Objective To analyze the prevalence of nosocomial infections among inpatients and its influential factors.Methods The retrospective survey was performed by reviewing and analyzing the clinical data of 7788 inpatients in 2004 in Nankai Hospital of Tianjin.Results Totally 250 nosocomial infection cases were identified,which gave a prevalence of 3.21%.The all-year highest prevalence was found in September.Among all the departments,the highest rate,5.20%,occurred in Department of Gynecology.The inpatients aged more than 60-year-old showed higher prevalence than those under 60 years old.The main infection position was lower respiratory tract(41.60%).Concludes The prevalence of nosocomial infections of Nankai Hospital were within the acceptable standard range defined by Ministry of Health,China.Nevertheless,the prevalence would be reduced if measurements for surveillance and control could be properly applied.

Objective To investigate the change of peripheral blood CD34+ cells and white blood cells(WBC)count in the patients with brain traumatic injury in convalescence stage during hyperbaric oxygen(HBO)treatment.Methods The peripheral blood CD34+ cells and WBC count were measured in 11 patients with brain traumatic injury in convalescence stage who accepted HBO treatment before and 1,2,3,4,and 5 weeks during the treatment.Other 11 persons were measured once as controls.Results Compared with the controls,the number of CD34+ cells showed normal in the 1st and the 3rd week,but increased in the 2nd and the 5th week in the HBO group(P<0.05).It was increased in the 5th week compared with that in the 1st and the 3rd week(P<0.05)in the treatment group.The number of WBC showed no significance and the patients' symptoms improved during the HBO treatment.Conclusion HBO can mobilize bone marrow derived stem cells marked by CD34,which may participate in the restoration of brain traumatic injury in convalescence stage.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of anal electrical stimulation (AES) with long pulses on anal sphincter pressure (ASP) in conscious dogs.Methods Nine healthy female hound dogs were used for the study,composed of 4 randomized sessions including AES with vari- ous stimulation parameters,20-min sustained AES to assess anal sphincter fatigue,atropine or phentolamine were used to block corresponding receptor.ASP was measured with manometry and the contractile area under the contraction curve.AES was performed via a pair of ring electrodes attached to the manometric catheter.The stimulation parameters in all sessions but the first session included a frequency of 20 ppm,width of 200 ms and amplitude of 3 mA.Results ASP was 55.7?6.0 at baseline and increased by 37% to 76.4?6.5 during AES (P

Adolescent ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dystonic Disorders ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male

BACKGROUND: Bupivacaine is widely used to alleviate post-operation pain and cure acute and chronic pain caused by inflammation or cancer.Its analgesic time cannot meet the request that drug is released slowly to prolong the analgesic time in clinic.OBJECTIVE: To detect the alleviating effect of bupivacaine polylactic acid microspheres taking high molecular polymer-polylactic acid as vector in rabbits with high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and traditional skin test method.DESIGN: A completely randomized controlled animal experimental study.SETTING: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLAMATERIALS: Sixteen New Zealand rabbits, weighing (2.58±0.17)kg were used in this experiment.INTERVENTIONS: The experiment was carried out at the Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between September and November 2002. ① Animal models were established according to traditional skin test method. ② Totally 16 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups: Group A and Group B, with 8 in each one. 5 mg/kg bupivacaine parenteral solution was injected subcutaneously in Group A, 5 mg/kg bupivacaine polylactic acid microspheres were implanted between subcutaneous tissue and sarcolemma in Group B. We took 1.5 mL blood from ear border vein at 5, 10, 20, 30,45 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after administration of bupivacaine parenteral solution respectively in Group A and another 1.5 mL at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 24, 3 6, 48 and 60 hours after admistration of bupivacaine microsphere powder for index detection. ③ HPLC method was used to detect the concentration and releasing effect of bupivacaine in blood serum.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentration change of bupivacaine in blood serum and efficacy diameter of local anesthetic.RESULTS:All the 16 rabbits entered the stage of result analysis. ①Change of bupivacaine concentration: Plasma bupivacaine concentration in Group A reached the peaked quickly after subutaneous injection with the high concentration of 2.466 4 mg/L, then declined quickly. Plasma bupivacaine concentration in Group B was relative stable, reached a peak much slowly after subcutaneous implantation, with peak concentration of 0.778 1 mg/L, and the plasma bupivacaine concentration maintained a relative low level, the mean retention time was obviously prolonged (P ＜ 0.05).② Alleviating effect of bupivacaine: The analgesic time was significantly longer in the bupivacaine microsphere group than in the bupivacaine parenteral solution group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:Bupivacaine polylactic acid microspheres have sustained release effects in rabbits.

Objective To investigate Fascin expression in human lung cancer tissues and its clinical significance.Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed in 62 patients with different histological types and clinical stages of lung cancer and 92 cases with other malignant tumors.Fascin positive rate in each group was calculated and the differences of pathological characters between the two groups were analyzed.Results Fascin expression in lung cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues(P ＜ 0.05),its expression varied by different clinical stage of lung cancer tissue differentiation.As differentiation degree decreased,Fascin positive rate increased.Fascin expression was independent with age,sex,smoking history(P ＞ 0.05).Fascin expression had no significant difference between lung cancer group and other tumor group(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Fascin expression raising might be common in malignant tumors.Fascin expression in lung tissues indicated the possibility of lung cancer.In lung tissue,high expression of Fasein was a sign of poor differentiation and malignant status of lung cancer.

Heterokaryon incompatibility is a widespread phenomenon among fungi,controlled by specific loci termed het (for heterokaryon incompatibility).This review focuses on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of nonself recognition and the relationship between the death progresses of heterokaryon incompatibility and associated proteins in fungi.The deep research of heterokaryon incompatibility mechanism will hopefully reveal underlying principles of the evolution of nonself recognition systems and will find some effective method for settling the instability of protoplast fusant of fungi.

Objective To evaluate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the viability of rat alveolar macrophages.Methods The rat alveolar macrophages were seeded in 96-well plate at a density of 4× 104/ml.After being cultured for 24 h, the cells were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =5 each) using a random number table : control group (group C), LPS 0.1 μg/ml group (group LPS0.1), LPS 1.0 μg/ml group (group LPS1.0), LPS 10.0 μg/ml group (group LPS10), LPS 5.0 μg/ml group (group LPS50), and LPS 100.0 μg/ml group (group LPS100).Phosphate buffer solution was added to the culture medium in group C, and LPS with the final concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, 50.0 and 100.0 μg/ml were added to the culture medium in LPS0.1, LPS1.0, LPS10, LPS50, and LPS100 groups, respectively.At 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after addition of PBS or LPS, the cell viability was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay.Results Compared with group C, the viability of alveolar macrophages was significantly increased at 6 and 12 h after addition of LPS in the other five groups , and was decreased at 24 and 48 h after addition of LPS in groups LPS50and LPS100 (P＜0.05), and no significant change was found in LPS0.1, LPSL0 and LPS10 groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Incubation with LPS 0.1-100.0 μg/ml for less than 12 h can enhance the viability of rat alveolar macrophages;incubation with LPS with the concentration ≥ 50.0 μg/ml for more than 24 h can decrease the cell viability.

Objective:To explore clinical and histopathological characteristics of primary biliary cirrho-sis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome.Methods:Clinical data and pathological findings of 10 pa-tients were reviewed.Results:Serum glutamine transpeptidase,alkaline phosphatase levels,alaninetransaminase,aspartate transaminase,serum IgG and IgM were elevated in all the patients.They were allpositive for anti-mitochondrial antibody and AMA-M2.Nine patients were positive for anti-nuclear anti-body and one patient was positive for anti liver-kidney microsome antibody.Liver biopsies in these pa-tients revealed:ten patients had bile duct lesion,hepatitis activities ranged from moderate to severe,andfibrosis ranged from S1 to S3.Conclusion:PBC-AIH overlap syndrome is mostly found in middle-agedwomen.It has the clinical and histopathological characteristics of both PBC and AIH.Accurate andprompt diagnosis of overlap syndrome patients should be based on the clinical presentation,biochemicaland immune indexes,and hepalic pathological changes.

Objective To study the epidemiological features of the endemic arsenism in Hohhot of Inner Mongolia in 2004-2006 in order to get scientific evidence for the control and prevention. Methods The historical data in Huhhot revealed that 51 arsenic villages in 3 counties(Tumotezuo,Tuoketuo and Helingeer) were investigated. When arsenic content in drinking water was 0.05-0.15 mg/L,the situation of endemic arsenism was investigated in the households having high arsenic contents of water. When arsenic content in drinking water was greater than 0.15 mg/L,the survey was conducted to investigate arsenic patients with census. Census rate was not lower than 90%. Patients of endemic amenism were diagnosed by The Standard of Diagnosis for Endemic Arsenism (WS/T 211-2001). Results A total 28 083 people were examined,3978 were determined to be patients with arsenism,including 1722 being suspicious, 1897 mild,329 secondary and 30 severe. The total incidence of arsenism was 14.17% (3978/28 083),while the incidence of suspicious,mild,secondary and severe disease was 6.13% (1722/28 083) ,6.75% (1897/28 083),1.17% (329/28 083) and 0.11% (30/28 083),respectively. Suspicious and mild patients were most frequently seen. The incidence of dyspigmentation,pigmentation,ketatoses,both dyspigmentation and pigmentation and all of skin disorders was 8.65% (2428/28 083),3.19% (895/28 083),6.48% (1821/28 083),2.13%(598/28 083) and 0.94%(265/28 083),respectively. The most seen skin disorders were dyspigmentation and ketatoses. The disease mostly occurred in those aged over 40 years,the incidence was 89.52% (3561/3978). The incidence of male [15.08%(2209/14 644)]was more than that of female[13.16%(1769/13 439)].Conclusions Current condition of arsenism in Hohhot is mild,arsenic disease surveillance should keep going. Prevention and control needs to be reinforced in the future.