Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a 33-amino acid peptide derived from the tissue-specific, post-translational processing of the proglucagon gene.GLP-2 is a newly discovered,specific for the intestine growth factor that affects gastrointestinal functions including epithelial growth of normal and developing intestinal preventing damage and facilitating intestinal repair in animal models and patients of intestinal disease. GLP-2 also inhibits gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion, up-regulates intestinal blood flow and reduces food intake. The actions of GLP-2 are initiated by activation of the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R), a specific G-protein-linked membrane receptor. This review provides an overview of the physiological, pharmacological, and therapeutic actions of GLP-2 and GLP-2R signaling mechanism, with a focus on the most recent findings on the role of this peptide hormone in the normal and diseased gastrointestinal tract.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of the vacularized iliac graft for ischemic necrosis of the femoral head in Niger young patients with sickle cell disease. Methods From November 1998 to Apirl 2001, 12 patients(5 males and 7 females, aging 11-22 years) with sickle cell disease suffered from ischemic necrosis of the femoral head in 14 hips. The lesion was on one hip in 10 patients and on bilateral hip in 2 patients. Necrosis was classified as Ficat Stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ in all patients. Twelve hips in 12 patients were treated with vascularized iliac graft in Maradi Province Hospital of Niger. The effects were evaluated on the basis of the Harris hip score and radiological examination. Results The patients were followed up 24-30 months after operation(27.4 months on average). The clinical results were satisfactory though no radiological evidence of improvement was noted. The mean Harris hip score increased from 75 points to 90 points. Pain relief and hip function improvement were achieved in all patients. No patients needed revision during short-term follow-up of 24-30 months. Conclusion The method is recommendation for treatment of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head in the Ficat Stages Ⅲ- Ⅳ in young patients with sickle cell disease for pain relief and restoration of hip joint function. This procedure may prolong the timing and acting of total hip arthroplasty.

The nature and functions of astrocytes (AS)， the pathological changes and roles of AS after spinal cord injury， the experimental methods of inhibiting AS proliferation and glial scar formation， and so on, were reviewed. AS beneficially affects repairing injured spinal cord at different periods of differentiation. However， adult AS secreting the factors formed the chemical glial barrier which severely affects nerve regeneration and hinders axon extension. Because of the static， activated and proliferative AS tending to coexist after spinal cord injury， and complex factors of barrier formation， the current approach taken by a single method is difficult to effectively control the AS proliferation and glial scar formation.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Solvents ; analysis

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overweight/obesity and their relationship with dyslipidemia among aerospace professional staff,to provide evidence for more effective health management.Methods Nine hundred eighty aerospace professional staff who took health checkup at our center in 2012 were required to complete a self-report life style questionnaire.Height,body weight and blood lipid profiles of the participants were then measured.Logistic regression was used for data analysis.Results A total of 776 valid questionnaires were finally received.The prevalence of overweight or obesity of the participants were 34.4％ and 10.1％,respectively.Standardized overweight rate was 36.9％ or 36.3％,and standardized obesity rate was 12.3％ or 11.8％,according to Chinese adults' level in 2002 or Beijingers' figure in 2006.Univariate logistic regression showed that age (odds ratio (OR) 2.050,1.666 and 2.164; 95％ confidence interval (CI) 1.490 to 2.820,1.048 to 2.648 and 1.164 to 4.020),gender (OR =0.296,95 ％ CI 0.211 to 0.416),marital status (OR =2.178,95 ％ CI 1.591 to 2.980),cigarette smoking (OR =2.571 and 1.889; 95％ CI 1.061 to 6.229 and 1.341 to 2.660) and alcohol consumption (OR =1.547 and 1.796; 95％ CI0.570 to 4.195 and 1.319 to 2.447) were risk factors of overweight and obesity.In multivariate logistic regression,age (OR =1.562,1.775 and 2.206; 95％ CI 1.029 to 2.372,0.943 to 3.341 and 0.977 to 4.978),female (OR =0.311,95％ CI0.206 to 0.469),marital status (OR =1.591,95％ CI 1.045 to 2.421),meat intake (OR=0.663,95％ CI0.437 to 1.007) and fried food (OR =0.604,95％ CI 0.420 to 0.870) were risk factors of overweight/obesity.The risk of developing hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,low high-density lipoprotein hypercholesterolemia,high lowdensity lipoprotein hypercholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia were significantly increased in overweight/obese adults.Conclusion Higher prevalence of overweight/obese may alarm the need for aerospace professional staff to initiate body weight control and risk factor prevention,especially for male and married adults.

Objective To investigate the effects of sensorimotor therapy on patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods Ninety-two patients with knee osteoarthritis were divided into a treatment group and a control group by using random digits table. Both groups received conventional rehabilitation therapy, including knee isometric and isotonic contraction training, ultrashort wave diathermy as well as aerobic exercise. The treatment group was also administered with sensorimotor training, in addition to the conventional training,including the muscle strengthening and control training of quadriceps and hamstring muscle using sling exercise therapy system and on the Thera-band mattress. The visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, manual muscle testing and knee range of motion as well as the Japanese Orthopedic Association knee function evaluation form were used to evaluate the patients. Results There was no statistic difference between the 2 groups before treatment, with regard to the evaluation parameters used in this study. After 2 months of treatment, both groups improved significantly (P ＜0.05),with the treatment group improved to a significantly greater extent (P ＜0.05). Conclusions Sensorimotor training in addition to the conventional rehabilitation treatment can further relieve the pain of patients with knee osteoarthritis joints arthritis and improve the function of patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Objective To analyse the clinicopathological characteristics of synovial sarcoma (SS) from histomorphology,immunohistochemical (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH),and to investigate the related factors influencing the prognosis of SS patients.Methods 94 cases were collected,including 60 SS cases and 34 in dined to SS cases.The expressions of common antibodies related to the diagnosis of SS Vimentin,CD99,AE1/AE3,EMA,CD34,Calponin,Ki-67 were detected by IHC,and the SYT-SSX fusion gene was detected by FISH.The clinical pathologic factors that affecting the prognosis of patients were analyzed through the statistical method.Results The positive rates of Vimentin,CD99,AE1/AE3,EMA,CD34,Calponin,Ki-67 were 100.00 ％,74.47 ％,36.17 ％,28.72 ％,17.02 ％,90.43 ％ and 60.64 ％ respectively.FISH results showed that 81 patients were tested with SYT gene translocation,including 54 cases who were considered as SS,and 27 cases who were suspected/inclined to SS,and the number of positive cells surpassed 80 ％.The gene translocation was not related with the patient' s age,sex,tumor position,histological type,differentiation of the cancer (all P ＞ 0.05).Single factor survival analysis showed that the degree of differentiation,tumor diameter,the recurrence and metastasis had certain influences on patients' survival time (all P ＜ 0.05).Multiple factors regression analysis showed that the degree of differentiation and tumor diameter were the risk factors influencing the prognosis of SS (risk coefficients ＞ 1,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions IHC combined with FISH SYT-SSX fusion gene detection have the vital significance in the diagnosis of SS.The degree of differentiation and tumor size are the risk factors influencing the prognosis of SS.

Objective To screen the optimal parameters of rectal probe electrostimulation (RPES) to release spasticity after spinal cord injury. Methods 10 patients with muscular tension more than 2 level of the modified Ashworth scale after spinal cord injury received the RPES in 9 parameters combinations from orthogonal array, every patient underwent a combination per day. Their muscular tension, clonus and reflex were recorded before and after each treatment. The varieties were analyzed with orthogonal design variance analysis. Results The optimal parameter for muscular tension was 10 mA, 3 /min, 15 min; for reflex: 10 mA, 4 /min, 10 min; for clonus: 40 mA, 2 /min, 15 min; spasm score: 10 mA, 2 /min, 15 min. Conclusion The stimulus intensity most affects the muscular tension, reflex and spasm score, and the frequency of stimulation most affects the clonus. The parameter components were separately for muscular tension, reflex, clonus and spasm score.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of patients with flaccid paralysis after high spinal cord injury. Methods1014 cases with traumatic spinal cord injury were investigated. The patients with flaccid paralysis after high spinal cord injury (spinal fractures above the level of T10) were analyzed. Results6 patients were ananlyzed, including 5 males and 1 female, mean of age was (42±12). The neurological injury involved C7 to T8, and the fractures involved T3 to T10. 3 cases had the neurological deterioration upward at least 3 spinal segments after operation compared with the fractures. One case accomplicated with severe pain in the chest had the subacute progressive ascending myelopathy up to C7 level. MRI showed extensive atrophy of thoracic spinal cord 6 months later in 5 cases. ConclusionThe incidence of flaccid paralysis after high spinal cord injury was rare. It presents the extensive thoracic spinal cord atrophy, and the causes and mechanisms are not clear.

Isolated alkaloids from Coptis chinensis Franch. The compounds were identified as berberine, columbamine, groenlandicine, jatrorrhizine, magnoflorine, corydaldine and ferulic acid methylester. Then measured their bitter degree based on the electronic tongue and evaluated the antibacterial. The results based on the Electronic Tongue showed that berberine, columbamine, groenlandicine and jatrorrhizine have higher bitter degree than magnoflorine and corydaldine. And they also appeared better antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus. The correlation coefficients between bitter degree and the two bacteria antibacterial activity were 0.983 and 0.911. So there was close relationship between the bitter degree and antibacterial activity of bitter components. Thus, it is confirmed further that bitter components are the material foundation of medicinal effectiveness of bitter herbs.
Aporphines ; analysis ; Berberine ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Berberine Alkaloids ; analysis ; Biomedical Research ; instrumentation ; methods ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Electronics ; instrumentation ; methods ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Reproducibility of Results ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Taste