53%-0.65%) and (0.38%-0.47%).Data also showed that the risk among the male relatives of paternal line (eg:grandfathers',father' s,uncles' etc.) in the group of cases was 2.68% while the matriarchal (eg:grandmother's,mother' s,aunts' etc.) was 1.91%.Both figures were obviously higher than that in the control group (1.50% and 0.92%,P＜0.01 ).Conclusion The risk factor of esophagus cancer of the next generation seemed higher if the father and his brothers or mother and her sisters having had esophagus-cancers.

OBJECTIVETo find out the optimum extract process for Ligusticum chuanxiong in Gan-ning Granule, and studyed the methods of concentration and dry for the extract.

METHODWith the yield of ferulic acid as the assessment index, to optimize the 80% alcohol totalling, extracting times and circumfluence time for extract process by the orthogonal design, to optimize the inlet-air temperature, feed speed and density of feed for spry drying by the orthogonal design.

RESULTThe optimum procedure was the ferulic acid were extracted for 1 hour with 3 times of 80% alcohol. While extracting times effected it most porminently. The optimal processing conditions of spry drying were inlet-air temperature 120 degrees C, feed speed 8.5 mL x min(-1) and density of feed 1.15, While feed speed effected it most porminently.

CONCLUSIONThe experimental results provide the basis for the extraction process and drying process of the ferulic acid in ligusticum chuanxiong.

Coumaric Acids ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Desiccation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the immunoglobulin gene rearrangement patterns in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL), and to analyze the relationship between the two diseases.

METHODSFormalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues of 11 cases of PTL and 38 cases of HT as well as their clinical data, were retrieved. The latter group was further subcategorized into classic HT and suspicious PTL. Gene rearrangement studies for immunoglobulin heavy chains and light chains were carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using VH, FR3A and FR3kappa primers.

RESULTSThere was an increasing trend in immunoglobulin gene rearrangement rate for classic HT (10.7%), suspicious PTL (40.0%) and PTL (72.7%) groups. In general, a female predilection was observed. This sex predilection however was less obvious in the PTL group. There was no relationship between serum antibody (both thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase) titers and gene rearrangement patterns.

CONCLUSIONSHT and PTL show morphologic overlaps and may not be clearly distinguished on the basis of light microscopy alone. PCR-based immunoglobulin gene rearrangement study may be helpful in the detection of cases with early lymphomatous transformation of HT.

Female ; Gender Identity ; Gene Rearrangement ; Hashimoto Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Characteristics ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune ; genetics

Adult ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Wound Infection ; epidemiology

Objective Studies on cardia-cancer caused by hereditary factors. Methods Case-control method was adopted,with information including name,sex,date of birth,date of death of all the Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ relatives of the patients,diagnosis and the treatment collected. The hereditary probability of cardia cancer and the separation degree were calculated by Falconer and Li-Mentel-Gart. Results (1) Prevalence rates of cardia-cancer on relative Ⅰ,relative Ⅱ,relative Ⅲ of cardia-cancer patients appeared to be 0.54%,0.04%,and 0.05% respectively. Prevalence rates of upper-digestive-tract-cancer of relative Ⅰ,relative Ⅱ,relative Ⅲ of cardia-cancer patients showed as: 2.50%,0.36% and 0.13% respectively. Data showed that relative Ⅰ> relative Ⅱ> relative Ⅲ and family cluster existed in both males and females. (2) Cardia-cancer hereditary probability of the relative Ⅰ cardia-cancer probands was 11.71%,with males as 14.01% and females as 14.72%. The upper-digestive-tract-cancer hereditary probability of the relative Ⅰ cardia-cancer probands was 13.87%,with males as 11.49% and females as 23.08%,both below 25%,indicating this was a low hereditary cancer. (3) The upper-digestive-tract-cancer separation of the blood compatriots of cardia-cancer patients was 0.0452,with males as 0.0441 and females as 0.0507,both below 0.25,indicating the nature of a multi-gene but not single-gene hereditary way. Conclusion Hereditary factor is recognized as one of the high risk cardia cancer,but not the most risky factor causing the high morbidity of cardia cancer in Shanxi province.

In order to study the epidemiological characteristics of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients by means of plasma real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR), 141 adult patients undergoing allo-HSCT between January 2008 and June 2010 were serially monitored by RQ-PCR for detecting CMV and guiding the preemptive therapy followed up to 180 days post-HSCT. The results showed that the incidence of CMV infection and CMV pneumonia was 81.5% and 2.9% respectively, which mainly occurred within 2 months post-HSCT. Single-therapy with ganciclovir (GCV) for 63 patients or foscarnet 6 patients was performed for preemptive therapy. The total efficacy was 87.8%, and the response patterns were different. CMV infection was more frequent in female patients (P = 0.044), and those with aGVHD (P = 0.043), using ATG or basiliximab in conditioning regimens (P = 0.049), as well as earlier in patients using ATG or basiliximab or those with aGVHD (P = 0.007; P = 0.000). The aGVHD, maximum load, positive times of CMV-DNA detection and therapy duration all correlated with the efficacy (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the incidence of CMV infection is still high after HSCT. Plasma RQ-PCR assay for CMV-DNA shows a strong correlation with the clinical outcome of CMV infection, which is useful and suitable for management of CMV infection in HSCT.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Cytomegalovirus ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to explore the applicable value of multiplex nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (multiplex nested RT-PCR)for the detection of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) fusion gene in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Bone marrow or peripheral blood samples from 146 patients with MPN were analyzed by using a novel multiplex nested RT-PCR. The result showed that PDGFRα fusion gene was found in 6 out of the 146 bone marrow or peripheral blood samples, the positive rate was 4.11%, 4 from the 6 patients received treatment with imatinib and showed therapeutic effect. It is concluded that the multiplex nested RT-PCR has a series of advantages such as high sensitivity, specificity, and time-saving, and can be applied for determination of the molecular type of MPN, and also for the diagnosis and therapy of MPN.
Bone Marrow Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Gene Fusion ; Humans ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

In order to explore the value of reverse transcription(RT)-multiplex nested PCR for detecting PDGFRB gene rearrangement in myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), the PDGFRB rearrangement was detected qualitatively in 146 MPD cases by reverse transcription multiplex nested PCR. The results showed that 8 cases with PDGFRB fusion gene were found in 146 cases, the positive rate was 5.5%. Out of 8 cases with PDGFRB fusion gene, TEL-PDGRB fusion gene was found in 3 cases; HIP1-PDGFRB fusion gene in 2 cases; GIT2-PDGFRB, TP53BP1-PDGFRB and WDP48-PDGFRB fusion gene in 1 case, respectively. It is concluded that RT-multiplex nested PCR is a powerful tool for the detection of PDGFRB rearrangement, which helps to tentatively diagnose MPD and to provide the clues for targeting therapy.
Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods