Objective To investigate the relationship between the variation of cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure and that of intracranial perfusion pressure during the process of increasing intracranial pressure.Methods Fourteen dogs were installed epidurally with latex sacculus to establish models of increased intracranial pressure. The degree of intracranial pressure and volume could be altered by changing the volume of fluid in the sacculus. During the process, pressure transducers were arranged to monitor and record the systematic blood pressure and the variation of the pressure of cerebral ventricle and lumbar subarachnoid space.Results With the continual increasement of intracranial pressure, the cerebral perfusion pressure decreased, and the cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure correspondingly increased. A positive linear relationship between the variation of intracranial pressure and that of cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure and a negative linear relationship between the variation of cerebral perfusion pressure and that of cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure were found.Conclusion During the experimental process of increased intracranial pressure, with the decrease of cerebral perfusion pressure , the cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure increases. The relationship of variations between them shows a negative linear one. It seems that in the circumstances when the autoregulation of cerebral vessel is injured, the variations of cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure may produce some useful information as to the changes of intracranial blood flow.

Objective To study the changes of low-frequency-component of intracranial pressure (ICP) fluctuation during intracranial hypertension. Methods 15 healthy mongrel dogs were used to make models of intracranial hypertension by arranging latex sacculus epidurally.The different amount of normal that was injected into latex sacculus led to fluctuation of ICP and alteration of intracranial volume. The pressures in ventricle and lumbar spinal canal were recorded continuously by baroceptor, and the changes of low-frequency-component of ICP fluctuation were studied by frequency-spectrum analysis. Results After increase of intracranial pressure and volume,pulse wave (M wave) with its frequency at 0.1～0.2 Hz showed continually. Conclusion Emerge of M wave may reflect some decrease of intracranial compliance and the beginning of volume compensation failure.

With the development of natural products, the research activities on the solubilization methods of water-insoluble natural products have been carried out worldwide. Big molecular weight and poor solubility of most natural active ingredients lead to a very poor oral absorption and low bioavailability, which has extremely limited their development in pharmaceutical fields and clinical application. As a result, it is necessary to find out a suitable technique to improve the solubility and enhance the oral bioavailability of insoluble natural drugs. Based on the related references published in these years, this review introduced some new techniques to improve the solubility and bioavailability of natural drugs, including prodrugs, inclusion complex, solid dispersion, cocrystals, osmotic pump, liquisolid compacts, micronization, self-microemulsifying, nanosuspensions, lipsomes, polymeric micelles and so on, and summarized the theory, characteristics, application range, application examples, problems and development direction of each technique.
Administration, Oral ; Biological Availability ; Biological Products ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Water

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; diagnosis ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; diagnosis ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; diagnosis

Objective To explore the association between Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation C group (XPC) Lys939Gln (A/C) gene polymorphism and the susceptibility of gastric cancer.Methods By searching PubMed,Cochrane Library,Elsevier,Springer-Verlag,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Biomedical Literature Data,VIP Database and Wanfang Database,all eligible case-control studies published up to September 2015 were selected and the quality of each article was valuated by two reviewers independently according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Meta-analysis was performed by using STATA 12.0 software.Odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) were calculated.The text was estimated for the subgroup analysis,sensitivity analysis and publication bias test.Results A total of 7 case-control studies were included,including 2 336 cases with gastric cancer and 3 502 controls.The Meta-analysis showed that compared with the allele A,the allele C increased the risk of gastric cancer (OR =1.09,95％ CI:1.01-1.18,Z =2.12,P =0.034);compared to the genotype AA,the homozygous model (CC) and dominant model (CC + AC) also increased the risk of gastric cancer (CC vs.AA:OR =1.19,95％ CI:1.00-1.42,Z =2.00,P=0.046;CC+ACvs.AA:OR=1.12,95％CI:1.00-1.25,Z=2.03,P=0.042).The Meta-analysis showed the statistical significance between XPC Lys939Gln (A/C) gene polymorphism and the gastric cancer risk in subgroup of Asian people (C vs.A:OR =1.10,95％ CI:1.01-1.20,Z =2.28,P =0.023;CC vs.AA:OR=l.21,95％CI:1.01-1.46,Z=2.02,P=0.043;CC +AC vs.AA:OR =1.13,95％ CI:1.01-1.27,Z =2.11,P =0.035) and the source of community in the control group (C vs.A:OR =1.11,95％ CI:1.01-1.21,Z=2.25,P =0.024;CC vs.AA:OR =1.23,95％ CI:1.02-1.50,Z =2.12,P =0.034).Conclusion XPC Lys939G1n (A/C) gene polymorphism may be associated with the susceptibility of gastric cancer,and genotype CC,CC + AC and allele C can increase the risk of gastric cancer.

Objective To quantitatively examine the relationship between xeroderma pigmentosum complementation C group (XPC)rs2228000 (C /T)polymorphism and the susceptibility of breast cancer. Methods The relevant case-control studies published up to December 2015 which investigated XPC rs2228000 (C /T)polymorphism and breast cancer risk were identified by searching PubMed,Cochrane Library,Chinese Biomedical Literature Data,Wanfang Database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP Database. Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 12.0 software and odds ratio (OR)with its 95%CI were estimated. Results A total of 8 researches involving 9 case-control studies (3 850 breast cancer cases and 5 047 healthy controls) were included.The Meta-analysis showed that there was statistical association between XPC rs2228000(C /T)variance and breast cancer risk in the homozygous model (TT vs.CC:OR =1.28,95%CI:1.08-1.52,Z =2.80,P =0.005)and recessive model (TT vs.TC +CC:OR =1.23,95%CI:1.05-1.43, Z =2.64,P =0.008),but not in the allele model,heterozygote model and dominant model.In the subgroup of ethnicity and genotyping methods,the different significant correlation was existed between them under Asian and PCR-RFLP in genetic models (T vs.C:OR =1.21,95%CI:1.05-1.40,Z =2.63,P =0.009;TT vs. CC:OR =1.55,95%CI:1.13-2.13,Z =2.70,P =0.007;TT +TC vs.CC:OR =1.26,95%CI:1.02-1.55,Z =2.19,P =0.028;TT vs.TC +CC:OR =1.39,95%CI:1.04-1.87,Z =2.23,P =0.026).We also found significant association between them in subgroup of population-based controls in the homozygous model (TT vs.CC:OR =1.27,95%CI:1.02-1.57,Z =2.16,P =0.031).Conclusion XPC rs2228000 (C /T)polymorphism may be associated with the susceptibility of breast cancer,especially in Asian,and gene-type TT may increase the risk of breast cancer.

10.3969/j.issn.1000-3606.2013.06.004

Objective To investigate the significance of sonographic patterns of thyroid calcification in diagnosis of thyroid nodule.Methods 235 patients with 355 thyroid nodules were retrospectively analyzed.Nodule calcification size,distribution and pattern were observed.Results The incidence of calcification in benign and malignant nodules was 30.3％ (89/294)and 73.7％ (45/61) respectively.The difference had statistical significance(x2 =24.3,P ＜0.01).The rate of microcalcification in cancer was 47.5％ (29/61),higher than that in benign one 3.1％ (9/294)(x2 =99.1,P ＜ 0.01).Coarse calcification in benign nodules and malignant lesion was 27.2％ (80/294)and 26.2％ (16/61)respectively.The difference had no statistical significance(x2 =0.42,P ＞0.05).Conclusions Microcalcification of thyroid nodules is a specific index for thyroid carcinoma.Any type of sonographically detected calcification represents risk of malignancy.Not only microcalcification,these cases should raise the suspicion of malignancy in coarse calcification,especially involving a solitary nodule and irregular shape.

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in differentiating vertebral metastatic tumors from benign deseases after studying the early changes of signal intensity.Methods Twenty patients were scanned by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.The parameters of signal intensity were measured and calculated,and time-intensity cures(TICs)were drawn.Then,they were compared with those of normal verte- braes,the characteristics were analyzed.Results The parameters of vertebral metastatic tumors:peak signal intensi- ty,signal intensity minimum signal intensity of post-peak,peak slope,initial ratio of enhancement,maximum ratio of enhancement was respectively(50.61?11.38),(46.75?10.23),(0.73?0.12),(0.33?0.08),(1.03?0.31); that of normal vertebraes was respectively(40.53?12.12),(34.72?14.06),(0.31?0.11),(-0.25?0.05), (0.69?0.28);and ten normal cases showed negative in initial percent of enhancement,but only two abnormal ver- tebraes showed that.All of the above had significant statistical difference.Four types of TICs were concluded:early rapid rise and early rapid descent followed by steady phase(type A),persistently rise(type B),rise phase followed by steady phase(type C),rise phase followed by rapid descent phase(type D).TICs of abnormal vertebraes were respec- tively 6,5,5,5 cases;types of normal vertebraes were mainly type C,15 cases.Type A and type B and the type with the characteristic of early rapid descent phase were features of abnormal vertebraes;type C was the feature of normal ones.Conclusions Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI could quantitatively show the characteristics of early changes of signal intensity of vertebral metastatic tumors,which were significant statistically different from those of normal ver- tebraes.Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was worth performing in the early diagnosis of vertebral metastatic tu- mors.

In this paper, Liuwei Dihuang pill was used to study the identification of Chinese patent medicine by fluorescence sequencing typing technology. The DNA of Paeonia suffruticosa was used as template to amplify by five pair of FAM fluorescence labeling primers. Then, the amplified products were sequenced. The sequencing results were analyzed by GeneMarker V1.80 to screen the best fluorescence labeling primers. As a result, psbA-trnH fluorescence labeling primer was used to identify the raw materials of Liuwei Dihuang pill. The results showed that three kinds of raw plant medicinal materials in Liuwei Dihuang pill were able to be correctly identified by psbA-trnH fluorescence labeling primer. The fluorescence sequencing typing technology can stably and accurately distinguish raw medicinal materials in Chinese patent medicine.
DNA Primers ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Fluorescent Dyes ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; instrumentation ; methods ; Quality Control ; Staining and Labeling