Objective To compare the efficacy of different antibiotics strategy,introperitoneal (IP) cefazolin plus third-generation cephalosporin versus IP Vancomycin plus thirdgeneration cephalosporin on peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis.Methods All episodes of PD -associated peritonitis happened in prevalent PD patients between January 2008 and December 2012 were recruited from the PD Center of Peking University First Hospital.According to their empiric antibiotics scheme,episodes were divided into group A (where IP cefazolin plus third-generation cephalosporins were administrated) and group B (where IP Vancomycin plus third-generation cephalosporins were administrated).Multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the influence of different emnpiric antibiotics scheme on peritonitis outcome.Results Patients in Group B had significantly lower level of serum albumin (33.5±6.0 vs 35.3±5.2 g/L) and cholesterol (4.6±1.3 vs 4.9± 1.1 mmol/L) than those in group A.In group A,the percentage of gram-positive bacteria was similar to group B (43.2％ vs 43.3％,P =0.96),but gram-negative bacteria was numerically lower (16.9％ vs 24.7％,P =0.08).Different empiric antibiotics strategy was not independent predictor of peritonitis outcome [OR =1.07,95％ CI(0.45,2.56),P=0.87].Conclusion Both cefazolin and vancomycin can be selected as first-line empiric antibiotic covering gram-positive organisms in the treatment of PD related peritonitis.

AIM: To investigate the clinic efficacy and operation safety of improved small incision extracapsular cataract extraction in the sight-regaining program.
METHODS: Totally 82 cases ( 82 eyes ) included in the sight-regaining program of the cataract patients were underwent small incision extracapsular cataract extraction conbined with improved technology ( anterior capsule staining, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, auxiliary incision ) , postoperative visual recovery and operative complications were observed.
RESULTS: Postoperative visual acuity: uncorrected visual acuity when out of hospital: ≥0. 3 were 67 cases (82%);1wk after dismissed from hospital:≥0. 3 were 76 cases (93%), admist which ≥0. 8 were 45 cases (55%). There is no serious complication such as posterior capsule rupture, zonular dialysis, etc. in the operation.CONCLUSION: Combined use of improved technology can increase operation safety of small incision extracapsular cataract extraction.

Objective To evaluate the expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in colorectal carcinoma and analyze its influence on tumor cell proliferation.Methods The expressions of YAP in 94paired colorectal carcinomas and pericancerous normal tissues were detected by using immunohistochemistry method.The expressions of YAP in colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116 were inhibited with a YAP-spe-cific siRNA.Cell proliferation was then determined by methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.Results The positive rate of YAP in colorectal carcinomas was significantly higher than that in pericancerous normal tissues [69.1％ (65/94) vs 22.3 ％ (21/94),P ＜ 0.001].The expression of YAP was associated with tumor Node Metastasis(TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis(P ＜0.05),but not associated with gender,age,tumor location and histological grade(P ＞0.05).After YAP-specific siR-NA was transfected into HCT116 using lipofectamine,the expression of YAP mRNA and protein in the experimental group were reduced by (78.2 ±2.1)％ and (81.7 ± 1.5)％,respectively,with a statistically significant difference (t =67.55,91.601,P ＜0.01).The growth of HCT116 was significantly inhibited and the reduced rate of cell proliferation was (28.1 ± 1.6) ％,(34.7 ± 2.4) ％ and (24.7 ± 1.2) ％ at the time point of 48 h,72 h and 96 h,respectively.Conclusions Expression of YAP was upregulated in colorectal carcinomas and downregulation of YAP expression could inhibit growth of colorectal carcinoma cells.YAP can be used as a new candidate target for diagnosis and treatment of a colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To construct a recombinant plasmid DNA containing herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) gene.Methods The HSV-1 gD gene was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and inserted into TA cloning vector pGEM-T, then cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 to generate pLy-D. The recombinant plasmid pLy-D, which was confirmed by partial sequencing and restriction endonuclease analysis, was transfected into Cos-7 cells and used to inoculate ICR mice via muscular injection. Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) were employed to test the gD expression in transfected cells and the specific anti-HSV-1 antibody in the serum of immunized mice, respectively.Results The gD eukaryotic expression plasmid pLy-D was constructed. Using the immunohistochemistry technique, the gD expression in pLy-D-transfected cells was detected. The ELISA demonstrated that specific anti-HSV-1 antibody could be induced in immunized mice after three times injection.Conclusions We constructed HSV-1 gD eukaryotic expression plasmid pLy-D which could express gD protein in transfected cells and could induce humoral immune response in mice. This observation will be helpful in designing HSV prophylactic vaccine.

BACKGROUND:Now, domestic total knee arthroplasty surgeries mainly use medial parapatel ar approach, with the disadvantages of large trauma and slower recovery. The quadriceps sparing approach is more accorded with normal anatomy, which can keep the knee extension system intact. The clinical comparison between quadriceps sparing approach and medial parapatel ar approach is rare.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the early effect of total knee arthroplasty through quadriceps sparing approach and medial parapatel ar approach.
METHODS:From January 2009 to January 2010, 55 patients (70 knees) were randomly divided into quadriceps sparing approach group (n=26, 35 knees) and medial parapatel ar approach group (n=29, 35 knees). Patients in two groups received total knee arthroplasty through quadriceps sparing approach and medial parapatel ar
approach respectively. The incision length, operative time, postoperative drainage volume, additional amount of etoricoxib tablets, pain degree, straight leg raising time, start walking time, hospitalization time, range of motion of knee joint, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score, radiographic alignment of al components and complications were compared between two groups. Al the prostheses used in this study were the Sigma type prostheses
provided by the rotation platform of Johnson&Johnson Company.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the patients were fol owed-up for 12-24 months without infections, deep vein thrombosis, neurovascular injury, prosthesis instability, prosthesis loosening or displacement. Position of al the
prostheses was normal in patients. The operative time in the quadriceps sparing approach group was longer than that in the medial parapatel ar approach group (P=0.00), while the incision length, postoperative drainage volume, additional
amount of etoricoxib tablets, visual analog scale, straight leg raising time, start walking time, hospitalization time, range of motion of knee joint at 3 days after replacement and Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score in the quadriceps
sparing approach group were better than those in the medial parapatel ar approach group (P<0.05). There were no
significant differences in range of motion of knee joint at 3 days after replacement and Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score between two groups. The early effect of total knee arthroplasty through quadriceps sparing approach is better than the medial parapatel ar approach, and there is no significant difference in prosthesis alignment between two methods.

Objective To research the infections of respiratory syneytial virus(RSV)in children with respiratory tract inflammation and define its molecular epidemic features in Urumchi.Methods SamDles were collected from November 2006 to April 2007 in the People's General Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,including 112 respiratory secretions and 280 nasopharyngeal swabs. RSV and its subgroups were detected by nested PCR.The five positive amplicons selected randomly from all positive samples were sequenced and compared with other RSV in GenBank by BLAST and DNAStar.Results of all 392specimens.68 RSV G gene segments were tested.Among them,RSV lineage A occupied 93.3%,while B occuDied 6.7%.The identities between them were 63.1%-99.4%.Phylogenetic analysis defined that they belonged to two different clusters.Conclusion RSV was one of the important viruses leading to children's respiratory tract infections in the People's General Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during winter and spring from 2006 to 2007.RSV subtype A was the prevalent genotype in the hospital dunng this epidemics.

Objective To explore the relationship of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and carotid plaques in patients with coronary heart disease and analyze the related factors of carotid plaques.Methods This study enrolled 209 patients.13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) was used to assess Hp infection.Based on the results of 13C-UBT,patients were divided into infection-positive group (101 patients) and infection-negative group (108 patients).The incidence of carotid plaques was detected by color Doppler,and plasma homocysteine (Hcy),total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),fibrinogen (Fbg),high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured and compared.Results The incidence of carotid plaques in infection-positive group(69.31％,70/101) was higher than that in infection-negative group (55.56％,60/108),and there was significant difference (P =0.040).There was significant difference in hs-CRP between infection-positive group and infection-negative group [(3.91 ± 1.91) mg/L vs.(2.65 ± 1.15)mg/L] (P =0.041).There were no significant difference in Hcy,TC,LDL-C,Fbg between infection-positive group and infection-negative group (P ＞ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that Hp infection was correlated with carotid plaques in patients with coronary heart disease.The severity of Hp infection had no significant effect on the incidence of carotid plaques.Conclusions Hp infection-positive patients with coronary heart disease may have a higher incidence of carotid plaque,regardless of Hcy,LDL-C,Fbg and TC level.This study shows that Hp is correlated with carotid plaque.The severity of Hp infection has no significant effect on the incidence of carotid plaque.

Objective To compare the expression of serum miR-100 in patients with esophageal cancer and healthy person ,and explore the value of miR-100 in diagnosis for esophageal cancer .Methods Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reac-tion was used to detecting miR-100 in 40 esophageal cancer patients(study group) and 50 healthy person(control group) .Results The expression of miR-100 in the study group and control group were 6 .399 ± 3 .541 ,2 .625 ± 1 .515 respective ,the expression in the study group was significant higher than that of the control group(t= 9 .07 ,P< 0 .05) .The under area of receiver operating char-acteristic curve of miR-100 in diagnosis for esophageal cancer was 0 .832(95% confidence interval was 0 .731 - 0 .934) ,when the Cut off value was 5 .285 ,the sensitivity and specificity of miR-100 in diagnosis for esophageal cancer were 65% and 95% . Conclusion Serum miR-100 in esophageal cancer patients is higher than that in healthy person ,which might be a new molecular markers in diagnosis for esophageal caner .

Objective To evaluate the prevention of glucocorticoid -induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head(ANFH)with Tongluo Shenggu Capsule(TSC).Methods One hundred and twenty adult SD rats were randomized into six groups:normal control group,model group,clofibratum group and three -dose TSC groups(high -,moderate -and low -dose respectively).ANFH rat models were established by injection of glucocorticoid once per week and the med-ication groups were given drugs by ga stric infusion one time a day.The rats were killed in the fourth,eighth and twelfth week respectively.Then the macrosc opic and microscopic feature of the f emoral head were observed,and ink -p erfused specimens of the femoral head were detected and analyzed by auto -photograph software of Metamoph to evaluate the pre-ventive effect of TSC.Results In TSC groups,bone trabecula grew we ll,similar to the normal group;lacu nar bone per-centage was lower than that in the mod el group;fatty degeneration in marrow cavity of the femoral head was redu ced,andthe number of subcartilaginous bloo d vessels and their diameter were increased as compared with those in the model group(P

Developmental changes in children can affect drug disposition and clinical effects. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model is a mathematical model that can be used to predict blood drug concentrations in children and gain insight into age-dependent physiological differences in drug disposition impact. Pediatric PBPK (P-PBPK) models have attracted attention over the past decade. With the concerted efforts of academia, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory agencies, there are more and more examples of pediatric clinical studies using PBPK models. Nevertheless, the number of P-PBPK models and their predictive performance still lag behind adult models. By referring to the literature, we study the process of children adapting to adult absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters and analyze the general principles of P-PBPK model establishment. In addition, we summarize the functions and application examples of commonly used P-PBPK modeling software to provide a basis for the rational application of modeling software.