Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of urethral resectoscopy and retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with open surgical nephroureterectomy. Methods A total of 44 patients with renal pelvic and ureteral neoplasms were included.Urethral resectoscopy and retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy were performed in 15 cases (Group A) and open surgical nephroureterectomy in 29 cases (Group B).The therapeutic effectiveness,postoperative recovery,relevant cost and complications were compared between Group A and Group B. Results The analysis showed that the intra-operative bleeding volum [(75.1?29.5)ml],the postoperative intesinal function recovery [(24.1?12.6)h],time to ambulation [(24.3?10.5)h],use of antalgesic [(3.0?0.8)d],intravenous antibiotic [(7.2?3.1)d],hospital stay [(6.3?1.2)d],convalescene of normal activities [(28.0?7.8)d] and incidence of complications with Group A were significantly superior to those with Group B(P

0.05].The mean follow-up of 45 pat ients is 36(1～76) months.No local tumor recurrence has been noted. C onclusionsNSS can be performed with satisfactory result in RAML,and it is the first choice of surgical treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare and appraise eucalyptus oil?-cyclodextrin inclusion compound,and to testify the feasibility of transforming the dosage form of eucalyptus oil by clathration techniques.METHODS:The physicochemical properties of inclusion compound was identified by thin-layer chromatography(TLC),infrared spectroscopy(IR),ultra-violet spectroscopy(UV)and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer(GC-MS),respectively.Meanwhile,the changes in constituents and clathration outcomes of eucalyptus oil before and after clathration were also investigated.RESULTS:The analytic result of TLC,IR and UV showed that stable inclusion compound has been formed from eucalyptus oil and?-cy?clodextrin.The result of GC-MS demonstrated that there was no significant change in the essential components and the percentage composition of eucalyptus oil before and after inclusion.CONCLUSION:Stable inclusion compound can be made from eucalyptus oil and?-cyclodextrin meanwhile without changes in main components and the percentage composition of eucalyptus oil.

Objective To study the change of pancreatic hemocirculation in patients with acute pancreatitis by magnetic resonance perfusion (MRP) and to explore its relationship with pancreatic severity. Methods With a prospective investigation method, APACHEⅡscores, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) scores, Binder scores and C-reactive protein (CRP) values were recorded within 72 h in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP,n=15) and mild acute pancreatitis (MAP,n=17), while other 19 volunteers were as controls. MRP were performed on 32 patients and 19 controls. Patients in SAP group were evaluated by above criteria after two-weeks treatment and MRP were performed in 12 of them. All cases with bolus injection of Gd-DTPA (0.2 mol/kg) were scanned by transversal same slice and fast spoil phase gradient echo. Three groups datum of MIR and MSR were gained by ROI time-signal graphy of pancreatic head, body and trail which were calculated by Perfxproject software. Results ① The rates of MIR and MSR in SAP group were lower than MAP group (P0.05).Conclusion MRP is an objective imaging technique, which can reflect the hemocirculatory variety in acute pancrea-titis.It may have a considerable value in evaluating the severity of acute pancratitis.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of retroperitoneal and transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumors.Methods Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was carried out in 56 cases of adrenal tumors via transperitoneal(10 cases) or retroperitoneal(46 cases) approaches.For transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy,the operation was performed through 3 abdominal trocars.After the peritoneum and the Gerota's fascia were opened,the adrenal gland or tumor were disconnected near the upper polar of the kidney.Then the tumor was removed by using the LigaSure system and a harmonic scalpel.For retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy,a self-made balloon was used to dilate the retroperitoneal space.Then the Gerota's fascia was opened and the tumor was removed by using the LigaSure system and a harmonic scalpel. Results Of the 10 cases of transperitoneal adrenalectomy,conversions to open surgery were required in 3 cases because of extensive abdominal adhesion;of the 46 cases of retroperitoneal adrenalectomy,a conversion to open surgery was needed in 1 case because of massive hemorrhage of the inferior vena cava.Of the remaining 52 cases,the intraoperative blood loss was 20~200 ml(mean,70 ml) and no blood transfusion was needed.The operation time was 40~200 min(mean,110 min).The postoperative hospital stay was 3~8 d (mean,5.4 d).Follow-up for(6~36) months(mean,8 months) in 52 cases showed no tumor recurrence and metastasis.Conclusions Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has advantages of reliable effects,minimal invasion,rapid recovery,and short hospital stay.This procedure can be used as the first choice for the treatment of adrenal tumors.

miRNA ( microRNA) is a small molecule, which is composed of about 20 nucleotides, and has been a hot research topic in recent years.Many studies indicated that the expression level of miRNA in tumor changed, which played a role in the differentiation and proliferation of tumor cells, as a function of oncogene or tumor suppressor gene.The occurrence and development of colon cancer is related to the abnormal expression of many genes, and the data shows that the abnormal expression of miRNA is closely related to the development of colon cancer.In this paper, the influence of miRNAs on the development of colon cancer and its relevant mechanism were collected, then the colon cancer occurrence, development and miRNA molecular mechanisms were studied, which provided a theoretical basis for the molecular target treatment of colon cancer.

Purpose To observe the curative effect of acupuncture on female urethral syndrome. Method A treatment group of 30 patients were treated with acupuncture at points Zhongji ( CV 3 ), Zusanli ( ST 36), Sanyinjiao ( SP 6), Shenshu ( BL 23 ), Pangguangshu ( BL28), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhaohai (KI 6) and Zhonglushu ( BL 29). A control group of 28 patients were treated with capsule Norfloxacini and capsule Cystocaps.Results Of the treatment group, 26 patients had effectiveness and 4 had ineffectiveness; of the control group,2 patients had effectiveness and 26 had ineffectiveness.There was a significant difference in effective rate between the two groups (P＜0.01). Conclusion The curative effect of acupuncture on female urethral syndrome is better than that of routine treatment.

Objective:To explore the application value of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)in secondum atri-al septal defect (ASD)intervention and minimally invasive occlusion surgery in adult patients.Methods:A total of 134 cases adult patients (>15 years)with pure secondum ASD (including 91 cases undergoing interventional occlu-sion and 43 cases undergoing minimally invasive occlusion surgery),who were screened via transthoracic echocardio-graphy (TTE)and TEE from Jan 2012 to Dec 2012,were selected.Intervention group and minimally invasive sur-gery group received TTE and TEE monitoring respectively during operation.Preoperative TTE and TEE parameters and operation results were compared and analyzed.Results:The parameters of ASD diameter measured by TEE were significantly higher than those measured by TTE in two groups (P <0.01 all).Maximum defect diameter of ASD measured by TEE was significantly higher than that of measured by TTE [(19.8±5.2)mm vs.(18.7±4.9)mm], P <0.01. The correlation between maximum defect diameter measured by TTE and occluder size (intervention group r =0.926,minimally invasive surgery group r =0.215)was all lower than that of TEE (intervention group r=0.965,minimally invasive surgery group r =0.627),P <0.01 both.Conclusion:TEE is better than TTE in as-sessment of ASD size.It should be regarded as a routine preoperative screening method for adult ASD patients.It has important value in real-time monitoring,guidance and immediate evaluation of therapeutic effects during mini-mally invasive ASD occlusion surgery.

The aims of this article is to provide the quality control requirements of preanalytical variation for the determination of trace element aluminum,arsenic,chromium,cadmium and mercury in samples of human origin,reduce the influence of preanalytical variation on the test results.Refer to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) documents,Control of Preanalytical Variation in Trace Element Determinations and other references and guidelines,the methods of quality control of aluminum,arsenic,chromium,cadmium and mercury determination have been made,including:the factors needed to be considered in collection,preservation,transportation and other preanalytical factors,the abilities and considerations of laboratory staff,etc.Hope this article provide some useful suggestions and help to the laboratories of determination of aluminum,arsenic,chromium,cadmium and mercury in samples of human origin.

Objective To investigate the dates of 477 Chinese prenatal screening centers for previous half year analyse prena-tal screening status and provide recommendations for quality control.Methods All China prenatal screening centers were sent the data via the National Quality Assessment Scheme.This covered the software used,the risk cut-offs,monthly sample throughput,monthly median MoM of AFP,hCG,β-HCG,freeβ-HCG and uE3,monthly screening positive rate for trisomy 21,trisomy 18 and Open Neural Tube Defect.Results Screening protocol were versatile,with 73.48% (133/181)used two-marker model,24.31% (44/181)used three-marker model and 2.21% used four-marker model.About the software used, 350 laboratories never updated the screening parameters,89 laboratories had updated their median or parameter by manufac-turers,24 laboratories had updated the parameters by themselves.Cut-offs differed between laboratories.59.91% (275/459) used 1/270 as their cutoffs for trisomy 21.66.22% (296/447)used 1/350 as their cutoff for trisomy 18 and 96.52% (361/374)used cutoffs between 2.0~2.5 MOM for ONTD.Results of monthly median MOM:the percentage of laboratories that all six monthly median MOM within the target of 0.90~1.10 was 46.69% (155/332)for AFP,20.0% (4/20)for hCG, 29.17% (28/96)forβ-HCG,15.66% (31/198)for freeβ-HCG and 4.82% (11/228)for uE3.The percentage of laborato-ries that all six monthly median MOM within the target of 0.95~1.05 was 14.16% (47/332)for AFP,0% (0/20)for hCG,4.17% (4/96)forβ-HCG,12.63% (25/198)for freeβ-HCG and 4.82% (11/228)for uE3.About screening positive rate,there were difference of trisomy 2 1 positive rate in the same laboratory within the six month.Conclusion There were variations types of screening protocol,different kinds of soft platform,randomness of choice or update of medians or other important parameters and great difference in awareness of quality control.It would be taken effective and practical quality control measures to help laboratories improve quality control.