To clarify the origin and development of the traditional Chinese medicine "Duhuo" and "Qianghuo" with medicinal literatures. Medical literatures of past dynasties were analysed and combined with the modern material. The "Duhuo" in Herbal writing Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing include traditional Chinese medicine "Duhuo" and "Qianghuo", "Qianghuo" was separated from "Duhuo" due to the distinguish of clinical application. The origin of "Qianghuo" is Notopterygium incisum and N. forbesii, However, The origin of "Duhuo" is very complex, Angelica pubescens f. biserrata as authentic "Duhuo" was used from Song Dynasty. "Qianghuo" was originated from "Duhuo".
Angelica ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Apiaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; Geography ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Research ; Species Specificity

Through the investigation of Phellodendron Cortex on the market, and 28 batches of samples were collected. By using spectrophotometer the color values of outer surface, inner surface and cross - section of these samples were measured. These measured color data was translated into 3D structure diagram by using the Lab color space tool. The level difference value, the mean value and the threshold value were calculated based the measured color data of these different batches of samples. All 28 groups measured data was analyzed using the methods of Ward linkage and average Euclidean distance. At the same time, we invited Professor Jin Shiyuan, the "Chinese medicine master", to identify, quality-evaluate and grade these 28 batches of Phellodendron Cortex samples base on the traditional experience, then compared the traditional empirical results with the spectrophotometer measurement results. The result showed that, the Phellodendron Cortex could be divided into Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex by color numerical clustering, and classified according to quality. The classification result has a high degree of consistency with the traditional experience.
China ; Color ; Herbal Medicine ; economics ; Phellodendron ; chemistry ; classification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; Quality Control ; Spectrophotometry

Altitude ; Animals ; Astrocytes ; cytology ; Brain ; cytology ; Hypoxia ; Male ; Microglia ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective:To evaluate the correlation between the polysomnographic findings and the degree of obstruction caused by adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy in children with clinical history of apnea. Method: Retrospectively studied the children who were diagnozed clinically of, obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) and underwented polysomnograph and endoscopy. Patients were divided nto OSAHS and non-OSAHS group according to polysomnographic findings. Result: Ninty-four children were involved in the study population, and 63 children of them were male. The mean age of the children at the time of inclusion in the study was 6.7 years. 36 children(38.3%) diagnosed OSAHS clinically had normal polysomnographic findings. No differences were found between children with PSG-documented OSAHS and others. Tonsillar and/or adenoid hypertrophy were not correlated to more severe apnea among enrolled children. Conclusion-There was no significant correlation between polysomnographic and clinical findings in children with OSAHS.

Objective To evaluate the application effect of‘incorrect cases’in medical statis-tics teaching. Methods The junior students (n=307)of clinical medicine were selected as research subjects by random cluster sampling. They were divided into the teaching improving group (n=151) who accepted case teaching and control group (n=156)who accepted traditional teaching. At the end of the term,the teaching effect was surveyed by questionnaires and compared between the two groups. Measurement data was analyzed by t test,enumeration data by χ2 test and ranked data by rank sum test. Results Students' interests of medical statistics and understanding the importance of the course in teaching improving group were significantly higher than that in control group (Z=-2.375,P=0.018;Z=-2.971,P=0.003). The proportion of students with learning difficulties in teaching improving group was obviously lower than that in control group (Z=-2.488,P=0.013). The satisfaction with theory and practical teaching in teaching improving group (84.10% and 88.74%,respectively)was significantly higher that in control group (73.08%and 71.79%,respectively)(χ2=5.530,P=0.013;χ2=13.841,P<0.001). Although no difference was observed in the test score between the two groups (t=1.230,P=0.220),knowledge of parameter estimation,hypothesis testing and science research design in teach-ing improving group was significantly higher than that in control group (χ2=6.829,P=0.009;χ2=5.835, P=0.016). Conclusions Application of ‘incorrect cases’in medical statistics teaching could arouse students' learning interests and improve clinical medical students' comprehensive analy sis ability of medical statistics.

Object To investigate the effects of ultra-fine powder technique and granularity of pellets on dissolution rate in vitro. Methods The dissolution rate of ultra-fine ERMIAO PILL with different granule diameters in vitro was measured and compared with the index of berberine by UV spectro-photometry. Results The dissolution parameters T 50 and T d of four kinds of ultra-fine ERMIAO PILL are 61.60, 19.48, 17.84, 8.97 min and 102.3, 33.29, 26.98, 14.77 min, respectively. Those of general powder ERMIAO PILL with granule diameter of 2.4 mm are 89.61 and 155.68 min. Conclusion The dissolution rate of ultra-fine powder is quicker than that of general powder, and the rate increases with the granularity of PILL decreasing.

Objective To census the preoperative prevalence rate of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and to evaluate the risk factors of DVT in senile osteoporotic hip fractured patients.Methods The object of study were patients aged 60 and above, and osteoporotic hip fracture by low energy injury in 2013.Based on medical records, all the patients with osteoporotic hip fracture were evaluated the signs and symptoms of DVT in 24 h, D-dimer test and underwent Doppler ultrasound screening of bilateral venous system in lower extremity after admission, and all the patients received preoperative prophylactic anticoagulation.Patients with popliteal and proximal level thrombus or floating thrombus underwent inferior vena cava (IVC) filter insertion.Outcome measures: age, gender, fracture type, D-dimer value in 24 h preoperatively, occurrence time of DVT and region, grade of preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists, preoperative medical diseases.Results 702 of 946 hip fracture inpatients were comprised in this retrospective study.All were not founded any symptom or signs of DVT.All patients were took preoperative Doppler ultrasound screening and the results as follows: 36 of 302 patients (11.9％) with femoral neck fracture were proved preoperative thrombosis(13 male, 23 female), the average age was 72.7 year-old(range from 62-90 year-old), on the same side as the fractured hip in 31 patients, bilateral thrombosis in 5 patients.74 of 400 patients (18.5％) with intertrochanteric fracture were proved preoperative thrombosis(38 male, 36 female), the average age was 76 year-old (range from 60-95 year-old), on the same side as the fractured hip in 68 patients, bilateral thrombosis in 6 patients.The most prevalence rate of DVT were in the first day after osteoporotic hip fracture, 15 patients (41.7％) with femoral neck fracture and 38 patients (51.40％) with intertrochanteric fracture.There were more proximal level and multiple level involment thrombosis over 5 days after injury.The most thrombosis were proven at calf and popliteal vein.Conclusion The prophylaxis of DVT should be started even in the emergency department in senile patient with osteoporotic hip fracture.To avoid the risk factors, early surgery and early postoperative mobilization will be effective.

AIM:To investigate the effects of 17?-estradiol (E_2) on the gene expression of typeⅠA and typeⅠB bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-ⅠA,ⅠB) in rat bone marrow stromal cells exposured to the differentiation medium and to elucidate the effects of E_2 on osteoblastogenesis. METHODS: Adherent bone marrow stromal cells were cultured in differentiation medium containing DEX(10 -7 mol?L -1 ) and 1,25(OH)_2D_3 (10 -9 mol?L -1 ) and different concentrations of E_2. The gene expression of BMPR-ⅠA,ⅠB was quantified by semiquantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: E_2 evidently inhibited the expression of BMPR-ⅠA mRNA in bone marrow stromal cells.The suppression was dose-dependent. When examined under various concentrations of E_2 (0-10 -6 mol?L -1 ),the expression of BMPR-ⅠA mRNA were decreased from (25.7?2.5)% to(16.3?1.5)%( P

Objective To investigate the effects of 17?-estradiol (E2) on the gene expression of typeⅠA bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-ⅠA) and core-binding factor alpha 1 (Cbf?1) in rat bone marrow stromal cells exposed to the differentiation medium and to elucidate the effects of E2 on osteoblastogenesis. Methods Adherent bone marrow stromal cells were cultured in differentiation medium containing DEX (10 -7 mol/L), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10 -9 mol/L) and different concentrations of E2. Effects of different concentrations of E2 on the gene expression of BMPR-ⅠA and Cbf?1 was quantified by RT-PCR based on the comparison with an internal reference, ?-actin expression, and identified by Northern blotting. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of cells was detected. Contents of type Ⅰ collagen were determined by Van Gieson staining. Results E2 could evidently inhibit the expression of BMPR-ⅠA and Cbf?1 mRNA during the differentiation process of bone marrow stromal cells into osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. These were confirmed by Northern blotting. The ALP activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner, but the amount of type Ⅰ collagen decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion E2 can significantly inhibit the gene expression of BMPR-ⅠA and Cbf?1 in bone marrow stromal cells and inhibit osteoblastogenesis in vitro.

Objective To study AngⅡ induced apoptosis of HUVECs and to observe the protective effect of serum contained huangqi on endothelial cell.Methods ECV-304 cells were randomly divided into control group,AngⅡgroup and huangqi group.In the control group,cells were cultured for 18 h,and the concentration of AngⅡ were 0 mol/L,1×10-6 mol/L,1×10-5 mol/L and 1×10-4 mol/L.The cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.Electron microscope was used to observe the change of HU-VECs.Ultrastructure of HUVECs induced by AngⅡ was observed by electron microscope.In the huangqi group,serum contained huangqi of different concentration were added into the medium and cultured for 24 h,then AngⅡ of 1×10-4 mol/L was included and cultured for 18 h,and the apoptosis ratio induced by AngⅡwas measured by flow cytometry.Results AngⅡof different con-centration could all significantly inhibit HUVECs proliferation.AngⅡof different concentration could all induce endothelial cell ap-optosis.HUVECs apoptosis was observed by electron microscope.HUVECs apoptosis induced by AngⅡcould be inhibited by ser-um contained huangqi.Conclusion Serum contained huangqi could protect endothelial cells.