Objective: To construct DNA vaccine against C region gene of SARS-CoV S protein, and observe the immune response induced by DNA vaccine injection and mucosal immunization. Methods: A recombinant DNA vaccine plasmid was constructed by cloning Sc gene fragment into pcDNA3. 1( - ) ,which could induce anti-SARS-CoV specific antibodies in mouse. After mice immunized with the recombinant DNA vaccine by injection and mucosal immunization, the SARS-CoV antibodies in the sera of mice were detected by ELISA,the lymphocyte phenotypes were detected by FCM,the specific antigen expressed in tissues was detected with immuno histochemical analysis. Detect spleen and MLN lymphocyte proliferation and CD8+ CTL response in vitro. Results: The titer of anti-Sc IgG was much higher in the mouse injected pcDNA3. 1-Sc than that of control group (P

BACKGROUND: Learning memory disorder is one of the major manifestations of aging. The model of aging induced by D-galactose is a commonly used animal model in recent years, and long-term D-galactose exposure may cause nerve cell morphological changes in animals.OBJETCIVE: To observe spatial learning memory behavior during Dgalactose-induced aging process in order to further explore in vivo evoked long-term potentiation in hippocampus dentate gyrus and synaptic morphological changes in hippocampal CA3 region.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Anatomical Teaching and Research Secti , Shanghai Second Medical University; Department of Physiology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Physiological Laboratory of Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine University between August 2000 and April 2001. Totally 22 male Wistar rats of 3-month birth age were included and randomized into normal group and D-galactose group with 11 rats in each group. D-galactose was produced by Shanghai No. 2 Chemical Reagent Factory, Morris water maze was home-made by the Institute of Geriatrics, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine university.METHODS: Rats were subjected to hypodermic injection of 1 mL normal saline every day in normal group, or D-galactose of 800 mg/kg daily for 6consecutive weeks in D-galactose group. Rat spatial learning memory behavior was assessed by the latency of Morris water maze; hippocampal dentate gyrus community potentials evoked by monopulse stimulation on perforating fibers were recordedin vivo; meanwhile, the amplitude of monopulse evoked potentials was determined before and after high frequency stimulation, with the amplitude before high frequency stimulation taken as baseline. Transmission electromicroscope was applied in combination with imaging analysis to observe synaptic morphology and structure in rat hippocampal CA3 region. Water labyrinth latency was compared using the variance analysis of repetitive survey design, t-test was used to compare the differences of peak potential latency of community potentials at various time points after long-term potentiation. Moreover, inducing rate of longterm potentiation was compared by χ2-test, XY-540 type biological imaging processing system was used to analyze electromicroscopic pictures, and all available data were analyzed with t-test.MAN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Main outcomes: Changes of Morris water maze latency, as well as inducing rate of long-term potentiation and community potentials. [2] Secondary outcomes: Synaptic morphological and structural changes in hippocampal CA3 region.RESULTS: Totally 22 rats were enrolled in this study, with no one lost during water labyrinth test, but one rat in both normal group and D-galactose group died during electrophysiological experiment. Finally 3 rats were randomly selected from each group for electromicroscopic observation. [1]Comparison of the latency for Morris water maze: In contrast with that of normal group, latency for seeking submarine platform was obviously prolonged in D-galactose group [(14.77±10.10), (51.36±12.45) s, P ＜ 0.05].[2] Comparison of evoked potential in hippocampus dentate before high frequency stimulation: The two groups did not obviously differ in community potential amplitude and community potential latency [(1.05±0.47),(0.91±0.41) mV; (5.46±2.09), (5.38±2.26) ms; P ＞ 0.05]. [3] Inducing rate of long-term potentiation in hippocampal dentate gyrus: Compared to that of normal group, inducing rate in D-galactose group obviously reduced after high frequency stimulation (80%, 20%, χ2=7.20, P ＜ 0.01). [4] Comparison of community potential ratio at different time points after high frequency stimulation: Compared to that of normal group, it was notably reduced in D-galactose group at post-stimulation 20, 30, 60 minutes, respectively (1.104±0.196, 0.919±0.162; 1.354±0.212, 0.999±0.219; 1.236±0.174,0.875±0.311; P ＜ 0.05). [5] Comparison of synaptic struc tural parameters in hippocampal CA3 region: Compared to that of normal group, postsynaptic dense bodies became thickened in hippocampal CA3 region of D-galactose group [(40.60±18.26), (26.35±8.15) nm, P ＜ 0.05], the synapse gap increased [(17.69±6.28), (26.95±5.67) nm, P ＜ 0.05] while synaptic active zone was shortened [(265.13±76.50), (229.13±90.68) nm, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: Hypodermic injection of D-galactose does harm to rat spatial learning memory by reducing the long-term potentiation, inducing rate in rat hippocampal dentate gyrus, attenuating the increase of long-term potentiation-evoked potential amplitude, and even remarkably changing the synaptic ultrastructure in rat hippocampal CA3 region. It suggests that Dgalactose inhibits the long-term potentiation at hippocampal dentate gyrus and affects synaptic structure in hippocampal CA3 region, which is considered as the basis of spatial learning memory behavioral disorder.

Objective To investigate the effects of different target effect-site concentrations (Ces) of remifentanil on the sedative effect of propofol. Methods Fifty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 20-55 yr weighing 48-86 kg with body mass index ＜ 30 kg/m2 were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 10 each) . Anesthesia was induced with TCI of remifentanil (Ce = 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 ng/ml in groups R0-R4 respectively) and propofol. The initial Ce of propofol was 2.0 μg/ml in the 5 groups, and then the Ce of propofol increased by 0.5 μg/ml every 1 min until BIS value decreased to 50. BIS value and Ce of propofol were recorded as the patient lost consciousness. The effect-site concentration and consumption of propofol and the time required were recorded when BIS value decreased to 50.Results BIS value was significantly increased, while the effect-site concentration of propofol was significantly decreased as the patient lost consciousness, and the effect-site concentration and consumption of propofol were significantly decreased and the time required was shortened when BIS value decreased to 50 in R2-R4 groups compared with group R0 (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01) . Conclusion The sedative effect of propofol can be enhanced when the Ce of remifentanil reaches 4 ng/ml, and the effects are comparable when the Ce of remifentanil reaches 4, 6 and 8 ng/ml.

Objective To investigate the best MR technique for detecting small epidermoids in the cerebellopontine angle.Methods 7 patients with pathologically-proved small epidermoids only located in the cerebellopontine angle were collected. The imaging techniques included:conventional T1WI and T2WI, fluid attenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR),diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) and balanced fast field echo(B-FFE) .The findings were retrospectively analyzed.Results 6 of 7 cases of epidermoid tumours localized at the cerebellopontine angle and exhibited the similar signal intensity as the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) on T1WI and T2WI.The remaining case was slightly isointense on either T1WI or T2WI.On FLAIR images in 6 cases,3 cases showed slightly hyperintensity, 1 case showed doubtful heterogeneous signal intensity and 2 cases did not reveal any abnormal signal intensity.3 cases were hyperintense differenting from CSF on DW images. All of seven cases showed heterogeneous signal characteristics and were quite different from CFS on B-FFE.Meanwhile B-FFE also produced clearly the tissue contrast of trigeminus embedded in epidermoids of the cerebellopontine angle.Conclusion B-FFE is much more useful for the early diagnosis of epidermoids in the cerebellopontine angle and it also can provide precise preoperative information about the trigeminus encasement.

Objective To investigate the treatment effect of fasudilon inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) in rats. IBD was induced by using an enema of trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid ( TNBS ) . Methods A total of 30 female SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (0. 9% sodium chloride for induction and 0. 9% sodium chloride for treatment), model control group (TNBS for induction and 0. 9% sodium chloride for treatment), and fasudil group (TNBS for induction and fasudil 4. 5 mg·kg-1 for treatment). The disease activity index(DAI) was estimated 14 days later. The MPO activity, TNF-αcontent and IL-1β level in the colon were investigated, while Rho kinase expression was detected by Western blot. The pathological changes were detected by HE staining. Results The DAI of the normal control, model control, and fasudil groups were:(0. 00±0. 00),(7. 76±1. 32),and (3. 20±0. 98), respectively. MPO activity was (59. 32±9. 08),(96. 65±16. 57),and (69. 58±11. 40) U·g-1, respectively. TNF-α was (0. 15±0. 11),(0. 28±0. 22),and (0. 20±0. 62) ng·mL-1, respectively. IL-1β content was (0. 04±0. 01),(0. 08±0. 02),and (0. 06±0. 02) ng·mL-1, respectively. Rho kinase expression was 0. 713± 0. 170,1. 083±0. 210,and 0. 907±0. 260, respectively. Conclusion Fasudil excerts protective effects against IBD in rats by lowering the expression of Rho kinase and attenuating the release of inflammatory mediators, suggesting that Rho kinase could be a new therapeutic target for IBD.

Adult ; Bronchogenic Cyst ; Female ; Humans

Objective To treat hydrosalpinx by using interventional embolization of fallopian tube or laparoscopic salpingectomy before the performance of auxiliary reproductive technology,i.e.in vitro fertilization and embryo transplant (IVF-ET),and to compare the clinical effect,technical advantages and disadvamages between the two methods.Methods A total of 170 patients with tubal infertility who had received IVF-ET were selected,the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into three groups:(1) interventional embolization group (n=65),using interventional embolization for hydrosalpinx;(2) laparoscopic salpingectomy group (n=55),adopting laparoscopic salpingectomy for hydrosalpinx;and (3) control group (n=50):for these patients bilateral proximal fallopian tube obstruction was performed,and IVF-ET was directly carried out if the patient had no hydrosalpinx.Results No statistically significant differences in the used dosage of gonadotropin (Gn),E2 level on HCG-injection day,the number of follicles on HCG-injection day,the number of retrieved oocytes,the fertilization rate,cleavage rate,clinical pregnancy rate,abortion rate,and ectopic pregnancy rate existed between each other among the three groups (P＞0.05).The technical success rate in both interventional embolization group and laparoscopic salpingectomy group was 100％.No severe complications occurred.The interventional embolization procedure had some advantages,it could be completed at clinic room,the operation time was short,no anesthesia was needed,the medical cost was low,etc.Conclusion Interventional embolization of fallopian tube and laparoscopic resection are equally effective in treating hydrosalpinx before IVF-ET is conducted.Both methods can improve pregnancy outcome,but interventional embolization method is more simple,safe,economical and effective,which deserves to be the preferred method of treatment.

Objective To evaluate the clinical feasibility of localization CT enhanced image replacing plain CT scan image for target delineation and dose calculation.Methods Forty cases of NPC were collected and divided into two groups with different concentrations of contrast agents.The contours of planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) of each case were delineated in the plain scan image,and the contours of PTV and OARs were copied to the enhanced image.Two plans based on the plain scan image and the enhanced image were designed in the planning system of Eclipse.The dose distribution and OARs and MU were compared between the groups.Results No statistical differences were found in the dosimetry of PTV,OARs and MU (P＞0.05).Conclusion The image intensifier has little effect on the dose calculation of Eclipse for NPC.In the radiotherapy for NPC,the localization CT enhanced image can be used to replace the plain CT scan image for target delineation and dose calculation.

Objective To observe the efficacy of the treatment of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) combined with prednisone on steroid-resistant idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephrifis (IMPGN) patients with moderate to severe proteinufia. Methods Thirteen cases were diagnosed as IMPGN by renal biopsy after excluding secondary factors. Among 13 patients, 9 had severe proteinuria and another 4 had moderate proteinuria, 9 with hypertension and 11 with decreased renal function. Before MMF therapy, all of the cases were resistant to the treatment of glucocorticoid (prednisone 1 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 8 weeks or more. The dose of MMF was 1.5 g/d. Patients were followed up every month for blood pressure, urinary protein excretion, liver and kidney function, complete blood count, and adverse effects. Results At the initiation, the 24 h urinary protein excretion was (4.1±1.4) g, Scr (131.0±44.9) μmol/L, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (63.3±26.8) ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1. After prednisene therapy for at least 2 months, the 24 h urinary protein excretion (4.2±1.5) g, Ser (133.2±52.8)μmol/L and eGYR (63.3±27.1) ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1did not change significantly. After 3 months of the addition of MMF, 24 h urinary protein excretion declined slightly [(3.8±1.2) g, P>0.05]. After 6 months, 24 h urinary protein excretion declined significantly [(2.5±0.9) g, P<0.05], with decrease in Set and eGFR[(97.2±27.3) μmol/L and (81.3±24.2) ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1, P<0.05)]. At the end of 1 year, 24 h urinary protein excretion was only (1.5±0.6) g(P<0.01 ), Ser and eGFR were (95.9±22.5)μmol/L and (81.2±23.8) ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1(P<0.01). All the patients experienced a partial remission of proteinuria (urinary protein excretion decreased by 50% or more). Adverse event including stomach upset was found in 1 patient. Conclusion MMF combined with glucosteroids can effectively decrease proteinuria and improve renal function without obvious side effect in steroid-resistant IMPGN.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasound for peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).MethodsNinety- five patients with ICC which were confirmed histopathologically were retrospectively studied.The features on color Doppler ultrasound were analyzed.ResultsThere were 102 tumors which ranged from 20 mm× 20 mm to 130 mm× 100 mm in size.On gray-scale ultrasonic imaging,a large proportion of the tumors presented with inhomogeneous echo (n=75,73.5％), indefinite boundaries (n =70, 68.6％),and irregular shape (n=55,53.9％).On color Doppler ultrasonic imaging,most tumors had flow signals (75,73.5％) mainly in the shape of areatus,short- line and color-dot.Most flow signals had a resistant index greater than 0.6.Of the 102 tumors,thirty-seven (36.3％) were observed to produce streak hyperecho,twentynine (28.4％) slight attenuation in the rear and 22 (21.6％) unbilical depression.The coincidence rate with ultrasound was 84.2％(80/95). ConclusionsThe features of peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma on color Doppler ultrasound are characteristic.To be able to appreciate these features is helpful to improve on the accuracy rate of ultrasound.